# NTSB investigations: Landing

NTSB aviation accident and incident investigations since 1962: the probable cause, findings, aircraft, crew, weather and docket of each, linked to the FAA registry and the FAA’s own reports.

Page 277 of 1,075 · 53,703 cases

## Cases, newest first

- [NTSB IAD98LA105](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/IAD98LA105.md): Balloon Works Firefly 7 · Freehold, NJ · Accident · Serious injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Aug 29, 1998 · N9067F · No damage
  > The passenger's failure to secure himself during landing.
- [NTSB NYC98LA176](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/NYC98LA176.md): Cessna 182Q · Bingham, ME · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Aug 28, 1998 · N735PS · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's inattention to changing wind conditions, and lack of correction for the change. A factor in the accident was the damp grass runway.
- [NTSB MIA98LA257](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/MIA98LA257.md): Piper PA-32-300 · Opa Locka, FL · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Aug 28, 1998 · N44295 · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's improper remedial action in recovering from a bounced landing resulting in a stall, and his incorrect recovery from a pilot induced oscillation (PIO) condition. A factor was the pilot's failure to execute a timely go-around maneuver.
- [NTSB ANC98LA133](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ANC98LA133.md): Piper PA-22 · Arctic Village, AK · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Aug 28, 1998 · N3100Z · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's delayed action to abort the landing. Factors associated with the accident were a tail wind, and rising terrain.
- [NTSB SEA98LA171](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/SEA98LA171.md): Dornbos BD-4 · Kent, WA · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Aug 26, 1998 · N91LJ · Substantial damage
  > Directional control was not maintained by the pilot in command.
- [NTSB SEA98FA170](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/SEA98FA170.md): Cessna 172L · Anacortes, WA · Accident · 1 fatal · Field investigation · Final report · Aug 26, 1998 · N1069M · Substantial damage
  > Terrain clearance was not maintained. A low ceiling and the pilot's inadequate in-flight planning/decision were factors.
- [NTSB CHI98LA345](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI98LA345.md): Piper PA-23-250 · Grosse Ile, MI · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Aug 26, 1998 · N33MP · Substantial damage
  > the pilot in command (CFI)'s diverted attention and his failure to select landing gear extension.
- [NTSB IAD98LA102](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/IAD98LA102.md): Cessna 185 · Westport, MA · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Aug 25, 1998 · N114LS · Substantial damage
  > The flight instructor's failure to maintain control of the airplane and his delayed decision to go-around. Factors related to the accident were the flight instructor's improper inflight decision to land downwind and his inadequate compensation for wind.
- [NTSB NYC98LA174](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/NYC98LA174.md): Piper PA-34-200T · Middlesboro, KY · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Aug 24, 1998 · N525WA · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's misjudgment of distance and speed, which resulted in runway overrun into a grass area where the gear collapsed. The tailwind was a contributing factor.
- [NTSB ATL98LA111](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ATL98LA111.md): Cessna 150 · Athens, GA · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Aug 24, 1998 · N704HU · Substantial damage
  > The student pilot's failure to maintain directional control during land roll out that resulted in the on ground collision.
- [NTSB ANC98LA136](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ANC98LA136.md): Cessna 170A · North Pole, AK · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Aug 24, 1998 · N9754A · Substantial damage
  > The student pilot's inadvertent ground loop/swerve during the landing roll.
- [NTSB NYC98LA171](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/NYC98LA171.md): Grumman American AA-1B · Marston Mills, MA · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Aug 23, 1998 · N9933L · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's improper landing flare and his delayed go-around.
- [NTSB CHI98LA327](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI98LA327.md): Cessna 310B · Breezy Point, MN · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Aug 23, 1998 · N310X · Substantial damage
  > the pilot's improper flare of the airplane, and his not maintaining control of the airplane.
- [NTSB IAD98LA098](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/IAD98LA098.md): Cessna 150L · Cumberland, MD · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Aug 22, 1998 · N7513G · Substantial damage
  > The pilot in command's improper recovery from a bounced landing.
- [NTSB FTW98LA370](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/FTW98LA370.md): Piper PA-28-180 · Hurricane, UT · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Aug 22, 1998 · N4760L · Substantial damage
  > The pilot inadvertently inducing a porpoise oscillation, and his failure to maintain directional control. A factor was the excessive landing airspeed.
- [NTSB CHI98LA329](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI98LA329.md): Piper PA-28-180 · Lapaz, IN · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Aug 22, 1998 · N3331R · Substantial damage
  > the pilot's inadequate preflight planning which resulted in landing on unsuitable terrain (wet, grass). Factors associated with the accident were the wet grass and the fence.
- [NTSB ANC98LA130](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ANC98LA130.md): Ayres S2R-1820 · Palmer, AK · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Aug 22, 1998 · N123GA · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's failure to maintain adequate terrain clearance.
- [NTSB LAX98LA274](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX98LA274.md): Robinson R22B · Ramona, CA · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Aug 21, 1998 · N2335Q · Substantial damage
  > The failure of the pilot to maintain rotor rpm while practicing autorotations and subsequent hard landing and roll over.
- [NTSB CHI98LA326](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI98LA326.md): Cessna 150B · Lamar, MO · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Aug 21, 1998 · N1239Y · Substantial damage
  > inadequate lubrication of the torque plate holes and torque pins by the mechanic who performed the airplane's last annual inspection.
- [NTSB LAX98LA270](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX98LA270.md): Silvaire Luscombe 8F · Tucson, AZ · Accident · Serious injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Aug 19, 1998 · N1616Z · Destroyed
  > The pilot's selection of the wrong runway for the wind conditions, his inadequate compensation for the existing quartering tailwind condition, and, his failure to maintain directional control.
- [NTSB ANC98LA126](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ANC98LA126.md): Piper PA-18-150 · Cordova, AK · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Aug 19, 1998 · N7099Y · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's selection of an unsuitable landing area. A factor associated with the accident was grass covered rocks.
- [NTSB LAX98LA276](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX98LA276.md): Piper PA-28-140 · Henderson, NV · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Aug 17, 1998 · N291HA · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's inadequate compensation for the existing wind conditions and his failure to maintain directional control.
- [NTSB CHI98LA317](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI98LA317.md): Beech C23 · North Platte, NE · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Aug 17, 1998 · N6756C · Substantial damage
  > the pilot's not compensating for wind conditions and failure to maintain control of the aircraft. A factor was the crosswind.
- [NTSB LAX98LA266](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX98LA266.md): Piper PA-20 · Rio Vista, CA · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Aug 16, 1998 · N1540A · Substantial damage
  > Failure of the pilot to adequately compensate for the existing wind condition and maintain directional control on rollout.
- [NTSB FTW98LA373](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/FTW98LA373.md): Cessna 182L · St. George, UT · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Aug 16, 1998 · N42631 · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's failure to maintain control of the airplane. Factors were excessive airspeed and allowing the airplane to porpoise with subsequent loss of directional control.
- [NTSB FTW98LA360](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/FTW98LA360.md): Cessna 170 · Boulder, CO · Accident · Minor injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Aug 16, 1998 · N2574V · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's intentional ground loop and his inadequate compensation for the wind condition. A contributng factor was crosswinds.
- [NTSB SEA98LA167](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/SEA98LA167.md): Cessna 180 · Anaconda, MT · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Aug 15, 1998 · N9115C · Substantial damage
  > A ground-loop resulting from the pilot's inadequate remedial action while attempting to correct for an inadvertent loss of directional control during the landing roll. Factors include the loss of directional control and attempting to land with a tailwind.
- [NTSB SEA98LA165](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/SEA98LA165.md): Aeronca 7BCM · Vancouver, WA · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Aug 15, 1998 · N83803 · Substantial damage
  > The pilots inadequate remedial action, while attempting to recover from an inadvertent activation of the brakes, during the landing-roll. Factors include the inadvertent brake activation and the rough/uneven runway.
- [NTSB NYC98LA199](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/NYC98LA199.md): Balloon Works Firefly AX-9 · Brookhaven, NY · Accident · Serious injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Aug 15, 1998 · N3141C · No damage
  > The failure of the passenger to comply with the pilot briefing, and properly brace herself for landing.
- [NTSB CHI98LA340](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI98LA340.md): Cessna 172N · Traverse City, MI · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Aug 15, 1998 · N6172D · Substantial damage
  > the inadvertent stall/mush. Factors contributing to this accident were the pilot's improper compensation for the wind conditions, and his excessively high flare.
- [NTSB CHI98LA318](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI98LA318.md): Whetzel Thorpe T-18 · Rantoul, IL · Accident · Minor injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Aug 15, 1998 · N60LW · Substantial damage
  > the pilot not maintaining directional control. Factors were crops and encounter with unsuitable terrain.
- [NTSB CHI98LA316](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI98LA316.md): Wakely DR-107 · Stanton, MN · Accident · Minor injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Aug 15, 1998 · N207TW · Substantial damage
  > the pilot's misjudging recovery from a bounced landing. Factors were the partial failure of the propeller and a crop field.
- [NTSB CHI98LA315](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI98LA315.md): Piper PA-28-151 · Redwood Falls, MN · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Aug 15, 1998 · N4576F · Substantial damage
  > the pilot's not following proper short field landing procedures.
- [NTSB ATL98LA114](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ATL98LA114.md): Piper PA-22-150 · Paris, TN · Accident · Minor injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Aug 15, 1998 · N9721D · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's improper landing flare that resulted in an overload failure of the left main landing gear.
- [NTSB ANC98LA122](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ANC98LA122.md): Boeing 737-400 · Juneau, AK · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Aug 14, 1998 · N799AS · Substantial damage
  > The flight crew's inadequate recovery from a bounced landing.
- [NTSB SEA98LA162](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/SEA98LA162.md): Cessna T337E · Hillsboro, OR · Accident · Minor injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Aug 13, 1998 · N78SC · Substantial damage
  > The disengagement of the pilot seat forward and aft movement locking pin, followed by the pilot's seat sliding to the rear of the seat track.
- [NTSB FTW98LA369](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/FTW98LA369.md): Piper PA-34-200T · Blanding, UT · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Aug 13, 1998 · N6935C · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's inadequate landing flare, causing components of the nose wheel landing gear to fracture.
- [NTSB SEA98LA168](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/SEA98LA168.md): Cessna 140 · Battleground, WA · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Aug 12, 1998 · N77017 · Substantial damage
  > Nose Over for undetermined reasons.
- [NTSB ANC98LA120](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ANC98LA120.md): Piper PA-31-350 · Fort Yukon, AK · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Aug 12, 1998 · N3527U · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's failure to follow the pre-landing checklist. A factor associated with the accident was the pilot's diverted attention.
- [NTSB CHI98LA325](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI98LA325.md): Cessna 120 · Benton, KS · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Aug 11, 1998 · N76884 · Substantial damage
  > the pilot's inadvertant excessive use of the toe brakes during the landing roll.
- [NTSB ATL98LA110](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ATL98LA110.md): Taylorcraft BC12-D · Thomasville, GA · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Aug 10, 1998 · N96175 · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's poor in-flight decision to attempt a forced landing in a field 2 miles from an airport, leading to an on-ground collision with rough terrain. A factor was the pilot's physiological need.
- [NTSB ANC98LA119](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ANC98LA119.md): Piper PA-22 · Copper Center, AK · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Aug 9, 1998 · N2447P · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's selection of an unsuitable off-airport landing site. A factor associated with the accident is rough and uneven terrain.
- [NTSB MIA98LA223](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/MIA98LA223.md): Mitsubishi MU-2 · Miami, FL · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Aug 8, 1998 · N110GC · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's failure to use a checklist and ensure that the landing gear was down and locked during approach to landing.
- [NTSB ANC98LA118](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ANC98LA118.md): Piper PA-18A · Dillingham, AK · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Aug 8, 1998 · N2FD · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's inadvertent ground loop during the landing roll. A factor associated with the accident is a crosswind.
- [NTSB SEA98LA158](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/SEA98LA158.md): Cessna 182 · Yellowpine, ID · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Aug 7, 1998 · N6437A · Substantial damage
  > Right main landing gear spring strut fatigue, improper maintenance, and subsequent separation of the strut end.
- [NTSB NYC98LA163](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/NYC98LA163.md): Cessna 172P · West Milford, NJ · Accident · Minor injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Aug 7, 1998 · N116FR · Substantial damage
  > The student pilot's improper recovery from a bounced landing and the instructor's inadequate supervision of the flight.
- [NTSB FTW98LA375](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/FTW98LA375.md): Beech D95A · Albuquerque, NM · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Aug 7, 1998 · N924JL · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's inadvertent raising of the landing gear during landing rollout
- [NTSB FTW98LA348](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/FTW98LA348.md): Cessna 172N · Broomfield, CO · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Aug 7, 1998 · N118FP · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's improper remedial action after making a hard landing and porpoising. A factor was his lack of total experience.
- [NTSB ATL98LA106](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ATL98LA106.md): Cessna 170 · Pell City, AL · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Aug 7, 1998 · N9968A · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's improper use of the flight controls during a crosswind landing and the improper recovery from a bounce resulted in the collapse of the right main landing gear. A factor was the right crosswind.
- [NTSB ATL98LA104](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ATL98LA104.md): Cessna 172 · Ocean Isle Bch, NC · Accident · Minor injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Aug 6, 1998 · N4103F · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's inadequate inflight planning that resulted in excessive airspeed and altitude for a full stop landing.

Next page: https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-phases/550/cases.md?page=278

## The whole list in SQL

Runs in DuckDB 1.2 or later on the release's Parquet files over HTTPS:

```sql
WITH phase_names(main, name) AS (VALUES (100, 'Prior to flight'), (150, 'Standing'), (200, 'Pushback/towing'), (250, 'Taxi'), (300, 'Takeoff'), (350, 'Initial climb'), (400, 'Enroute'), (450, 'Maneuvering'), (500, 'Approach'), (550, 'Landing'), (600, 'Emergency descent'), (650, 'Uncontrolled descent'), (700, 'Post-impact'), (750, 'After landing'), (800, 'Other'), (990, 'Unknown')),
  crosswalk(code, main, name) AS (VALUES (500, 150, 'Standing'), (501, 150, 'Standing - pre-flight'), (502, 150, 'Standing - starting engine(s)'), (503, 150, 'Standing - engine(s) operating'), (504, 150, 'Standing - engine(s) not operating'), (505, 150, 'Standing - idling rotors'), (510, 250, 'Taxi'), (511, 200, 'Taxi - pushback/tow'), (512, 250, 'Taxi - to takeoff'), (513, 250, 'Taxi - from landing'), (514, 250, 'Taxi - aerial'), (520, 300, 'Takeoff'), (521, 300, 'Takeoff - roll/run'), (522, 350, 'Takeoff - initial climb'), (523, 300, 'Takeoff - aborted'), (530, 400, 'Climb'), (531, 400, 'Climb - to cruise'), (540, 400, 'Cruise'), (541, 400, 'Cruise - normal'), (542, 400, 'Maneuvering - holding (IFR)'), (550, 400, 'Descent'), (551, 400, 'Descent - normal'), (552, 600, 'Descent - emergency'), (553, 650, 'Descent - uncontrolled'), (560, 500, 'Approach'), (561, 500, 'Approach - VFR pattern - downwind'), (562, 500, 'Approach - VFR pattern - base turn'), (563, 500, 'Approach - VFR pattern - base leg/base to final'), (564, 500, 'Approach - VFR pattern - final approach'), (565, 500, 'Go-around (VFR)'), (566, 500, 'Approach - IAF to FAF/outer marker (IFR)'), (567, 500, 'Approach - FAF/outer marker to threshold (IFR)'), (568, 500, 'Circling (IFR)'), (569, 500, 'Missed approach (IFR)'), (570, 550, 'Landing'), (571, 550, 'Landing - flare/touchdown'), (572, 550, 'Landing - roll'), (573, 550, 'Landing - aborted'), (574, 550, 'Emergency landing'), (575, 550, 'Emergency landing after takeoff'), (576, 600, 'Emergency descent/landing'), (580, 450, 'Maneuvering'), (581, 450, 'Maneuvering - aerial application'), (582, 450, 'Maneuvering - turn to reverse direction'), (583, 450, 'Maneuvering - turn to landing area (emergency)'), (590, 450, 'Hover'), (591, 450, 'Hover - in ground effect'), (592, 450, 'Hover - out of ground effect'), (600, 800, 'Other'), (610, 990, 'Unknown')),
  current_codes AS (
    SELECT e.case_mkey, TRY_CAST(e."tier1Number" AS INTEGER) AS code,
      row_number() OVER (PARTITION BY e.case_mkey ORDER BY coalesce(e."isDefiningEvent", false) DESC, e.position) AS n
    FROM 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_events.parquet' e
    WHERE e.aircrafts_position = 1 AND e."tier1Number" GLOB '[1-9][0-9]*'
      AND (e."isDefiningEvent" OR e.case_mkey IN (SELECT "mKey" FROM 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_case_detail.parquet' WHERE "isPre1982"))
  ),
  phases AS (
    SELECT case_mkey, 'current' AS scheme, code, CASE WHEN code >= 990 THEN 990 ELSE code // 50 * 50 END AS main
    FROM current_codes WHERE n = 1
    UNION ALL
    SELECT o.case_mkey, 'older', o."phaseOfFlightCode", w.main
    FROM 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_occurrences.parquet' o JOIN crosswalk w ON w.code = o."phaseOfFlightCode"
    WHERE o.aircrafts_position = 1 AND o."occurrenceNumber" = 1 AND o.case_mkey NOT IN (SELECT case_mkey FROM current_codes)
  ),
  case_phases AS (
    SELECT p.*, c."eventDate", c."highestInjuryLevel" = 'Fatal' AS fatal, a.aircraft_model_code
    FROM phases p JOIN 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_case_detail.parquet' c ON c."mKey" = p.case_mkey
    LEFT JOIN 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_aircrafts.parquet' a ON a.case_mkey = p.case_mkey AND a.position = 1
    WHERE c."eventDate" >= DATE '1962-01-01' AND p.main IN (SELECT main FROM phase_names)
  )
SELECT c."ntsbNumber", c."eventDate", c."eventType", c."eventCity", c."eventStateOrRegion", a.n_number, a."aircraftMake", a."aircraftModel", c."highestInjuryLevel", c."totalFatal", c."completionStatus", c.report_url
FROM 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_case_detail.parquet' c LEFT JOIN 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_aircrafts.parquet' a ON a.case_mkey = c."mKey" AND a.position = 1
WHERE c."mKey" IN (SELECT case_mkey FROM case_phases WHERE main = 550)
ORDER BY c."eventDate" DESC, c."ntsbNumber" DESC
```

This list as a web page: https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-phases/550/cases?page=277

---
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