# NTSB investigations: Landing

NTSB aviation accident and incident investigations since 1962: the probable cause, findings, aircraft, crew, weather and docket of each, linked to the FAA registry and the FAA’s own reports.

Page 274 of 1,075 · 53,703 cases

## Cases, newest first

- [NTSB CHI99LA049](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI99LA049.md): Cessna 150 · East Troy, WI · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Dec 6, 1998 · N63563 · Substantial damage
  > the student pilot's failure to maintain directional control of the airplane. Factors associated with the accident were the crosswind, and the ditch.
- [NTSB FTW99LA043](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/FTW99LA043.md): Cessna 180 · Springdale, AR · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Dec 3, 1998 · N1774C · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's improper recovery from a bounced landing resulting in a ground loop. A factor was the pilot's improper landing flare.
- [NTSB MIA99LA040](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/MIA99LA040.md): Bellanca 17-30 · Star, NC · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Dec 2, 1998 · N4789V · Substantial damage
  > The failure of the pilot to use proper short-field landing procedure, resulting in an extended flare and touchdown by the nose wheel and right main wheel simultaneously, and the subsequent loss of directional control and collision with trees.
- [NTSB FTW99LA040](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/FTW99LA040.md): Cessna 152 · Fort Worth, TX · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Dec 1, 1998 · N4755B · Substantial damage
  > The student pilot's loss of directional control due to improper use of the rudder. A factor was the hilly terrain beyond the departure end of the runway.
- [NTSB DCA99IA023](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/DCA99IA023.md): Boeing 757 · Washington, DC · Incident · No injuries · Incident investigation · Final report · Nov 29, 1998 · UNK · No damage
  > Undetermined.
- [NTSB NYC99LA030](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/NYC99LA030.md): King Kitfox IV · Gasport, NY · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Nov 28, 1998 · N9724F · Substantial damage
  > A collision with a deer while landing.
- [NTSB LAX99LA045](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX99LA045.md): Maule M-5-235C · Inyokern, CA · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Nov 28, 1998 · N5636M · Substantial damage
  > The failure of the pilot to maintain control of the aircraft while landing.
- [NTSB IAD99LA022](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/IAD99LA022.md): Pitts S-2B · Easton, MD · Accident · Serious injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Nov 28, 1998 · N340PS · 2 aircraft · Substantial damage
  > The failure of both the pilot-in-command (CFI) and dual student of the other aircraft (Pitts) to maintain adequate visual lookout.
- [NTSB FTW99LA045](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/FTW99LA045.md): Lockheed L-1329 · Austin, TX · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Nov 27, 1998 · N787WB · Substantial damage
  > The steering actuator fatigue failure resulting from inadequate procedure documentation for the manufacturing process.
- [NTSB FTW99LA037](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/FTW99LA037.md): Bellanca 7GCBC · Stuttgart, AR · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Nov 27, 1998 · N5025C · Substantial damage
  > The separation of the left main landing gear bolt.
- [NTSB CHI99LA043](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI99LA043.md): Piper PA-28-140 · East St. Louis, IL · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Nov 27, 1998 · N10347 · Substantial damage
  > The student pilot's failure to maintain directional control.
- [NTSB CHI99LA040](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI99LA040.md): Cessna 172P · Brainerd, MN · Accident · Minor injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Nov 27, 1998 · N52502 · 2 aircraft · Substantial damage
  > The visual lookout not obtained/maintained by the pilot of the other aircraft. Contributing factors were the unicom frequency not selected and the traffic advisory not issued by the pilot of the other aircraft. An additional factor was the aircraft moving on…
- [NTSB MIA99LA036](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/MIA99LA036.md): Cessna 172C · Tallahassee, FL · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Nov 26, 1998 · N1377Y · Substantial damage
  > an on ground collision with a horse.
- [NTSB CHI99LA041](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI99LA041.md): Piper PA-28-R200 · Eden Prairie, MN · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Nov 26, 1998 · N2988R · Substantial damage
  > the pilot misjudged the flare and did not maintain directional control during touchdown. A factor was the VASI lights.
- [NTSB CHI99LA039](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI99LA039.md): Cessna 172N · Evansville, IN · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Nov 26, 1998 · N739LK · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's improper flare and improper recovery from a bounced landing.
- [NTSB LAX99LA041](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX99LA041.md): Boeing A75N1 · Vacaville, CA · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Nov 25, 1998 · N59734 · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's inadequate compensation for the existing variable wind conditions and his failure to maintain directional control.
- [NTSB CHI99LA035](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI99LA035.md): Cessna 150 · Alliance, NE · Accident · Serious injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Nov 23, 1998 · N22269 · Destroyed
  > Was the late flare and stall by the student pilot and improper remedial actions by the student pilot.
- [NTSB CHI99LA033](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI99LA033.md): Brantly Helicopter B2B · Salem, IL · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Nov 23, 1998 · N2291U · Substantial damage
  > The simulated emergency procedure by the pilot-in-command. Additional causes were the directional control not obtained/maintained by the pilot-in-command and the inadequate supervision by the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) Inspector. A contributing…
- [NTSB FTW99LA035](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/FTW99LA035.md): Cessna 172P · Fayetteville, AR · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Nov 22, 1998 · N54959 · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's inadequate compensation for the wind conditions resulting in a loss of directional control. A factor was the shifting and gusty wind conditions.
- [NTSB DEN99LA021](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/DEN99LA021.md): Champion 7GCAA · Aurora, CO · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Nov 22, 1998 · N9632S · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's failure to maintain directional control. Factors were the gusty crosswind and terrain.
- [NTSB LAX99LA042](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX99LA042.md): Martin Stoddard Hamilton II · Georgetown, CA · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Nov 21, 1998 · N658PM · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's improper flare. Also causal was the flight instructor's inadequate supervision.
- [NTSB MIA99LA035](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/MIA99LA035.md): Cessna 182C · St. Petersburg, FL · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Nov 20, 1998 · N8620T · Substantial damage
  > the pilot misjudged the flare, resulting in a hard land and subsequent damage to the airplane.
- [NTSB LAX99LA037](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX99LA037.md): Piper PA-30B · Camarillo, CA · Accident · Minor injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Nov 20, 1998 · N7933Y · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's failure to maintain aircraft control and the flight instructor's inadequate supervision.
- [NTSB CHI99LA036](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI99LA036.md): Cessna 150M · Tower, MN · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Nov 20, 1998 · N66314 · Substantial damage
  > the student pilot's failure to maintain directional control of the airplane after landing. Factors contributing to this accident were the icy runway and the snowbank.
- [NTSB ATL99FA021](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ATL99FA021.md): Beech BE-55B · Hampton, GA · Accident · No injuries · Field investigation · Final report · Nov 18, 1998 · N21MJ · Destroyed
  > The pilot's failure to use the landing checklist that resulted in the wheels-up landing.
- [NTSB IAD99LA016](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/IAD99LA016.md): Cessna 152 · Caldwell, NJ · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Nov 15, 1998 · N89101 · Substantial damage
  > the student's pilot's inadequate climb and his failure to maintain adequate altitude and clearance. A related factor was the wind gusts.
- [NTSB ATL99LA018](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ATL99LA018.md): Cessna 182Q · Hickory, NC · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Nov 15, 1998 · N759LH · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's failure to properly recover from a bounced landing.
- [NTSB CHI99LA030](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI99LA030.md): Cessna 172C · Falls City, NE · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Nov 14, 1998 · N1806Y · Substantial damage
  > the flight instructor (on the ground)'s conducting inadequate initial training of the student pilot. Factors were the student pilot's misjudging the flare and his lack of total experience in the type of operation.
- [NTSB CHI99LA028](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI99LA028.md): Cessna 172I · Jacksonville, IL · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Nov 13, 1998 · N35302 · Substantial damage
  > the student pilot's failure to maintain directional control of the airplane. Factors associated with the accident were the student's lack of experience and the road which the airplane contacted.
- [NTSB SEA99LA014](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/SEA99LA014.md): McDonnell Douglas MD-11 · Portland, OR · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Nov 11, 1998 · N801DE · Substantial damage
  > The flight crew's entry of an incorrect weight figure in the Flight Management System (FMS) computer, resulting in the approach being flown at an improper (low) Vref speed and an excessively nose-high attitude through the landing flare.
- [NTSB ANC99LA013](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ANC99LA013.md): Piper PA-18-150 · Kenai, AK · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Nov 11, 1998 · N3391Z · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's failure to use carburetor heat. A factor associated with the accident was weather conducive to carburetor icing.
- [NTSB LAX99LA032](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX99LA032.md): Piper PA-28-161 · Santa Barbara, CA · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Nov 10, 1998 · N8258S · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's inadequate compensation for the existing crosswind condition and failure to maintain proper runway alignment during landing flare.
- [NTSB IAD99LA014](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/IAD99LA014.md): Piper PA-32-260 · Baltimore, MD · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Nov 9, 1998 · N4808S · Substantial damage
  > An inadvertent collision with a deer on the runway. A contributing factor was night conditions.
- [NTSB CHI99LA031](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI99LA031.md): Cessna 337C · New Hudson, MI · Accident · Serious injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Nov 9, 1998 · N2655S · Substantial damage
  > the instructor pilot's not maintaining control of the airplane. A factor was the landing gear doors extended.
- [NTSB NYC99IA024](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/NYC99IA024.md): Boeing 737-3TO · Newark, NJ · Incident · No injuries · Incident investigation · Final report · Nov 6, 1998 · N12318 · Minor damage
  > A loss of torque on the apex nut of the shimmy damper for undetermined reason(s), which resulted in a failure of the shimmy damper, and the subsequent failure of the lower torsion link of the right main landing gear.
- [NTSB ATL99LA022](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ATL99LA022.md): Cessna 150 · Winnsboro, SC · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Nov 6, 1998 · N330JC · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's improper landing flare that resulted in overload damage to the nose wheel assembly.
- [NTSB IAD99LA017](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/IAD99LA017.md): Luscombe LL-8-C · Caldwell, NJ · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Nov 5, 1998 · N2619K · Substantial damage
  > The pilot-in-command's failure to maintain directional control resulting in a ground-loop.
- [NTSB CHI99LA025](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI99LA025.md): Cessna 150M · Warrensburg, MO · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Nov 5, 1998 · N704LV · Substantial damage
  > the student pilot's inadequate flare and his failure to maintain directional control of the airplane. Factors associated with the accident were, the student's lack of total experience and the dirt bank which was contacted.
- [NTSB CHI99LA022](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI99LA022.md): Mooney M20J · Cahokia, IL · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Nov 4, 1998 · N1073K · Substantial damage
  > the pilot's failure to maintain directional control of the airplane during the landing roll. Factors associated with the accident were the quartering tailwind and the ditch that the airplane contacted.
- [NTSB IAD99LA012](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/IAD99LA012.md): Pitcairn RAF 2000 · Doylestown, PA · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Nov 3, 1998 · N52BP · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's inadequate compensation for wind conditions and his inadequate recovery from a bounced landing. Contributing to the accident were the pilot's fatigue and the crosswind conditions.
- [NTSB DEN99LA017](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/DEN99LA017.md): Cessna 182A · Bedford, WY · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Nov 1, 1998 · N6352B · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's failure to identify a soft area on his newly constructed airstrip, which subsequently caused his airplane to nose over.
- [NTSB CHI99LA019](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI99LA019.md): Cessna 310R · Wichita, KS · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Nov 1, 1998 · N310PB · Substantial damage
  > the pilot's inadequate compensation for the wind conditions and the inadequate recovery from the bounced landing which resulted in a loss of control and the ground loop. Factors associated with the accident were the pilot's misjudging the winds conditions and…
- [NTSB CHI99LA018](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI99LA018.md): Cessna 172 · Creve Coeur, MO · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Nov 1, 1998 · N6713H · Substantial damage
  > the pilot misjudged his altitude and airspeed during landing. A related factor was the dark night conditions.
- [NTSB MIA99LA021](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/MIA99LA021.md): Cessna 150F · Winter Haven, FL · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Oct 31, 1998 · N6679F · Substantial damage
  > The student pilot's improper landing flare resulting in a hard landing and ground loop.
- [NTSB CHI99LA014](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI99LA014.md): Cessna 182 · Weeping Water, NE · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Oct 30, 1998 · N2291G · Substantial damage
  > the pilot failed to maintain directional control. A factor was the uneven runway condition.
- [NTSB NYC99LA020](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/NYC99LA020.md): Piper PA23-250 · West Chester, PA · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Oct 29, 1998 · N9190W · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's failure to obtain/maintain the proper airspeed during the landing, and failure to perform a go-around. A factor in the accident was the crosswind conditions.
- [NTSB MIA99LA018](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/MIA99LA018.md): Cessna 152 · Cartersville, GA · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Oct 27, 1998 · N48875 · Substantial damage
  > Failure of the student pilot to maintain directional control during landing resulting in the aircraft running off the left side of the runway and colliding with a parked aircraft. Factors in the accident were his distraction while raising wing flaps during…
- [NTSB IAD99FA008](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/IAD99FA008.md): Learjet 45 · Wallops Island, VA · Accident · Minor injuries · Field investigation · Final report · Oct 27, 1998 · N454LJ · Destroyed
  > The failure of the pilot to obtain/maintain alignment with the water pool, which resulted in the loss of control. Factors in the accident were the inadequate preflight planning of the flight test facility and the airplane manufacturer which resulted in…
- [NTSB SEA99LA008](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/SEA99LA008.md): Cessna 172K · Dillon, MT · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Oct 26, 1998 · N736VR · Substantial damage
  > The student pilot-in-command's failure to maintain directional control. Contributing factors were rough terrain and crosswind conditions.
- [NTSB NYC99LA018](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/NYC99LA018.md): Aero Commander AC-100 · Bridgeton, NJ · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Oct 26, 1998 · N5546M · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's failure to properly flare the airplane at touchdown.

Next page: https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-phases/550/cases.md?page=275

## The whole list in SQL

Runs in DuckDB 1.2 or later on the release's Parquet files over HTTPS:

```sql
WITH phase_names(main, name) AS (VALUES (100, 'Prior to flight'), (150, 'Standing'), (200, 'Pushback/towing'), (250, 'Taxi'), (300, 'Takeoff'), (350, 'Initial climb'), (400, 'Enroute'), (450, 'Maneuvering'), (500, 'Approach'), (550, 'Landing'), (600, 'Emergency descent'), (650, 'Uncontrolled descent'), (700, 'Post-impact'), (750, 'After landing'), (800, 'Other'), (990, 'Unknown')),
  crosswalk(code, main, name) AS (VALUES (500, 150, 'Standing'), (501, 150, 'Standing - pre-flight'), (502, 150, 'Standing - starting engine(s)'), (503, 150, 'Standing - engine(s) operating'), (504, 150, 'Standing - engine(s) not operating'), (505, 150, 'Standing - idling rotors'), (510, 250, 'Taxi'), (511, 200, 'Taxi - pushback/tow'), (512, 250, 'Taxi - to takeoff'), (513, 250, 'Taxi - from landing'), (514, 250, 'Taxi - aerial'), (520, 300, 'Takeoff'), (521, 300, 'Takeoff - roll/run'), (522, 350, 'Takeoff - initial climb'), (523, 300, 'Takeoff - aborted'), (530, 400, 'Climb'), (531, 400, 'Climb - to cruise'), (540, 400, 'Cruise'), (541, 400, 'Cruise - normal'), (542, 400, 'Maneuvering - holding (IFR)'), (550, 400, 'Descent'), (551, 400, 'Descent - normal'), (552, 600, 'Descent - emergency'), (553, 650, 'Descent - uncontrolled'), (560, 500, 'Approach'), (561, 500, 'Approach - VFR pattern - downwind'), (562, 500, 'Approach - VFR pattern - base turn'), (563, 500, 'Approach - VFR pattern - base leg/base to final'), (564, 500, 'Approach - VFR pattern - final approach'), (565, 500, 'Go-around (VFR)'), (566, 500, 'Approach - IAF to FAF/outer marker (IFR)'), (567, 500, 'Approach - FAF/outer marker to threshold (IFR)'), (568, 500, 'Circling (IFR)'), (569, 500, 'Missed approach (IFR)'), (570, 550, 'Landing'), (571, 550, 'Landing - flare/touchdown'), (572, 550, 'Landing - roll'), (573, 550, 'Landing - aborted'), (574, 550, 'Emergency landing'), (575, 550, 'Emergency landing after takeoff'), (576, 600, 'Emergency descent/landing'), (580, 450, 'Maneuvering'), (581, 450, 'Maneuvering - aerial application'), (582, 450, 'Maneuvering - turn to reverse direction'), (583, 450, 'Maneuvering - turn to landing area (emergency)'), (590, 450, 'Hover'), (591, 450, 'Hover - in ground effect'), (592, 450, 'Hover - out of ground effect'), (600, 800, 'Other'), (610, 990, 'Unknown')),
  current_codes AS (
    SELECT e.case_mkey, TRY_CAST(e."tier1Number" AS INTEGER) AS code,
      row_number() OVER (PARTITION BY e.case_mkey ORDER BY coalesce(e."isDefiningEvent", false) DESC, e.position) AS n
    FROM 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_events.parquet' e
    WHERE e.aircrafts_position = 1 AND e."tier1Number" GLOB '[1-9][0-9]*'
      AND (e."isDefiningEvent" OR e.case_mkey IN (SELECT "mKey" FROM 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_case_detail.parquet' WHERE "isPre1982"))
  ),
  phases AS (
    SELECT case_mkey, 'current' AS scheme, code, CASE WHEN code >= 990 THEN 990 ELSE code // 50 * 50 END AS main
    FROM current_codes WHERE n = 1
    UNION ALL
    SELECT o.case_mkey, 'older', o."phaseOfFlightCode", w.main
    FROM 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_occurrences.parquet' o JOIN crosswalk w ON w.code = o."phaseOfFlightCode"
    WHERE o.aircrafts_position = 1 AND o."occurrenceNumber" = 1 AND o.case_mkey NOT IN (SELECT case_mkey FROM current_codes)
  ),
  case_phases AS (
    SELECT p.*, c."eventDate", c."highestInjuryLevel" = 'Fatal' AS fatal, a.aircraft_model_code
    FROM phases p JOIN 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_case_detail.parquet' c ON c."mKey" = p.case_mkey
    LEFT JOIN 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_aircrafts.parquet' a ON a.case_mkey = p.case_mkey AND a.position = 1
    WHERE c."eventDate" >= DATE '1962-01-01' AND p.main IN (SELECT main FROM phase_names)
  )
SELECT c."ntsbNumber", c."eventDate", c."eventType", c."eventCity", c."eventStateOrRegion", a.n_number, a."aircraftMake", a."aircraftModel", c."highestInjuryLevel", c."totalFatal", c."completionStatus", c.report_url
FROM 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_case_detail.parquet' c LEFT JOIN 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_aircrafts.parquet' a ON a.case_mkey = c."mKey" AND a.position = 1
WHERE c."mKey" IN (SELECT case_mkey FROM case_phases WHERE main = 550)
ORDER BY c."eventDate" DESC, c."ntsbNumber" DESC
```

This list as a web page: https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-phases/550/cases?page=274

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