# NTSB investigations: Landing

NTSB aviation accident and incident investigations since 1962: the probable cause, findings, aircraft, crew, weather and docket of each, linked to the FAA registry and the FAA’s own reports.

Page 276 of 1,075 · 53,703 cases

## Cases, newest first

- [NTSB NYC98LA191](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/NYC98LA191.md): Boeing PT-17 Stearman · So. Charleston, WV · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Sep 22, 1998 · N58095 · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's failure to maintain control of the airplane during landing.
- [NTSB LAX98LA301](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX98LA301.md): Cessna 172F · Long Beach, CA · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Sep 21, 1998 · N8761U · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's misjudging the flare point and failure to maintain an adequate airspeed margin, which resulted in a stall/mush and hard landing. A contributing factor was the dark night conditions.
- [NTSB LAX98LA299](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX98LA299.md): Cessna 185E · Mesa, AZ · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Sep 20, 1998 · N1613M · Substantial damage
  > The failure of the wheel assembly retention nuts and subsequent wheel separation.
- [NTSB FTW98LA403](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/FTW98LA403.md): Cessna 150M · Yukon, OK · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Sep 20, 1998 · N6107K · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's improper landing flare which resulted in a hard landing and her improper recovery procedures for a bounced landing.
- [NTSB SEA98LA183](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/SEA98LA183.md): Piper PA-28-180 · Whidbey Airpark, WA · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Sep 19, 1998 · N33321 · Substantial damage
  > The pilot misjudged her altitude and airspeed. Factors include a wet runway surface and high vegetation off the end of the runway.
- [NTSB NYC98LA190](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/NYC98LA190.md): Cessna 172 · Stow, MA · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Sep 19, 1998 · N1729V · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's improper recovery from a bounced landing. Contributing factors were the pilot's lack of a single engine experience/certification. Also a factor was the flying club's inadequate oversight of pilot qualifications.
- [NTSB IAD98LA109](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/IAD98LA109.md): Russell Rebel · Cadiz, OH · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Sep 19, 1998 · N61538 · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's inadequate compensation for winds.
- [NTSB ANC98LA154](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ANC98LA154.md): Cessna 182D · Fort Yukon, AK · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Sep 19, 1998 · N8874X · Substantial damage
  > A failure of the pilot to maintain the proper glidepath to the landing touch down spot.
- [NTSB MIA98LA248](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/MIA98LA248.md): Piper PA-44-180 · Titusville, FL · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Sep 18, 1998 · N39776 · Substantial damage
  > The collapse of the right main landing gear for undetermined reasons. A contributing factor was the pilot's failure to execute the emergency gear extension procedure.
- [NTSB FTW98LA407](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/FTW98LA407.md): Snow S2C · Bovina, TX · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Sep 18, 1998 · N9492R · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's failure to maintain directional control during the landing roll.
- [NTSB CHI98LA358](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI98LA358.md): Cessna 182K · Eldon, MO · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Sep 18, 1998 · N3054Q · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's not correcting for a porpoise condition during landing roll.
- [NTSB SEA98LA194](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/SEA98LA194.md): Cessna 182B · Big Creek, ID · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Sep 17, 1998 · N7179E · Substantial damage
  > An animal (cow elk) that had wandered onto the airport.
- [NTSB LAX98LA314](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX98LA314.md): Mooney M20C · Reno, NV · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Sep 17, 1998 · N9438V · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's inadequate compensation for the existing crosswind condition, which resulted in a hard landing.
- [NTSB FTW98LA400](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/FTW98LA400.md): Bell 47-G-2 · Ardmore, OK · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Sep 17, 1998 · N1575 · Substantial damage
  > The pilots failure to maintain clearance with terrain and the ensuing loss of control.
- [NTSB CHI98LA350](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI98LA350.md): Piper PA-22-108 · Janesville, WI · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Sep 17, 1998 · N4749Z · Substantial damage
  > the pilot's failure to land the airplane at a proper touchdown point on the runway. A factor was the excessive rate of descent which developed on final approach.
- [NTSB ANC98LA167](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ANC98LA167.md): Piper PA-31-350 · Noorvik, AK · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Sep 17, 1998 · N4112D · Substantial damage
  > A failure of the pilot to follow the aircraft checklist, and an inadvertent wheels up landing.
- [NTSB MIA98LA247](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/MIA98LA247.md): Piper PA-24 · Centre, AL · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Sep 16, 1998 · N7003P · Substantial damage
  > The failure of the pilot to attain the proper touchdown point and his delay in initiating a go-around during a high and fast approach. A factor was the ditch.
- [NTSB ATL98LA126](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ATL98LA126.md): Aeronca 65-TAC (L-3) · Dalton, GA · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Sep 16, 1998 · N39309 · Substantial damage
  > The pilots failure to maintain directional control of the airplane during landing. A factor was the pilot's lack of experience in the same make and model airplane.
- [NTSB NYC98LA187](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/NYC98LA187.md): Ankenbruck Searey · Chippewa Lake, OH · Accident · Minor injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Sep 14, 1998 · N219LJ · Substantial damage
  > Encounter with swells from a boat wake. A factor in the accident was the pilot's inadequate initial training.
- [NTSB SEA98LA180](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/SEA98LA180.md): Taylorcraft BC12-D · Lincoln City, OR · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Sep 13, 1998 · N46TC · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's inadequate remedial action to correct for a crosswind gust. The crosswind gust was a factor.
- [NTSB IAD98LA108](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/IAD98LA108.md): Piper PA-18-150 · Oxford, CT · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Sep 13, 1998 · N7236K · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's inability to maintain directional control during the landing roll due to separation of the tailwheel spring assembly.
- [NTSB FTW98LA398](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/FTW98LA398.md): Piper PA-18-150 · Watkins, CO · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Sep 13, 1998 · N4037E · Substantial damage
  > Gusting winds which blew the aircraft inverted during taxi.
- [NTSB NYC98LA186](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/NYC98LA186.md): Cessna 180 · Lakeshore, MD · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Sep 12, 1998 · N6503A · Substantial damage
  > Failures of the right float's nose wheel do to a preexisting fatigue crack.
- [NTSB ANC98LA148](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ANC98LA148.md): Beech 1900C · St. Mary'S, AK · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Sep 12, 1998 · N1563C · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's failure to follow the aircraft checklist, and an inadvertent wheels up landing. A factor was the pilot's distraction due to a malfunction of the flap system
- [NTSB LAX98LA291](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX98LA291.md): Cessna T210R · Buckeye, AZ · Accident · Minor injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Sep 11, 1998 · N6153U · Substantial damage
  > the pilot's delayed response in recovering from a bounced landing combined with his delayed decision to abort the landing. The pilot's inadequate compensation for tailwind conditions and inadvertently raising the flaps to 10 degrees were factors in this…
- [NTSB ANC98LA147](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ANC98LA147.md): Taylorcraft BC12D · Big Lake, AK · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Sep 11, 1998 · N43140 · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's inadvertent stall/mush.
- [NTSB ANC98LA146](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ANC98LA146.md): Piper PA-18 · Kotzebue, AK · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Sep 11, 1998 · N7682D · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's selection of unsuitable terrain for landing. A factor in the accident was sunglare as the pilot landed into the sun.
- [NTSB ANC98LA150](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ANC98LA150.md): Cessna 207A · Hughes, AK · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Sep 10, 1998 · N7380U · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's inadequate compensation for the wind conditions, and an inadvertent stall. A factor in the accident was the presence of a tail wind.
- [NTSB LAX98LA286](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX98LA286.md): Emroth-Emair MA-1B · Lihue, HI · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Sep 9, 1998 · N88932 · Substantial damage
  > The failure of the pilot to maintain directional control of the aircraft during the landing.
- [NTSB FTW98LA387](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/FTW98LA387.md): Cessna 172M · Englewood, CO · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Sep 8, 1998 · N40SR · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's failure to maintain directional control during landing. Factors were the runway light and the terrain conditions.
- [NTSB ATL98LA123](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ATL98LA123.md): Vertical Concepts Searey · Hiawassee, GA · Accident · Minor injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Sep 7, 1998 · N39CS · Substantial damage
  > The delamination of the hull that resulted in a nose over during landing.
- [NTSB ATL98LA122](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ATL98LA122.md): Cessna 172B · New Port Richey, FL · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Sep 7, 1998 · N8096X · Substantial damage
  > The pilots disregard of the performance capabilities of the airplane, his failure to attain and maintain flying speed, and his exceeding of the airplane's maximum weight.
- [NTSB ANC98LA141](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ANC98LA141.md): Christen Industries A-1 Husky · Selawik, AK · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Sep 7, 1998 · N28973 · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's inadequate compensation for the crosswind conditions. Factors in this accident were a crosswind, the pilot's lack of certification, and his inadequate fuel consumption calculations.
- [NTSB LAX98LA294](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX98LA294.md): Cessna 172L · Bakersfield, CA · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Sep 6, 1998 · N19770 · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's misjudged landing flare that led to an improper bounced landing recovery and subsequent uncontrolled porpoise.
- [NTSB IAD98LA107](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/IAD98LA107.md): Piper PA-28-235 · Schroon Lake, NY · Accident · Minor injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Sep 6, 1998 · N9091W · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's failure to maintain directional control during the landing roll. Contributing factors were the gusty wind conditions and trees.
- [NTSB SEA98LA174](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/SEA98LA174.md): Cessna 180J · Oroville, WA · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Sep 5, 1998 · N52130 · Substantial damage
  > The pilot-in-command's failure to establish and maintain proper alignment.
- [NTSB MIA98LA238](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/MIA98LA238.md): Piper PA-34-200 · St. Augustine, FL · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Sep 5, 1998 · N40805 · Substantial damage
  > The failure of the flight instructor and dual student to ensure the landing gear was extended for landing and their attempted go-around after the aircraft and propellers contacted the runway. This resulted in loss of directional control during the go-around…
- [NTSB CHI98LA333](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI98LA333.md): Cessna 150E · Cadillac, MI · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Sep 5, 1998 · N3031J · Substantial damage
  > the pilot's inadequate evaluation of the wind condition which resulted in landing on the wrong runway. A factor associated with the accident was the tailwind.
- [NTSB ANC98LA139](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ANC98LA139.md): Piper PA-18 · Cordova, AK · Accident · Minor injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Sep 4, 1998 · N8464Y · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's selection of an unsuitable off airport site for landing. A factor associated with the accident was high vegetation (brush and weeds) in the landing area.
- [NTSB FTW98LA382](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/FTW98LA382.md): Cessna T210M · Mcallen, TX · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Sep 2, 1998 · XARIM · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's inadequate compensation for the crosswind resulting in a loss of control. A factor was the crosswind.
- [NTSB ANC98LA134](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ANC98LA134.md): Cessna 185E · Talkeetna, AK · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Sep 1, 1998 · N333DG · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's failure to maintain directional control resulting in a inadvertent ground loop. A contributing factor was the induced pressure on the pilot by a sick passenger.
- [NTSB NYC98LA175](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/NYC98LA175.md): Stubler Taylor Titch · Lock Haven, PA · Accident · Minor injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Aug 31, 1998 · N1924S · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's failure to maintain control of the airplane. A factor in the accident was the pilot's decision to use his left hand to actuate the flap handle located on the right side of the cockpit, while on final and over the runway.
- [NTSB MIA98LA232](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/MIA98LA232.md): Piper PA-34-200 · Daytona Beach, FL · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Aug 31, 1998 · N15541 · Substantial damage
  > The dual-student's attempt to perform a go-around after a reported loss of power in the left engine during landing flare and his failure to relinquish the controls to the instructor when control was lost during the go-around resulting in the aircraft rolling…
- [NTSB FTW98LA414](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/FTW98LA414.md): Pitts S-2B · Sherman, TX · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Aug 31, 1998 · N52TW · Substantial damage
  > The failure of the pilot in command to maintain directional control of the airplane during the landing flare. A factor was the gusty, crosswind condition.
- [NTSB MIA98LA233](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/MIA98LA233.md): Cessna 172F · Spring Hill, FL · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Aug 30, 1998 · N7832U · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's misjudgment of distance and his delay in initiating a go around. Contributing was the pilot's improper landing flare.
- [NTSB IAD98LA104](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/IAD98LA104.md): Piper PA-30 · Dayton, OH · Accident · Serious injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Aug 30, 1998 · N8349Y · Substantial damage
  > the pilot's inadequate recovery from a bounced landing.
- [NTSB CHI98LA346](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI98LA346.md): Needham Glastar · Allison, IA · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Aug 30, 1998 · N37JN · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's failure to maintain adequate airspeed which resulted in an inadvertent stall.
- [NTSB ANC98LA137](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ANC98LA137.md): Piper PA-12 · Chugiak, AK · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Aug 30, 1998 · N3200M · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's inadvertent ground loop of the airplane during the landing roll.
- [NTSB ANC98LA132](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ANC98LA132.md): Cessna 185E · Anchorage, AK · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Aug 30, 1998 · N1987U · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's inadvertent ground loop/swerve. A factor associated with the accident was the pilot's inadequate recovery from a bounced landing.
- [NTSB LAX98LA285](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX98LA285.md): Mohr EAA Biplane P · Gilroy, CA · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Aug 29, 1998 · N883TM · Substantial damage
  > Failure of the pilot to adequately compensate for the existing crosswind.

Next page: https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-phases/550/cases.md?page=277

## The whole list in SQL

Runs in DuckDB 1.2 or later on the release's Parquet files over HTTPS:

```sql
WITH phase_names(main, name) AS (VALUES (100, 'Prior to flight'), (150, 'Standing'), (200, 'Pushback/towing'), (250, 'Taxi'), (300, 'Takeoff'), (350, 'Initial climb'), (400, 'Enroute'), (450, 'Maneuvering'), (500, 'Approach'), (550, 'Landing'), (600, 'Emergency descent'), (650, 'Uncontrolled descent'), (700, 'Post-impact'), (750, 'After landing'), (800, 'Other'), (990, 'Unknown')),
  crosswalk(code, main, name) AS (VALUES (500, 150, 'Standing'), (501, 150, 'Standing - pre-flight'), (502, 150, 'Standing - starting engine(s)'), (503, 150, 'Standing - engine(s) operating'), (504, 150, 'Standing - engine(s) not operating'), (505, 150, 'Standing - idling rotors'), (510, 250, 'Taxi'), (511, 200, 'Taxi - pushback/tow'), (512, 250, 'Taxi - to takeoff'), (513, 250, 'Taxi - from landing'), (514, 250, 'Taxi - aerial'), (520, 300, 'Takeoff'), (521, 300, 'Takeoff - roll/run'), (522, 350, 'Takeoff - initial climb'), (523, 300, 'Takeoff - aborted'), (530, 400, 'Climb'), (531, 400, 'Climb - to cruise'), (540, 400, 'Cruise'), (541, 400, 'Cruise - normal'), (542, 400, 'Maneuvering - holding (IFR)'), (550, 400, 'Descent'), (551, 400, 'Descent - normal'), (552, 600, 'Descent - emergency'), (553, 650, 'Descent - uncontrolled'), (560, 500, 'Approach'), (561, 500, 'Approach - VFR pattern - downwind'), (562, 500, 'Approach - VFR pattern - base turn'), (563, 500, 'Approach - VFR pattern - base leg/base to final'), (564, 500, 'Approach - VFR pattern - final approach'), (565, 500, 'Go-around (VFR)'), (566, 500, 'Approach - IAF to FAF/outer marker (IFR)'), (567, 500, 'Approach - FAF/outer marker to threshold (IFR)'), (568, 500, 'Circling (IFR)'), (569, 500, 'Missed approach (IFR)'), (570, 550, 'Landing'), (571, 550, 'Landing - flare/touchdown'), (572, 550, 'Landing - roll'), (573, 550, 'Landing - aborted'), (574, 550, 'Emergency landing'), (575, 550, 'Emergency landing after takeoff'), (576, 600, 'Emergency descent/landing'), (580, 450, 'Maneuvering'), (581, 450, 'Maneuvering - aerial application'), (582, 450, 'Maneuvering - turn to reverse direction'), (583, 450, 'Maneuvering - turn to landing area (emergency)'), (590, 450, 'Hover'), (591, 450, 'Hover - in ground effect'), (592, 450, 'Hover - out of ground effect'), (600, 800, 'Other'), (610, 990, 'Unknown')),
  current_codes AS (
    SELECT e.case_mkey, TRY_CAST(e."tier1Number" AS INTEGER) AS code,
      row_number() OVER (PARTITION BY e.case_mkey ORDER BY coalesce(e."isDefiningEvent", false) DESC, e.position) AS n
    FROM 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_events.parquet' e
    WHERE e.aircrafts_position = 1 AND e."tier1Number" GLOB '[1-9][0-9]*'
      AND (e."isDefiningEvent" OR e.case_mkey IN (SELECT "mKey" FROM 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_case_detail.parquet' WHERE "isPre1982"))
  ),
  phases AS (
    SELECT case_mkey, 'current' AS scheme, code, CASE WHEN code >= 990 THEN 990 ELSE code // 50 * 50 END AS main
    FROM current_codes WHERE n = 1
    UNION ALL
    SELECT o.case_mkey, 'older', o."phaseOfFlightCode", w.main
    FROM 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_occurrences.parquet' o JOIN crosswalk w ON w.code = o."phaseOfFlightCode"
    WHERE o.aircrafts_position = 1 AND o."occurrenceNumber" = 1 AND o.case_mkey NOT IN (SELECT case_mkey FROM current_codes)
  ),
  case_phases AS (
    SELECT p.*, c."eventDate", c."highestInjuryLevel" = 'Fatal' AS fatal, a.aircraft_model_code
    FROM phases p JOIN 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_case_detail.parquet' c ON c."mKey" = p.case_mkey
    LEFT JOIN 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_aircrafts.parquet' a ON a.case_mkey = p.case_mkey AND a.position = 1
    WHERE c."eventDate" >= DATE '1962-01-01' AND p.main IN (SELECT main FROM phase_names)
  )
SELECT c."ntsbNumber", c."eventDate", c."eventType", c."eventCity", c."eventStateOrRegion", a.n_number, a."aircraftMake", a."aircraftModel", c."highestInjuryLevel", c."totalFatal", c."completionStatus", c.report_url
FROM 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_case_detail.parquet' c LEFT JOIN 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_aircrafts.parquet' a ON a.case_mkey = c."mKey" AND a.position = 1
WHERE c."mKey" IN (SELECT case_mkey FROM case_phases WHERE main = 550)
ORDER BY c."eventDate" DESC, c."ntsbNumber" DESC
```

This list as a web page: https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-phases/550/cases?page=276

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