# NTSB investigations: Landing

NTSB aviation accident and incident investigations since 1962: the probable cause, findings, aircraft, crew, weather and docket of each, linked to the FAA registry and the FAA’s own reports.

Page 281 of 1,075 · 53,703 cases

## Cases, newest first

- [NTSB SEA98LA079](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/SEA98LA079.md): Air Tractor AT-301 · Idaho Falls, ID · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · May 19, 1998 · N4326S · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's inadequate inflight decision to land with a tailwind and his failure to maintain aircraft control. Also contributing was the pilot's improper setting of the fuel mixture which resulted in a partial loss of engine power.
- [NTSB SEA98LA075](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/SEA98LA075.md): Cessna 170 · Auburn, WA · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · May 17, 1998 · N2534V · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's inadequate compensation for gusty crosswind conditions. A related factor was gusty crosswinds.
- [NTSB FTW98LA231](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/FTW98LA231.md): Balloon Works Firefly 7-B · Longmont, CO · Accident · Serious injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · May 17, 1998 · N1527M · No damage
  > The pilot's failure to properly position his foot for a high wind landing. Factors were high winds and windshear.
- [NTSB FTW98LA228](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/FTW98LA228.md): Aeronca 65-C · Ozark, AR · Accident · Minor injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · May 17, 1998 · N23548 · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's failure to maintain aircraft control.
- [NTSB FTW98LA220](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/FTW98LA220.md): Cessna 172P · Monument Valley, UT · Accident · Minor injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · May 17, 1998 · N65759 · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's failure to maintain directional control of the aircraft during landing. Factors were gusty, crosswind conditions, the pilot's lack of experience in type of operation and geographic area, mountainous terrain, and high density altitude.
- [NTSB FTW98LA219](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/FTW98LA219.md): Cessna 172M · Albuquerque, NM · Accident · Minor injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · May 17, 1998 · N64015 · Destroyed
  > The flight instructor's failure to maintain directional control of the aircraft. Factors were crosswind, high wind conditions, insufficient demonstrated crosswind component information provided by the manufacturer, and insufficient aircraft…
- [NTSB ANC98LA051](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ANC98LA051.md): Cessna 182A · Palmer, AK · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · May 17, 1998 · N4827D · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's failure to abort the landing. A factor associated with the accident is the presence of a variable wind condition.
- [NTSB LAX98LA160](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX98LA160.md): Robinson R22B · San Jose, CA · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · May 16, 1998 · N2332G · Substantial damage
  > The student pilot's failure to maintain adequate rotor rpm, and the flight instructor's inadequate supervision of the flight.
- [NTSB IAD98LA069](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/IAD98LA069.md): Cessna 182L · Marlborough, MA · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · May 16, 1998 · N42770 · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's improper flare. A related factor was the crosswind.
- [NTSB FTW98LA218](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/FTW98LA218.md): Grumman-Schweizer G-164B · Dumas, AR · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · May 16, 1998 · N6656K · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's improper activation of the parking brake.
- [NTSB CHI98LA163](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI98LA163.md): Butler Tool RAF 2000 · Rensselaer, IN · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · May 16, 1998 · N4062H · Substantial damage
  > the pilot excessively flared the gyroplane during the landing.
- [NTSB ANC98LA047](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ANC98LA047.md): Cessna A185F · Talkeetna, AK · Accident · Minor injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · May 16, 1998 · N1473F · Substantial damage
  > The pilot selected the wrong runway and intentionally ground looped to stop the airplane. Related factors were the tailwind and whiteout conditions.
- [NTSB FTW98LA230](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/FTW98LA230.md): Cessna 180 · Abilene, TX · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · May 15, 1998 · N4775B · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's improper compensation for the crosswind conditions resulting in a ground loop. A factor was the crosswind condition.
- [NTSB CHI98LA166](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI98LA166.md): Enstrom F28 · West Chicago, IL · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · May 14, 1998 · N86238 · Substantial damage
  > the student pilot attempting a tailwind landing and improper compensation for the wind resulting in too high of a sink rate and the hard landing.
- [NTSB IAD98LA058](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/IAD98LA058.md): Piper PA-22-135 · Winchester, VA · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · May 13, 1998 · N1142C · Substantial damage
  > Improper flare. A related factor was the pilot's diverted attention.
- [NTSB LAX98LA155](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX98LA155.md): Beech A23-24 · Holbrook, AZ · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · May 12, 1998 · N6092N · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's failure to maintain directional control during a go-around after encountering a gust of wind.
- [NTSB IAD98LA057](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/IAD98LA057.md): Hughes 269A · Alexandria Bay, NY · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · May 12, 1998 · N8045H · Substantial damage
  > Failure of the pilot to maintain rotor rpm during practice autorotation, and the flight instructor's inadequate supervision.
- [NTSB IAD98LA056](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/IAD98LA056.md): Grumman G-44 · Cleveland, OH · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · May 12, 1998 · N1AS · Substantial damage
  > Failure of the pilot to extend the landing gear. A related factor was the diverted attention.
- [NTSB CHI98LA148](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI98LA148.md): Cessna 150K · Clarkston, MI · Accident · Serious injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · May 12, 1998 · N5876G · Substantial damage
  > the pilot selected unsuitable terrain on which to make the precautionary landing due to weather. Factors associated with the accident were the fog, low ceiling, poor in-flight planning, the precautionary landing, the loose wet gravel on which the…
- [NTSB FTW98LA214](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/FTW98LA214.md): Stinson 108-1 · Salt Lake City, UT · Accident · Minor injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · May 10, 1998 · N8178K · Destroyed
  > The pilot's inadequate compensation for winds while taxing. A factor was gusty, high wind conditions.
- [NTSB ATL98LA075](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ATL98LA075.md): Cessna 310Q · Lafayette, GA · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · May 8, 1998 · N310DR · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's improper flare during landing. Factors were the pilot's lack of familiarity with the airplane and the crosswind condition.
- [NTSB ANC98LA045](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ANC98LA045.md): Piper PA-18-150 · Fairbanks, AK · Accident · Minor injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · May 7, 1998 · N7468D · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's failure to maintain directional control and his inadequate compensation for wind conditions. A factor was the gusting crosswind.
- [NTSB IAD98LA052](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/IAD98LA052.md): Cessna 150 · Wadsworth, OH · Accident · Serious injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · May 6, 1998 · N21971 · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's failure to maintain adequate airspeed during an aborted landing which resulted in an inadvertent stall/spin.
- [NTSB ATL98LA072](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ATL98LA072.md): Cessna 172P · Key West, FL · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · May 3, 1998 · N54743 · Substantial damage
  > failure of the student pilot to maintain directional control of the airplane during the landing roll. The student pilot's lack of experience in the make and model of airplane was a related factor.
- [NTSB FTW98LA209](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/FTW98LA209.md): Bellanca 8GCBC · Usaf Academy, CO · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · May 2, 1998 · N5043N · Substantial damage
  > The pilot exceeding the airplane's crosswind component, and his failure to maintain directional control. Factors were the crosswind and gusts.
- [NTSB FTW98LA207](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/FTW98LA207.md): Schrack Starduster TOO · Hilltop Lakes, TX · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · May 1, 1998 · N5462 · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's failure to obtain/maintain the proper descent rate which resulted in a hard landing.
- [NTSB FTW98LA200](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/FTW98LA200.md): Piper PA-24-400 · Jackson, WY · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · May 1, 1998 · N8536P · Substantial damage
  > the pilot's misjudgment of distance and speed, while approaching to land; his failure to attain a proper touchdown point for landing; and his failure to go around, while there was sufficient runway remaining. A related factor was the uneven terrain, which was…
- [NTSB FTW98LA226](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/FTW98LA226.md): Cessna 210A · Weatherford, TX · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Apr 29, 1998 · N9466X · Substantial damage
  > The restricted movement of the elevator control system by a bolt.
- [NTSB CHI98LA137](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI98LA137.md): Cessna 305 · Fredricktown, MO · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Apr 29, 1998 · N201FM · Substantial damage
  > the pilot's failure to maintain aircraft control after landing. Factors contributing to this accident were the embankment, and the soft, muddy soil making up the embankment.
- [NTSB LAX98LA146](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX98LA146.md): Robinson R-22 Beta · Sacramento, CA · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Apr 28, 1998 · N805EH · Substantial damage
  > the CFI's failure to follow procedures and directives, and the use of an improper technique to transition from an autorotative descent to a hover, which exceeded the aircraft's performance capabilities and resulted in a unplanned hard landing. The soft…
- [NTSB ATL98LA065](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ATL98LA065.md): Schweizer 269C · San Juan, PR · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Apr 27, 1998 · N61193 · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's failure to adequately secure the cargo strap which became entangled in the tail rotor, leading to a loss of the tail rotor control. This was followed by an improperly executed emergency procedure and an in-flight collision with the ground. A…
- [NTSB SEA98LA067](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/SEA98LA067.md): Piper PA-20 · Arlington, WA · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Apr 26, 1998 · N7458K · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's failure to maintain directional control during the landing roll, and his delayed remedial action when the aircraft started to drift off the side of the runway.
- [NTSB MIA98LA146](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/MIA98LA146.md): Cessna 172RG · Greenville, SC · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Apr 26, 1998 · N9769B · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's use of full flaps while landing in a strong crosswind resulting in loss of directional control during the landing roll.
- [NTSB MIA98LA145](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/MIA98LA145.md): Piper PA-23-250 · Fruitland Park, FL · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Apr 26, 1998 · N154CH · Substantial damage
  > the pilot's failure to attain the proper rate of descent at touchdown.
- [NTSB LAX98LA143](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX98LA143.md): Cessna 172M · Henderson, NV · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Apr 26, 1998 · N64006 · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's decision to attempt a landing in crosswind conditions at or above the demonstrated capability of the aircraft, and his subsequent failure to maintain proper runway alignment.
- [NTSB LAX98LA142](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX98LA142.md): Beech C23 · Tulare, CA · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Apr 26, 1998 · N9144S · Substantial damage
  > The malfunction of the nose wheel steering for undetermined reasons.
- [NTSB MIA98LA148](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/MIA98LA148.md): Bell 206L-1 · Orlando, FL · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Apr 25, 1998 · N60WJ · Substantial damage
  > failure of the flight crew to maintain main rotor RPM during a landing touchdown, which resulted in the main rotor blades contacting the tailboom.
- [NTSB MIA98LA143](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/MIA98LA143.md): Orlando Heli Air TR-2000 · Lakeland, FL · Accident · Minor injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Apr 25, 1998 · N202TR · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's failure to obtain the proper touch down point (landed left of runway) on landing.
- [NTSB FTW98LA240](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/FTW98LA240.md): Cessna 172P · La Porte, TX · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Apr 25, 1998 · N52188 · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's premature landing flare and improper recovery procedures from a bounced landing. A factor was the gusty winds.
- [NTSB FTW98LA197](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/FTW98LA197.md): Rockwell 690B · Broomfield, CO · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Apr 24, 1998 · N690ES · Substantial damage
  > Failure of the flight instructor to maintain adequate supervision, and failure of the pilot receiving instruction to maintain directional control that was lost for reasons undetermined. A factor was the concrete culvert.
- [NTSB FTW98LA195](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/FTW98LA195.md): Bell 206B · Jasper, TX · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Apr 24, 1998 · N108RL · Substantial damage
  > the pilot's encounter with a dynamic rollover after the toe of the left skid became caught on a trailer, while attempting to land the trailer. A related factor was: the pilot's perception of pressure, which was induced by a need to perform a scheduled…
- [NTSB MIA98LA147](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/MIA98LA147.md): Waco 10 GXE · Americus, GA · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Apr 23, 1998 · N903H · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's failure to maintain directional control and his improper compensation for wind. Contributing was a crosswind.
- [NTSB LAX98LA150](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX98LA150.md): Pitts S-2B · Greenfield, CA · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Apr 23, 1998 · N6027V · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's failure to maintain directional control. A related factor was the proximity of high brush located on both sides of the runway.
- [NTSB MIA98LA139](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/MIA98LA139.md): Beech 58 · Tampa, FL · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Apr 20, 1998 · N338CB · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's failure to maintain runway alignment during touchdown.
- [NTSB MIA98LA138](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/MIA98LA138.md): Kaas Express · Lakeland, FL · Accident · Minor injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Apr 20, 1998 · N12EX · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's failure to maintain directional control during landing flare/touchdown.
- [NTSB LAX98LA139](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX98LA139.md): Bell 206B · Grand Canyon, AZ · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Apr 20, 1998 · N8533F · Substantial damage
  > The malfunction and erratic speed control of the engine's governor, and the flight instructor's delayed remedial action.
- [NTSB CHI98LA133](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI98LA133.md): Maule MXT-7-108A · Orland, IN · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Apr 20, 1998 · N327PF · Substantial damage
  > the pilot's misjudged landing flare and improper recovery from a bounced landing.
- [NTSB ANC98LA039](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ANC98LA039.md): Stinson 108-2 · Chugiak, AK · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Apr 18, 1998 · N134C · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's selection of an unsuitable, slush-covered, runway for landing. A factor was the slush-covered runway.
- [NTSB CHI98LA132](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI98LA132.md): Stinson 108-1 · Tecumseh, MI · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Apr 17, 1998 · N97876 · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's inadequate compensation for wind conditions, and his failure to maintain directional control. A contributing factors were wind gusts and crosswind.
- [NTSB ANC98LA038](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ANC98LA038.md): Grumman G-21 · Dutch Harbor, AK · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Apr 15, 1998 · N22932 · Substantial damage
  > The pilot-in-command's failure to identify the swells prior to landing. A factor was the water swells.

Next page: https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-phases/550/cases.md?page=282

## The whole list in SQL

Runs in DuckDB 1.2 or later on the release's Parquet files over HTTPS:

```sql
WITH phase_names(main, name) AS (VALUES (100, 'Prior to flight'), (150, 'Standing'), (200, 'Pushback/towing'), (250, 'Taxi'), (300, 'Takeoff'), (350, 'Initial climb'), (400, 'Enroute'), (450, 'Maneuvering'), (500, 'Approach'), (550, 'Landing'), (600, 'Emergency descent'), (650, 'Uncontrolled descent'), (700, 'Post-impact'), (750, 'After landing'), (800, 'Other'), (990, 'Unknown')),
  crosswalk(code, main, name) AS (VALUES (500, 150, 'Standing'), (501, 150, 'Standing - pre-flight'), (502, 150, 'Standing - starting engine(s)'), (503, 150, 'Standing - engine(s) operating'), (504, 150, 'Standing - engine(s) not operating'), (505, 150, 'Standing - idling rotors'), (510, 250, 'Taxi'), (511, 200, 'Taxi - pushback/tow'), (512, 250, 'Taxi - to takeoff'), (513, 250, 'Taxi - from landing'), (514, 250, 'Taxi - aerial'), (520, 300, 'Takeoff'), (521, 300, 'Takeoff - roll/run'), (522, 350, 'Takeoff - initial climb'), (523, 300, 'Takeoff - aborted'), (530, 400, 'Climb'), (531, 400, 'Climb - to cruise'), (540, 400, 'Cruise'), (541, 400, 'Cruise - normal'), (542, 400, 'Maneuvering - holding (IFR)'), (550, 400, 'Descent'), (551, 400, 'Descent - normal'), (552, 600, 'Descent - emergency'), (553, 650, 'Descent - uncontrolled'), (560, 500, 'Approach'), (561, 500, 'Approach - VFR pattern - downwind'), (562, 500, 'Approach - VFR pattern - base turn'), (563, 500, 'Approach - VFR pattern - base leg/base to final'), (564, 500, 'Approach - VFR pattern - final approach'), (565, 500, 'Go-around (VFR)'), (566, 500, 'Approach - IAF to FAF/outer marker (IFR)'), (567, 500, 'Approach - FAF/outer marker to threshold (IFR)'), (568, 500, 'Circling (IFR)'), (569, 500, 'Missed approach (IFR)'), (570, 550, 'Landing'), (571, 550, 'Landing - flare/touchdown'), (572, 550, 'Landing - roll'), (573, 550, 'Landing - aborted'), (574, 550, 'Emergency landing'), (575, 550, 'Emergency landing after takeoff'), (576, 600, 'Emergency descent/landing'), (580, 450, 'Maneuvering'), (581, 450, 'Maneuvering - aerial application'), (582, 450, 'Maneuvering - turn to reverse direction'), (583, 450, 'Maneuvering - turn to landing area (emergency)'), (590, 450, 'Hover'), (591, 450, 'Hover - in ground effect'), (592, 450, 'Hover - out of ground effect'), (600, 800, 'Other'), (610, 990, 'Unknown')),
  current_codes AS (
    SELECT e.case_mkey, TRY_CAST(e."tier1Number" AS INTEGER) AS code,
      row_number() OVER (PARTITION BY e.case_mkey ORDER BY coalesce(e."isDefiningEvent", false) DESC, e.position) AS n
    FROM 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_events.parquet' e
    WHERE e.aircrafts_position = 1 AND e."tier1Number" GLOB '[1-9][0-9]*'
      AND (e."isDefiningEvent" OR e.case_mkey IN (SELECT "mKey" FROM 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_case_detail.parquet' WHERE "isPre1982"))
  ),
  phases AS (
    SELECT case_mkey, 'current' AS scheme, code, CASE WHEN code >= 990 THEN 990 ELSE code // 50 * 50 END AS main
    FROM current_codes WHERE n = 1
    UNION ALL
    SELECT o.case_mkey, 'older', o."phaseOfFlightCode", w.main
    FROM 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_occurrences.parquet' o JOIN crosswalk w ON w.code = o."phaseOfFlightCode"
    WHERE o.aircrafts_position = 1 AND o."occurrenceNumber" = 1 AND o.case_mkey NOT IN (SELECT case_mkey FROM current_codes)
  ),
  case_phases AS (
    SELECT p.*, c."eventDate", c."highestInjuryLevel" = 'Fatal' AS fatal, a.aircraft_model_code
    FROM phases p JOIN 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_case_detail.parquet' c ON c."mKey" = p.case_mkey
    LEFT JOIN 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_aircrafts.parquet' a ON a.case_mkey = p.case_mkey AND a.position = 1
    WHERE c."eventDate" >= DATE '1962-01-01' AND p.main IN (SELECT main FROM phase_names)
  )
SELECT c."ntsbNumber", c."eventDate", c."eventType", c."eventCity", c."eventStateOrRegion", a.n_number, a."aircraftMake", a."aircraftModel", c."highestInjuryLevel", c."totalFatal", c."completionStatus", c.report_url
FROM 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_case_detail.parquet' c LEFT JOIN 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_aircrafts.parquet' a ON a.case_mkey = c."mKey" AND a.position = 1
WHERE c."mKey" IN (SELECT case_mkey FROM case_phases WHERE main = 550)
ORDER BY c."eventDate" DESC, c."ntsbNumber" DESC
```

This list as a web page: https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-phases/550/cases?page=281

---
OpenAirDocs.org is an independent research project of [Contrail Labs](https://contraillabs.com/). It is not affiliated with the FAA or the NTSB. Source documents are U.S. government works in the public domain.