# NTSB investigations: Landing

NTSB aviation accident and incident investigations since 1962: the probable cause, findings, aircraft, crew, weather and docket of each, linked to the FAA registry and the FAA’s own reports.

Page 279 of 1,075 · 53,703 cases

## Cases, newest first

- [NTSB CHI98LA268](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI98LA268.md): Schweizer SGS 2-33A · Indianapolis, IN · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jul 12, 1998 · N17901 · Substantial damage
  > the delayed in-flight decision of the pilot in command to take control of the aircraft and the proper airspeed not obtained/maintained by the pilot in command which resulted in a stall. A factor to the accident was the runway light.
- [NTSB IAD98LA114](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/IAD98LA114.md): Let Blanik L-13 · Hammonton, NJ · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jul 11, 1998 · N49CC · Substantial damage
  > Improper maintenance, which resulted in an over-pressurized landing gear.
- [NTSB CHI98LA246](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI98LA246.md): Cessna 182L · Mackinac Island, MI · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jul 10, 1998 · N42184 · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's failure to attain a stabilized approach and a touchdown point. The factors contributing to the accident were the pilot in command's improper use of flaps and his not performing a go-around. An additional factor was the pilot in command not using…
- [NTSB ATL98LA096](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ATL98LA096.md): Piper PA-28R-201 · Vero Beach, FL · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jul 10, 1998 · N1493H · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's improper flare which resulted in a hard landing.
- [NTSB SEA98LA129](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/SEA98LA129.md): Cessna 150 · Oregon City, OR · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jul 7, 1998 · N6417T · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's improper flare.
- [NTSB LAX98LA231](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX98LA231.md): Cessna 182RG · Cameron Park, CA · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jul 7, 1998 · N4825R · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's decision to initiate a turn to exit the runway at an excessive rate of speed.
- [NTSB NYC98LA139](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/NYC98LA139.md): Ross RV6A · Hunter, NY · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jul 6, 1998 · N67KH · Substantial damage
  > the pilot's inadequate compensation for wind conditions, and failure to maintain directional control of the airplane. The gusty/variable wind condition was a related factor.
- [NTSB FTW98LA311](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/FTW98LA311.md): Cessna 172N · Yoakum, TX · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jul 6, 1998 · N5103D · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's inadequate compensation for the crosswind resulting in a loss of control. A factor was the crosswind.
- [NTSB FTW98LA298](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/FTW98LA298.md): North American AT-6G · Longmont, CO · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jul 5, 1998 · N8399H · Substantial damage
  > The partial failure of the tail wheel steering system due to improper maintenance and the subsequent inadvertent ground loop during the landing sequence. Factors were the airport taxiway sign and the subsequent failure of the left main landing gear.
- [NTSB FTW98LA341](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/FTW98LA341.md): Cessna T210K · Del Norte, CO · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jul 4, 1998 · N8132G · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's improper touchdown point for landing. Factors were the high density altitude, the downhill sloping runway, and the ditch off the end of the runway.
- [NTSB CHI98LA237](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI98LA237.md): Cessna 172M · Chesterfield, MO · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jul 4, 1998 · N2XC · Substantial damage
  > the pilot's not obtaining and maintaining directional control. A factor was wet terrain (grass).
- [NTSB ATL98LA093](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ATL98LA093.md): Lane Progressive Aerodyne Searey · Windermere, FL · Accident · Serious injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jul 4, 1998 · N26RL · Substantial damage
  > The inadequate design of the landing gear switch by the builder which allowed an inadvertent activation of the landing gear switch, leading to a gear extension during a water landing.
- [NTSB SEA98LA117](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/SEA98LA117.md): Cessna 182N · Big Creek, ID · Accident · Minor injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jul 3, 1998 · N92519 · Substantial damage
  > Directional control was not maintained. A wet runway surface was a factor.
- [NTSB SEA98LA118](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/SEA98LA118.md): Dassault Mystere Falcon 900 · Hamilton, MT · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jul 2, 1998 · N900CS · Substantial damage
  > Partial failure of the anti-skid brake system due to contamination.
- [NTSB FTW98LA308](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/FTW98LA308.md): Piper PA-20-160 · Kemmerer, WY · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jul 2, 1998 · N8933D · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's failure to maintain directional control of the airplane, resulting in a ground loop. A factor was the pilot's lack of experience in a conventional landing gear type of airplane.
- [NTSB CHI98LA234](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI98LA234.md): American AA-1TW · Point Lookout, MO · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jul 1, 1998 · N5643L · Substantial damage
  > the failure of the tailwheel assembly due to corrosion. A factor associated with the accident was the overload failure of the right main landing gear.
- [NTSB CHI98LA231](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI98LA231.md): Kerr Startduster TOO · Bay City, MI · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jul 1, 1998 · N159MK · Substantial damage
  > the pilot's failure to assure the tailwheel tire had adequate pressure which resulted in his inability to maintain directional control of the airplane during a landing. Factors associated with the accident were the inadequate pressure and the uneven terrain…
- [NTSB ATL98LA089](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ATL98LA089.md): Piper PA-28-161 · Homestead, FL · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jul 1, 1998 · N4331M · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's improper flare that resulted in a hard landing and porpoise, and his improper recovery from the bounced landing.
- [NTSB ANC98LA090](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ANC98LA090.md): Cessna 206G · Aleknagik, AK · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jul 1, 1998 · N456TA · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's failure to attain a proper touchdown point during landing. A factor associated with the accident is the presence of a variable wind condition, and the pilot's decision not to perform a go-around.
- [NTSB ANC98LA089](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ANC98LA089.md): Cessna 185E · Iliamna, AK · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jul 1, 1998 · N4574F · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's inadequate compensation for crosswind conditions. Factors associated with the accident were a crosswind and the pilot's lack of recent experience in a tailwheel airplane.
- [NTSB SEA98LA114](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/SEA98LA114.md): Cessna 182P · Chico Hot Spgs., MT · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jun 29, 1998 · N1878M · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's inadequate remedial action while attempting to compensate for a change in crosswind velocity. Factors include a crosswind, hills near the runway, and high vegetation (weeds) near the runway.
- [NTSB LAX98LA217](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX98LA217.md): Aeronca Chief 65-CA · Phoenix, AZ · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jun 29, 1998 · N34482 · Substantial damage
  > The failure of the pilot to maintain directional control of the aircraft during the landing rollout.
- [NTSB LAX98LA216](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX98LA216.md): Cessna 180H · Ocotillo Wells, CA · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jun 29, 1998 · N4803E · Substantial damage
  > Failure of the left main landing gear due to a probable hard landing at an undetermined time.
- [NTSB CHI98LA228](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI98LA228.md): Cessna 172N · Stone Lake, WI · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jun 29, 1998 · N6596D · Substantial damage
  > the lack of effective braking due to hydroplaning. Contributing factors to the accident were the trees off the end of the runway that made a go-around not possible and the ditch off the end of the runway.
- [NTSB SEA98LA112](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/SEA98LA112.md): Aviat Husky A-1 · Triple R Ranch, MT · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jun 28, 1998 · N7XJ · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's misjudgment of distance and his failure to initiate a go-around. A factor was the high density altitude.
- [NTSB NYC98LA137](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/NYC98LA137.md): Cessna 152 · Pottstown, PA · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jun 28, 1998 · N25858 · Substantial damage
  > The student pilot's excessive application of the right brake, resulting in a ground loop.
- [NTSB LAX98LA215](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX98LA215.md): Zimmerman Kitfox 4-1200 · Fountain Hills, AZ · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jun 27, 1998 · N75MZ · Substantial damage
  > The failure of the pilot to maintain directional control during the landing roll in a crosswind.
- [NTSB CHI98LA282](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI98LA282.md): Cessna 310R · Cahokia, IL · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jun 27, 1998 · N4249C · Substantial damage
  > The collapse of the left main landing gear during landing roll for undetermined reasons.
- [NTSB CHI98LA229](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI98LA229.md): Aeronca 7BCM · Portland, ND · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jun 27, 1998 · N6035V · Substantial damage
  > the pilot's not maintaining directional control. Factors were landing on a roadway and tall grass.
- [NTSB ANC98LA085](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ANC98LA085.md): Lockheed L-382G · Huslia, AK · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jun 26, 1998 · N402LC · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's failure to maintain proper alignment of the airplane during the landing roll.
- [NTSB SEA98LA110](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/SEA98LA110.md): Aeronca 7-AC · Thompson Falls, MT · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jun 25, 1998 · N82834 · Substantial damage
  > The instructor's inadequate remedial action with the application of excessive brake pressure.
- [NTSB NYC98LA134](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/NYC98LA134.md): Cessna 172 · Westminster, MD · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jun 24, 1998 · N6640H · Substantial damage
  > the pilot's misjudgment of distance and speed during the approach/landing, and his delay in initiating a go-around. The quartering tailwind was a related factor.
- [NTSB NYC98LA133](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/NYC98LA133.md): Cessna 170B · Oneonta, NY · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jun 24, 1998 · N3493C · Destroyed
  > The separation of the left rudder cable. A factor was chafing of the cable.
- [NTSB ATL98LA085](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ATL98LA085.md): Stroud SKY Bolt · Mocksville, NC · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jun 23, 1998 · N2951S · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's loss of directional control during landing roll when the front seat occupant inadvertently got his foot 'jammed' between the strut bungee and the rudder/brake peddle. A factor was the inadequate design of the rudder/brake peddle system.
- [NTSB ANC98LA084](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ANC98LA084.md): Beech A-35 · Skagway, AK · Accident · Minor injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jun 23, 1998 · N575B · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's inadequate in-flight planning/decision to ensure the rudder pedals were locked in an operable position.
- [NTSB FTW98LA282](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/FTW98LA282.md): Beech B19 · Frisco, TX · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jun 21, 1998 · N5110R · Substantial damage
  > The student pilot's improper landing flare which resulted in a hard larding. Factors were the inadequate supervision of the flight by the flight instructor and the high winds.
- [NTSB CHI98LA215](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI98LA215.md): Cessna 172P · Grays Lake, IL · Accident · Minor injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jun 21, 1998 · N99548 · Substantial damage
  > the pilot's not performing a recovery from a bounced landing and his not maintaining directional control. A factor was soft terrain.
- [NTSB CHI98LA210](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI98LA210.md): Cessna 180A · Bay City, MI · Accident · Minor injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jun 21, 1998 · N9753B · Substantial damage
  > a fatigue failure of the left nose gear caster bolt which resulted in a separation of the nose gear during landing.
- [NTSB ANC98LA080](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ANC98LA080.md): Cessna 185F · Chitina, AK · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jun 21, 1998 · N80596 · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's selection of unsuitable terrain for landing. Factors in the accident were uneven and soft terrain on the landing strip.
- [NTSB SEA98LA107](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/SEA98LA107.md): Aeronca 7AC · Murphy, ID · Accident · Minor injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jun 20, 1998 · N8030P · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's decision to initiate an aborted landing at an airport where, due to the high density altitude, his aircraft was unable to outclimb the rising terrain that surrounded airport. Factors include a high density altitude and crosswinds.
- [NTSB NYC98LA198](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/NYC98LA198.md): Cessna CE-500 · Fishers Island, NY · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jun 20, 1998 · N41SH · Substantial damage
  > An intermittent short in the right wheel anti-skid system which caused a loss of braking and subsequent overrun.
- [NTSB LAX98LA206](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX98LA206.md): Cessna 182 · Markleeville, CA · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jun 20, 1998 · N2772F · Substantial damage
  > The failure of the pilot to maintain control of the aircraft on the landing roll. A factor is the pilot's neglect to lower the flaps and reduce his speed prior to landing.
- [NTSB FTW98LA277](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/FTW98LA277.md): Cessna 180 · Albuquerque, NM · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jun 20, 1998 · N3196D · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's failure to maintain control of the aircraft during landing roll. A factor was crosswind.
- [NTSB ANC98LA082](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ANC98LA082.md): Cessna 185E · Anchorage, AK · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jun 20, 1998 · N85CF · Substantial damage
  > The rotation/slippage of the right main tire on the wheel rim, resulting in shearing of the tire tube valve stem, and subsequent tire deflation. Factors in the accident were oversize, tundra tires operated on a dry, asphalt runway surface.
- [NTSB MIA98LA184](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/MIA98LA184.md): Progressive Aerodyne Stingray · Lake Tarpon, FL · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jun 19, 1998 · N6277K · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's failure to insure that the landing gear was in the up-and-locked position prior to the water landing.
- [NTSB CHI98LA254](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI98LA254.md): Cessna 172P · Abilene, KS · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jun 19, 1998 · N9786L · Substantial damage
  > The student pilot's failure to plan his approach so as to be able to stop the airplane on the runway, and the instructor pilot's delay in taking control of the airplane, so as to correct the student's mistake. A factor contributing to this accident was the…
- [NTSB LAX98LA205](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX98LA205.md): Offord KR-2 · San Diego, CA · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jun 18, 1998 · N687RL · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's failure to attain/maintain adequate airspeed during an attempted go-around.
- [NTSB FTW98LA280](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/FTW98LA280.md): Bellanca 17-30A · Shreveport, LA · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jun 18, 1998 · N4038B · Substantial damage
  > The collapsed nose gear as a result of failure of the nose gear locking mechanism.
- [NTSB CHI98LA207](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI98LA207.md): Lake LA4-200 · Peshtigo, WI · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jun 17, 1998 · N80026 · Substantial damage
  > the pilot misjudged the flare and inadvertently dragged the right sponson in the water. A factor was the pilot's lack of experience in the make and model aircraft.
- [NTSB CHI98LA206](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI98LA206.md): Parker Rotorway 162-F · Manchester, IN · Accident · Minor injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jun 17, 1998 · N311RM · Substantial damage
  > the pilot misjudged the flare.

Next page: https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-phases/550/cases.md?page=280

## The whole list in SQL

Runs in DuckDB 1.2 or later on the release's Parquet files over HTTPS:

```sql
WITH phase_names(main, name) AS (VALUES (100, 'Prior to flight'), (150, 'Standing'), (200, 'Pushback/towing'), (250, 'Taxi'), (300, 'Takeoff'), (350, 'Initial climb'), (400, 'Enroute'), (450, 'Maneuvering'), (500, 'Approach'), (550, 'Landing'), (600, 'Emergency descent'), (650, 'Uncontrolled descent'), (700, 'Post-impact'), (750, 'After landing'), (800, 'Other'), (990, 'Unknown')),
  crosswalk(code, main, name) AS (VALUES (500, 150, 'Standing'), (501, 150, 'Standing - pre-flight'), (502, 150, 'Standing - starting engine(s)'), (503, 150, 'Standing - engine(s) operating'), (504, 150, 'Standing - engine(s) not operating'), (505, 150, 'Standing - idling rotors'), (510, 250, 'Taxi'), (511, 200, 'Taxi - pushback/tow'), (512, 250, 'Taxi - to takeoff'), (513, 250, 'Taxi - from landing'), (514, 250, 'Taxi - aerial'), (520, 300, 'Takeoff'), (521, 300, 'Takeoff - roll/run'), (522, 350, 'Takeoff - initial climb'), (523, 300, 'Takeoff - aborted'), (530, 400, 'Climb'), (531, 400, 'Climb - to cruise'), (540, 400, 'Cruise'), (541, 400, 'Cruise - normal'), (542, 400, 'Maneuvering - holding (IFR)'), (550, 400, 'Descent'), (551, 400, 'Descent - normal'), (552, 600, 'Descent - emergency'), (553, 650, 'Descent - uncontrolled'), (560, 500, 'Approach'), (561, 500, 'Approach - VFR pattern - downwind'), (562, 500, 'Approach - VFR pattern - base turn'), (563, 500, 'Approach - VFR pattern - base leg/base to final'), (564, 500, 'Approach - VFR pattern - final approach'), (565, 500, 'Go-around (VFR)'), (566, 500, 'Approach - IAF to FAF/outer marker (IFR)'), (567, 500, 'Approach - FAF/outer marker to threshold (IFR)'), (568, 500, 'Circling (IFR)'), (569, 500, 'Missed approach (IFR)'), (570, 550, 'Landing'), (571, 550, 'Landing - flare/touchdown'), (572, 550, 'Landing - roll'), (573, 550, 'Landing - aborted'), (574, 550, 'Emergency landing'), (575, 550, 'Emergency landing after takeoff'), (576, 600, 'Emergency descent/landing'), (580, 450, 'Maneuvering'), (581, 450, 'Maneuvering - aerial application'), (582, 450, 'Maneuvering - turn to reverse direction'), (583, 450, 'Maneuvering - turn to landing area (emergency)'), (590, 450, 'Hover'), (591, 450, 'Hover - in ground effect'), (592, 450, 'Hover - out of ground effect'), (600, 800, 'Other'), (610, 990, 'Unknown')),
  current_codes AS (
    SELECT e.case_mkey, TRY_CAST(e."tier1Number" AS INTEGER) AS code,
      row_number() OVER (PARTITION BY e.case_mkey ORDER BY coalesce(e."isDefiningEvent", false) DESC, e.position) AS n
    FROM 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_events.parquet' e
    WHERE e.aircrafts_position = 1 AND e."tier1Number" GLOB '[1-9][0-9]*'
      AND (e."isDefiningEvent" OR e.case_mkey IN (SELECT "mKey" FROM 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_case_detail.parquet' WHERE "isPre1982"))
  ),
  phases AS (
    SELECT case_mkey, 'current' AS scheme, code, CASE WHEN code >= 990 THEN 990 ELSE code // 50 * 50 END AS main
    FROM current_codes WHERE n = 1
    UNION ALL
    SELECT o.case_mkey, 'older', o."phaseOfFlightCode", w.main
    FROM 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_occurrences.parquet' o JOIN crosswalk w ON w.code = o."phaseOfFlightCode"
    WHERE o.aircrafts_position = 1 AND o."occurrenceNumber" = 1 AND o.case_mkey NOT IN (SELECT case_mkey FROM current_codes)
  ),
  case_phases AS (
    SELECT p.*, c."eventDate", c."highestInjuryLevel" = 'Fatal' AS fatal, a.aircraft_model_code
    FROM phases p JOIN 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_case_detail.parquet' c ON c."mKey" = p.case_mkey
    LEFT JOIN 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_aircrafts.parquet' a ON a.case_mkey = p.case_mkey AND a.position = 1
    WHERE c."eventDate" >= DATE '1962-01-01' AND p.main IN (SELECT main FROM phase_names)
  )
SELECT c."ntsbNumber", c."eventDate", c."eventType", c."eventCity", c."eventStateOrRegion", a.n_number, a."aircraftMake", a."aircraftModel", c."highestInjuryLevel", c."totalFatal", c."completionStatus", c.report_url
FROM 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_case_detail.parquet' c LEFT JOIN 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_aircrafts.parquet' a ON a.case_mkey = c."mKey" AND a.position = 1
WHERE c."mKey" IN (SELECT case_mkey FROM case_phases WHERE main = 550)
ORDER BY c."eventDate" DESC, c."ntsbNumber" DESC
```

This list as a web page: https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-phases/550/cases?page=279

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