# NTSB investigations: Landing

NTSB aviation accident and incident investigations since 1962: the probable cause, findings, aircraft, crew, weather and docket of each, linked to the FAA registry and the FAA’s own reports.

Page 275 of 1,075 · 53,703 cases

## Cases, newest first

- [NTSB LAX99LA016](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX99LA016.md): Cessna 208B · Lahaina, HI · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Oct 26, 1998 · N860FE · Substantial damage
  > Structural failure of the main landing gear strut due to metallurgical fatigue. The fatigue cracks originated at an internal structural flaw placed in the part during manufacture.
- [NTSB CHI99LA015](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI99LA015.md): Cessna 195 · Rugby, ND · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Oct 26, 1998 · N1003D · Substantial damage
  > the pilot failed to maintain directional control.
- [NTSB NYC99LA021](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/NYC99LA021.md): Cessna 172M · Cumberland, MD · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Oct 25, 1998 · N61648 · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's decision to land, instead of performing a go-around.
- [NTSB NYC99LA016](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/NYC99LA016.md): Piper PA-34-200 · Oneonta, NY · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Oct 25, 1998 · N55697 · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's improper flare which resulted in a hard landing. A factor in the accident was the crosswind condition.
- [NTSB MIA99LA056](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/MIA99LA056.md): Piper PA-22-150 · Chamblee, GA · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Oct 25, 1998 · N7357D · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's excessive use of right wheel brake to correct for a left drift during landing rollout resulting in a ground loop to the right and the left wing contacting the runway.
- [NTSB NYC99LA017](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/NYC99LA017.md): Burkhart Grob G103-TWINA · Saratoga Spring, NY · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Oct 24, 1998 · N4446T · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's failure to maintain control of the glider while landing.
- [NTSB MIA99LA015](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/MIA99LA015.md): Peters Strojnik S2A · Pensacola, FL · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Oct 24, 1998 · N70136 · Substantial damage
  > The aircraft's uncontrolled climb after encountering a wind gust or thermal during landing flare without engine power resulting in the pilot having to force the aircraft onto the runway making a hard landing prior to the end of the runway.
- [NTSB SEA99LA009](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/SEA99LA009.md): Pitts S-1 · Mccall, ID · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Oct 23, 1998 · N144JS · Substantial damage
  > The pilot-in-command's failure to maintain directional control. Contributing factors were the uneven taxiway, inadequate airport maintenance (temporary threshold marking) by the airport management, and a ditch alongside the taxiway.
- [NTSB CHI99LA011](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI99LA011.md): Cessna 182Q · Pound, WI · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Oct 22, 1998 · N759CT · Substantial damage
  > the pilot misjudged the proper touchdown point and subsequently landed short of the runway. Factors associated with the accident were the haze, sunglare, the lack of visual perception, and the uphill terrain on which the airplane touched down.
- [NTSB SEA99LA004](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/SEA99LA004.md): Piper PA-18-150 · Billings, MT · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Oct 20, 1998 · N335PA · Substantial damage
  > Directional control was not maintained. Inadequate remedial action was a factor.
- [NTSB IAD99LA011](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/IAD99LA011.md): Ryan NAVION-A · East Moriches, NY · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Oct 20, 1998 · N4529K · Substantial damage
  > The student pilot's failure to maintain adequate airspeed and the certified flight instructor's inadequate supervision.
- [NTSB MIA99LA020](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/MIA99LA020.md): Beech BE-58 · Jackson, MS · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Oct 19, 1998 · N31CE · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's failure to ensure the landing gear was down resulting in a wheels up landing.
- [NTSB LAX99LA011](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX99LA011.md): Piper PA-28-181 · Shelter Cove, CA · Accident · 3 fatal · Limited investigation · Final report · Oct 17, 1998 · N6870F · Destroyed
  > The pilot's excessive airspeed, failure to attain the proper touchdown point, and the delayed decision to initiate a go-around.
- [NTSB MIA99LA011](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/MIA99LA011.md): Cessna A188B · Statesboro, GA · Accident · Minor injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Oct 15, 1998 · N4925Q · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's decision to attempt a flight with an unairworthy condition (leaky brake) and improper use of brakes on landing rollout. This resulted in a loss of brake fluid, directional control, ground loop, and on ground collision with terrain.
- [NTSB ANC99LA004](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ANC99LA004.md): Cessna 180 · Anchorage, AK · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Oct 15, 1998 · N4955A · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's inadequate compensation for crosswind conditions. Factors associated with the accident were a crosswind, and loose gavel.
- [NTSB MIA99LA009](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/MIA99LA009.md): Piper PA-32RT · Vidalia, GA · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Oct 14, 1998 · N39525 · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's inadequate preflight planning by which he failed to obtain NOTAM information, and his failure to identify an hazardous/unsafe condition on the runway.
- [NTSB LAX99LA010](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX99LA010.md): Piper PA-28 · Carson City, NV · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Oct 12, 1998 · N5078W · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's failure to verify the wind direction and speed, his selection of the wrong runway for the existing wind conditions, and, his inadequate compensation for those wind conditions.
- [NTSB IAD99LA006](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/IAD99LA006.md): Piper PA-28-181 · Pittstown, NJ · Accident · Minor injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Oct 12, 1998 · N41662 · Destroyed
  > The pilot's failure to obtain the proper touchdown point and his delay in executing a go-around. A factor in the accident was the tailwind.
- [NTSB IAD99LA009](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/IAD99LA009.md): Cessna 150L · Clinton, MD · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Oct 11, 1998 · N11951 · Destroyed
  > The student pilot's improper flare and improper recovery from a bounced landing.
- [NTSB DEN99LA010](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/DEN99LA010.md): Aerostar RXS8 · Albuquerque, NM · Accident · Serious injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Oct 10, 1998 · N9105Z · No damage
  > The high wind condition and the pilot's subsequent intentional hard touchdown. A factor was the small landing area that was available to the pilot.
- [NTSB NYC99LA019](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/NYC99LA019.md): Piper PA-34-R200 · Caldwell, NJ · Accident · Minor injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Oct 9, 1998 · N800JK · Destroyed
  > The failure of both the normal and emergency brake systems.
- [NTSB DEN99LA006](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/DEN99LA006.md): Balloon Works FIREFLY-7 · Alberquerque, NM · Accident · Serious injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Oct 8, 1998 · N36609 · No damage
  > The passenger's failure to follow procedures/directives for a hard landing. A factor was the congested/confined landing area with power lines on both ends.
- [NTSB DEN99LA023](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/DEN99LA023.md): Balloon Works Firefly 8B-15 · Albuquerque, NM · Accident · Serious injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Oct 5, 1998 · N3290G · No damage
  > The passenger not following high wind landing procedures/directives which were given to her by the pilot. A factor was the unforecasted high wind condition.
- [NTSB IAD99LA003](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/IAD99LA003.md): Piper PA-34 · Teteboro, NJ · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Oct 4, 1998 · N1025U · Substantial damage
  > the collapse of the landing gear due to a bent gear locking mechanism for undetermined reasons.
- [NTSB CHI99LA002](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI99LA002.md): Cessna C-336 · Sheboygan, WI · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Oct 4, 1998 · N3884U · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's improper flare and improper recovery from a bounced landing.
- [NTSB DEN99LA005](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/DEN99LA005.md): Piper PA-28RT-201T · Albuquerque, NM · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Oct 3, 1998 · N8182J · Substantial damage
  > The premature flaring of the airplane, resulting in an inadvertent stall.
- [NTSB DEN99LA002](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/DEN99LA002.md): Bell 206B · Vernal, UT · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Oct 3, 1998 · N992SM · Substantial damage
  > Loss of tail rotor effectiveness. A factor was the quartering tailwind.
- [NTSB NYC99LA001](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/NYC99LA001.md): Cessna 150M · Wiley Ford, WV · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Oct 2, 1998 · N9273U · Substantial damage
  > Was the failure of the pilot to maintain directional control during an unforecast change in wind velocity. Factors were the gusts and the lack of recent experience for the pilot.
- [NTSB MIA99LA002](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/MIA99LA002.md): Cessna 150M · Pocahontas, MS · Accident · Minor injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Oct 2, 1998 · N63447 · Substantial damage
  > The delay by the pilot-in-command (CFI) to abort the takeoff after the student landed slightly long and his delay to add power to perform a touch-and-go landing.
- [NTSB MIA99LA001](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/MIA99LA001.md): Cessna 172N · Venice, FL · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Oct 1, 1998 · N733HK · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's improper flare and improper recovery from a bounced landing.
- [NTSB DEN99LA001](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/DEN99LA001.md): Cessna 140A · Belen, NM · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Oct 1, 1998 · N9403A · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's failure to maintain aircraft control. Factors were his inadequate compensation for the gusty crosswind conditions, and the airplane manufacturer's failure to provide adequate performance data.
- [NTSB MIA98LA255](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/MIA98LA255.md): Cessna A185F · Elizabethton, TN · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Sep 30, 1998 · N1236F · Substantial damage
  > The failure of the pilot to maintain directional control during the landing roll.
- [NTSB FTW98LA417](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/FTW98LA417.md): Cessna 172N · Gallup, NM · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Sep 29, 1998 · N739JT · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's inadequate landing flare. Factors were his misjudgement of altitude and his excessive airspeed.
- [NTSB SEA98LA178](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/SEA98LA178.md): Cessna 414 · Burley, ID · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Sep 28, 1998 · CGLHP · Substantial damage
  > A brake system failure for undetermined reasons. An intentional ground loop was a factor.
- [NTSB FTW98LA416](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/FTW98LA416.md): Cessna 551 · Pueblo, CO · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Sep 28, 1998 · N59GB · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's delayed flare, improper recovery from a bounced landing, and failure to maintain directional control. A factor was the rough uneven terrain.
- [NTSB CHI98LA364](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI98LA364.md): Piper PA-34-220T · Marshall, MI · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Sep 28, 1998 · N9267W · Substantial damage
  > the pilot-in-command (CFI)'s inadequate supervision of the student, his not obtaining control of the airplane, and his lack of total experience in the type of operation. A factor was the dual student's not maintaining control of the airplane.
- [NTSB FTW98LA415](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/FTW98LA415.md): Piper PA-32-301T · Austin, TX · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Sep 27, 1998 · N83894 · Substantial damage
  > The collision with deer during the landing roll. Factors were the dark night light condition and the separation of the lower strut assembly from the right main landing gear, on the subsequent flight.
- [NTSB LAX98LA313](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX98LA313.md): Grumman HU-16C · Sedona, AZ · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Sep 26, 1998 · N7025J · Substantial damage
  > The pilot in command's selection of the wrong runway for the prevailing wind conditions, and the second pilot's inadequate compensation for the winds. Factors in the accident were the second pilot's lack of experience in the aircraft and the…
- [NTSB LAX98LA307](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX98LA307.md): Piper PA-28-180 · Merced, CA · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Sep 26, 1998 · N9085J · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's improper flare and his failure to adequately compensate for the existing crosswind conditions and maintain airplane control during landing.
- [NTSB IAD98LA112](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/IAD98LA112.md): Cessna 152 · Oxford, CT · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Sep 26, 1998 · N89644 · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's improper flare and inadequate recovery from a bounced landing. A factor was the pilot's lack of experience.
- [NTSB ATL98LA132](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ATL98LA132.md): Cessna 172P · Farmville, NC · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Sep 26, 1998 · N54013 · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's failure to maintain directional control of the aircraft and his improper use of the brakes, which led to the aircraft departing the left side of the runway. Contributing factors were the wet runway and the vehicle.
- [NTSB ATL98LA130](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ATL98LA130.md): Cessna 210L · Orlando, FL · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Sep 26, 1998 · N300EW · Substantial damage
  > A 6-8 inch crack on the right main landing gear strut, which allowed the hydraulic fluid to escape from the system, along with a power pack sequencing valve failure which allowed the main landing gear to fold on landing. A factor in the accident was the…
- [NTSB ANC98LA159](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ANC98LA159.md): Beech A36 · New Stuyahok, AK · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Sep 26, 1998 · N1820L · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's failure to extend the landing gear prior to landing. Factors associated with this accident were the pilot's interference with his normal habit pattern, turbulence, and the crosswind condition during landing.
- [NTSB IAD98LA111](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/IAD98LA111.md): Cessna 152 · Danbury, CT · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Sep 25, 1998 · N94784 · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's improper flare and improper recovery from a bounced landing.
- [NTSB FTW98LA418](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/FTW98LA418.md): Bellanca 17-30A · Alpine, TX · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Sep 25, 1998 · N727DC · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's failure to maintain directional control of the airplane for undetermined reasons. A factor was the loose gravel composition of the runway.
- [NTSB ANC98LA160](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ANC98LA160.md): Piper PA-18 · New Stuyahok, AK · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Sep 25, 1998 · N82905 · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's excessive use of brakes during the landing roll.
- [NTSB LAX98LA304](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX98LA304.md): Boeing 369E · Mesa, AZ · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Sep 24, 1998 · N685F · Substantial damage
  > A hard landing caused by the pilot's improper flare during a simulated autorotatative landing. A factor in the accident was the soft wet sod landing area.
- [NTSB ANC98LA164](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ANC98LA164.md): Grumman S2F-1 · Wasilla, AK · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Sep 24, 1998 · N8115V · Substantial damage
  > The failure of the recently overhauled right brake seal resulting in a total loss of brake fluid, failure of the right brake system, and subsequent inability of the pilot to utilize the brake. A contributing factor was the soft terrain.
- [NTSB SEA98LA186](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/SEA98LA186.md): Beech A35 · Christmasvalley, OR · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Sep 23, 1998 · N516B · Substantial damage
  > A jammed nose gear. A corroded cable and the failure of the owner to have an annual inspection performed on the airplane were factors.
- [NTSB ANC98LA156](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ANC98LA156.md): Cessna 180 · Port Heiden, AK · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Sep 23, 1998 · N2204C · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's inadvertent activation of the brakes during the landing roll resulting in a ground loop/swerve.

Next page: https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-phases/550/cases.md?page=276

## The whole list in SQL

Runs in DuckDB 1.2 or later on the release's Parquet files over HTTPS:

```sql
WITH phase_names(main, name) AS (VALUES (100, 'Prior to flight'), (150, 'Standing'), (200, 'Pushback/towing'), (250, 'Taxi'), (300, 'Takeoff'), (350, 'Initial climb'), (400, 'Enroute'), (450, 'Maneuvering'), (500, 'Approach'), (550, 'Landing'), (600, 'Emergency descent'), (650, 'Uncontrolled descent'), (700, 'Post-impact'), (750, 'After landing'), (800, 'Other'), (990, 'Unknown')),
  crosswalk(code, main, name) AS (VALUES (500, 150, 'Standing'), (501, 150, 'Standing - pre-flight'), (502, 150, 'Standing - starting engine(s)'), (503, 150, 'Standing - engine(s) operating'), (504, 150, 'Standing - engine(s) not operating'), (505, 150, 'Standing - idling rotors'), (510, 250, 'Taxi'), (511, 200, 'Taxi - pushback/tow'), (512, 250, 'Taxi - to takeoff'), (513, 250, 'Taxi - from landing'), (514, 250, 'Taxi - aerial'), (520, 300, 'Takeoff'), (521, 300, 'Takeoff - roll/run'), (522, 350, 'Takeoff - initial climb'), (523, 300, 'Takeoff - aborted'), (530, 400, 'Climb'), (531, 400, 'Climb - to cruise'), (540, 400, 'Cruise'), (541, 400, 'Cruise - normal'), (542, 400, 'Maneuvering - holding (IFR)'), (550, 400, 'Descent'), (551, 400, 'Descent - normal'), (552, 600, 'Descent - emergency'), (553, 650, 'Descent - uncontrolled'), (560, 500, 'Approach'), (561, 500, 'Approach - VFR pattern - downwind'), (562, 500, 'Approach - VFR pattern - base turn'), (563, 500, 'Approach - VFR pattern - base leg/base to final'), (564, 500, 'Approach - VFR pattern - final approach'), (565, 500, 'Go-around (VFR)'), (566, 500, 'Approach - IAF to FAF/outer marker (IFR)'), (567, 500, 'Approach - FAF/outer marker to threshold (IFR)'), (568, 500, 'Circling (IFR)'), (569, 500, 'Missed approach (IFR)'), (570, 550, 'Landing'), (571, 550, 'Landing - flare/touchdown'), (572, 550, 'Landing - roll'), (573, 550, 'Landing - aborted'), (574, 550, 'Emergency landing'), (575, 550, 'Emergency landing after takeoff'), (576, 600, 'Emergency descent/landing'), (580, 450, 'Maneuvering'), (581, 450, 'Maneuvering - aerial application'), (582, 450, 'Maneuvering - turn to reverse direction'), (583, 450, 'Maneuvering - turn to landing area (emergency)'), (590, 450, 'Hover'), (591, 450, 'Hover - in ground effect'), (592, 450, 'Hover - out of ground effect'), (600, 800, 'Other'), (610, 990, 'Unknown')),
  current_codes AS (
    SELECT e.case_mkey, TRY_CAST(e."tier1Number" AS INTEGER) AS code,
      row_number() OVER (PARTITION BY e.case_mkey ORDER BY coalesce(e."isDefiningEvent", false) DESC, e.position) AS n
    FROM 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_events.parquet' e
    WHERE e.aircrafts_position = 1 AND e."tier1Number" GLOB '[1-9][0-9]*'
      AND (e."isDefiningEvent" OR e.case_mkey IN (SELECT "mKey" FROM 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_case_detail.parquet' WHERE "isPre1982"))
  ),
  phases AS (
    SELECT case_mkey, 'current' AS scheme, code, CASE WHEN code >= 990 THEN 990 ELSE code // 50 * 50 END AS main
    FROM current_codes WHERE n = 1
    UNION ALL
    SELECT o.case_mkey, 'older', o."phaseOfFlightCode", w.main
    FROM 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_occurrences.parquet' o JOIN crosswalk w ON w.code = o."phaseOfFlightCode"
    WHERE o.aircrafts_position = 1 AND o."occurrenceNumber" = 1 AND o.case_mkey NOT IN (SELECT case_mkey FROM current_codes)
  ),
  case_phases AS (
    SELECT p.*, c."eventDate", c."highestInjuryLevel" = 'Fatal' AS fatal, a.aircraft_model_code
    FROM phases p JOIN 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_case_detail.parquet' c ON c."mKey" = p.case_mkey
    LEFT JOIN 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_aircrafts.parquet' a ON a.case_mkey = p.case_mkey AND a.position = 1
    WHERE c."eventDate" >= DATE '1962-01-01' AND p.main IN (SELECT main FROM phase_names)
  )
SELECT c."ntsbNumber", c."eventDate", c."eventType", c."eventCity", c."eventStateOrRegion", a.n_number, a."aircraftMake", a."aircraftModel", c."highestInjuryLevel", c."totalFatal", c."completionStatus", c.report_url
FROM 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_case_detail.parquet' c LEFT JOIN 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_aircrafts.parquet' a ON a.case_mkey = c."mKey" AND a.position = 1
WHERE c."mKey" IN (SELECT case_mkey FROM case_phases WHERE main = 550)
ORDER BY c."eventDate" DESC, c."ntsbNumber" DESC
```

This list as a web page: https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-phases/550/cases?page=275

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