# NTSB investigations: Landing

NTSB aviation accident and incident investigations since 1962: the probable cause, findings, aircraft, crew, weather and docket of each, linked to the FAA registry and the FAA’s own reports.

Page 282 of 1,075 · 53,703 cases

## Cases, newest first

- [NTSB MIA98LA132](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/MIA98LA132.md): Cessna 150M · Gainesboro, TN · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Apr 14, 1998 · N704HL · Substantial damage
  > The student pilot's improper flare during landing.
- [NTSB FTW98LA184](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/FTW98LA184.md): Cessna 182N · Albuquerque, NM · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Apr 14, 1998 · N9008G · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's failure to attain the proper touchdown point during landing, resulting in an overrun, and his exceeding the airplane's maximum crosswind component. A factor was the gusty crosswind.
- [NTSB IAD98LA045](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/IAD98LA045.md): Cessna 172N · Stevensville, MD · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Apr 12, 1998 · N734MN · Substantial damage
  > the pilot's improper flare, improper recover from a bounced landing, and failure to maintain directional control.
- [NTSB FTW98LA181](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/FTW98LA181.md): Waxenfelter Thorp T-18 · Morrilton, AR · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Apr 12, 1998 · N18WX · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's failure to maintain directional control during landing roll.
- [NTSB ANC98LA037](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ANC98LA037.md): Enstrom F-28F · Haines, AK · Accident · Minor injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Apr 12, 1998 · N199LB · Substantial damage
  > The pilot flaring too low during an improper practice autorotation.
- [NTSB SEA98LA063](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/SEA98LA063.md): Hughes 269A · Emmett, ID · Accident · 1 fatal · Limited investigation · Final report · Apr 10, 1998 · N5161E · Destroyed
  > The instructor pilot's failure to maintain the proper rate of descent on landing. Factors were a sudden wind shift, the instructor pilot's lack of recent experience, and terrain drop-off.
- [NTSB FTW98LA180](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/FTW98LA180.md): Cessna A152 · Brigham City, UT · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Apr 10, 1998 · N758YT · Substantial damage
  > failure of the pilot to maintain directional control of the airplane during a touch and go landing. Related factors were: the pilot allowed his attention to be diverted into the cockpit for an excessive amount of time, and the encounter with a ditch.
- [NTSB SEA98LA061](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/SEA98LA061.md): Cessna 180 · Redmond, OR · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Apr 9, 1998 · N2933C · Substantial damage
  > The passenger-pilot's excessive rate of descent during touchdown. Factors include the pilot-in-command's inadequate recovery from a hard/bounced landing, the passenger-pilot's failure to execute a go-around after taking control of the aircraft, and gusty…
- [NTSB SEA98IA060](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/SEA98IA060.md): Cessna 150L · Seattle, WA · Incident · Minor injuries · Incident investigation · Final report · Apr 9, 1998 · N39AA · Minor damage
  > The pilot's failure to reposition the flaps to the 20 degree position during a go-around, as called for in the Pilot's Operating Handbook. Factors include the pilot's decision to land long behind a departing aircraft, an encounter with wake turbulence during…
- [NTSB MIA98LA127](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/MIA98LA127.md): Schweizer 269-C · Ormond Beach, FL · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Apr 8, 1998 · N7509E · Substantial damage
  > The CFI's inadequate supervision and poor communication which led the rated student pilot to roll the throttle off, and the CFI's subsequent failure to apply forward cyclic to increase airspeed which resulted in the subsequent hard landing and roll over.
- [NTSB LAX98LA201](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX98LA201.md): Cessna 172N · Santa Barbara, CA · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Apr 8, 1998 · N6417J · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's misjudging the landing flare and subsequent hard landing.
- [NTSB LAX98LA133](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX98LA133.md): Cessna TR182 · Maricopa, CA · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Apr 7, 1998 · N5460T · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's misjudgment of the wind direction and speed, and, his inadequate compensation for those conditions. A factor in the accident was the short runway length, which limited the pilot's time to attempt a go-around.
- [NTSB MIA98LA125](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/MIA98LA125.md): Piper PA-34-200T · Fort Lauderdale, FL · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Apr 6, 1998 · N8269A · Substantial damage
  > The failure of the O-rings in the landing gear hydraulic cylinder.
- [NTSB LAX98LA132](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX98LA132.md): Bellanca BL17-30A · Prescott, AZ · Accident · Minor injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Apr 6, 1998 · N125SU · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's failure to attain directional control after swerving off the runway and impacting a ditch.
- [NTSB FTW98TA174](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/FTW98TA174.md): Bellanca 7GCBC · Mcalester, OK · Accident · No injuries · Final report · Apr 5, 1998 · N53739 · Substantial damage
  > the pilot's inadequate compensation for the gusty crosswinds, during recovery from a bounced landing; and his failure to maintain directional control during a go-around. Related factors were: the wind conditions, and a subsequent encounter with of a fence and…
- [NTSB FTW98LA172](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/FTW98LA172.md): Piper PA-28-161 · Marietta, OK · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Apr 5, 1998 · N8124H · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's failure to maintain directional control during landing. A factor was the pilot's lack of total experience in the make and model of aircraft.
- [NTSB CHI98LA115](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI98LA115.md): Piper PA-28-161 · Lafayette, IN · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Apr 4, 1998 · N537PU · Substantial damage
  > the student pilot's failure to adequately compensate for the gusty wind conditions during landing. A factor was the gusty wind conditions.
- [NTSB ANC98LA035](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ANC98LA035.md): Piper PA-18 · Talkeetna, AK · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Apr 4, 1998 · N4320Z · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's selection of unsuitable terrain for landing. Factors in the accident were snow covered terrain, and a hidden obstruction.
- [NTSB NYC98LA088](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/NYC98LA088.md): Ramseyer Tierra II · Wooster, OH · Accident · Serious injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Apr 3, 1998 · N63250 · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's failure to maintain airspeed during the landing approach. A factor in this accident was the pilot's lack of experience in make and model.
- [NTSB MIA98LA123](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/MIA98LA123.md): Cessna 402B · West Palm Beach, FL · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Apr 3, 1998 · N400AR · Substantial damage
  > the pilot allowed the airplane to improperly touchdown on the right main landing gear, resulting in the gear collapsing, and subsequent impact with runway visual range equipment.
- [NTSB NYC98LA087](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/NYC98LA087.md): Piper PA-28-180 · Warren, PA · Accident · Serious injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Apr 2, 1998 · N44181 · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's failure to obtain the proper touchdown point.
- [NTSB SEA98LA058](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/SEA98LA058.md): Cessna 195A · Bend, OR · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Apr 1, 1998 · N1069D · Substantial damage
  > Separation by fracture of the left main gear leg, as the result of fatigue cracks that initiated in corrosion pits on the gear leg surface.
- [NTSB SEA98LA057](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/SEA98LA057.md): Aeronca 7-EC · Glendive, MT · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Apr 1, 1998 · N4382C · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's delayed remedial action and his inadvertent entry into a ground loop.
- [NTSB FTW98LA166](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/FTW98LA166.md): Cessna 172F · Fort Collins, CO · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Mar 31, 1998 · N7894U · Substantial damage
  > the pilot's improper in flight planning/decision in electing to land with a known 30 knot tailwind. Factors were high winds and a tailwind.
- [NTSB NYC98LA086](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/NYC98LA086.md): Globe Swift · Milton, DE · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Mar 30, 1998 · N10JN · Substantial damage
  > improper flare by the pilot, which resulted in a hard landing.
- [NTSB MIA98LA116](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/MIA98LA116.md): Piper PA-18-135 · Myrtle Beach, SC · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Mar 30, 1998 · N2150A · Substantial damage
  > the pilot-in-command's failure to maintain directional control after landing.
- [NTSB LAX98LA130](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX98LA130.md): Cessna 150A · Apple Valley, CA · Accident · Minor injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Mar 30, 1998 · N6640T · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's selection of an unsuitable landing area.
- [NTSB ANC98LA032](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ANC98LA032.md): Aerospatiale AS-350B · Soldotna, AK · Accident · Minor injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Mar 30, 1998 · N158EH · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's inadvertent dynamic rollover while performing a slope landing. Factors associated with the accident are the presence of rough and uneven terrain, and the pilot's improper slope landing technique.
- [NTSB NYC98LA082](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/NYC98LA082.md): Cessna 172P · Plainville, CT · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Mar 29, 1998 · N9821L · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's inadequate crosswind compensation.
- [NTSB ATL98LA061](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ATL98LA061.md): Piper PA-22 · Hampton, GA · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Mar 29, 1998 · N1846A · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's failure to maintain directional control during a full stop landing roll.
- [NTSB NYC98LA084](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/NYC98LA084.md): Cessna 140 · Linden, NJ · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Mar 28, 1998 · N2229V · Substantial damage
  > The pilot in commands improper recovery from a bounced landing.
- [NTSB IAD98LA040](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/IAD98LA040.md): Piper PA-32-300 · Red Hook, NY · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Mar 28, 1998 · N31699 · Substantial damage
  > inadequate compensation for the crosswind by the pilot, and his failure to maintain directional control during the landing. Related factors were: the gusty crosswind condition, and high vegetation that was encountered after departing the runway.
- [NTSB NYC98LA085](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/NYC98LA085.md): Balloon Works Firefly 8B-15 · Elk Garden, VA · Accident · Serious injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Mar 27, 1998 · N31226 · Substantial damage
  > the pilot's improper weather evaluation. The gusty wind condition was a related factor.
- [NTSB MIA98LA109](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/MIA98LA109.md): Mooney M20J · Daytona Beach, FL · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Mar 27, 1998 · N192ER · Substantial damage
  > the student's failure to maintain control of the airplane, and the CFI's inadequate supervision. A factor was that the CFI allowed the airplane's sink rate to get excessive during the approach.
- [NTSB SEA98LA053](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/SEA98LA053.md): Cessna 150G · Hailey, ID · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Mar 26, 1998 · N3719J · Substantial damage
  > A fractured nosewheel steering linkage bolt, which permitted the nosewheel steering linkage to become disconnected, and the student pilot's subsequent failure to restore directional control by use of differential wheel braking.
- [NTSB LAX98LA145](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX98LA145.md): Duskin Rans S-14 · Hemet, CA · Accident · Minor injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Mar 26, 1998 · N22LD · Destroyed
  > the pilot's loss of aircraft control during landing, and his physical impairment from a blood alcohol level of 0.07 percent 2 hours following the accident.
- [NTSB CHI98LA113](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI98LA113.md): Cessna 310R · Sioux Falls, SD · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Mar 26, 1998 · N3700G · Substantial damage
  > the pilot's failure to extend the landing gear for landing. Factors associated with the accident were: the crosswind, and the pilot not following his normal habit pattern of lowering the landing gear on base leg.
- [NTSB MIA98LA108](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/MIA98LA108.md): Great Lakes 2T-1A-2 · Pierson, FL · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Mar 25, 1998 · N3751F · Substantial damage
  > the pilot's failure to note the windsock before touchdown which resulted in a downwind landing, and the pilot's improper elevator control. Factors were the tailwind and the pilot's complacency.
- [NTSB FTW98LA164](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/FTW98LA164.md): Grumman-Schweizer G-164B · Tuckerman, AR · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Mar 25, 1998 · N6720K · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's failure to maintain aircraft control. Factors were the wet and soft runway conditions.
- [NTSB SEA98LA051](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/SEA98LA051.md): Piper PA-22 · Kalispell, MT · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Mar 24, 1998 · N1770A · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's failure to maintain adequate crosswind correction during landing. A factor was a crosswind.
- [NTSB ANC98LA030](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ANC98LA030.md): Cessna 185E · Anchorage, AK · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Mar 24, 1998 · N1987U · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's inadequate compensation for crosswind conditions during landing. A factor was the crosswind.
- [NTSB SEA98LA049](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/SEA98LA049.md): Cessna 177A · Laurel, MT · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Mar 23, 1998 · N177MT · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's excessive descent rate on final, and improper recovery from a bounced landing.
- [NTSB CHI98LA108](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI98LA108.md): Air Tractor AT-401 · Steele, MO · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Mar 23, 1998 · N1524H · Substantial damage
  > the pilot failed to maintain an adequate visual lookout. A factor was the pile of gravel in the taxiway.
- [NTSB NYC98LA081](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/NYC98LA081.md): Cessna 172M · Weyers Cave, VA · Accident · Minor injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Mar 22, 1998 · N80512 · Substantial damage
  > the pilot's inadequate compensation for crosswind conditions and failure to maintain directional control of the airplane during the landing roll, which resulted in an encounter with a fence on uneven terrain and a nose over.
- [NTSB FTW98LA153](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/FTW98LA153.md): Globe GC-1B · Lancaster, TX · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Mar 21, 1998 · N80556 · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's failure to extend the landing gear.
- [NTSB CHI98LA111](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI98LA111.md): Luscombe 8E · Jeffersonville, IN · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Mar 21, 1998 · N2648K · Substantial damage
  > the pilot's failure to maintain directional control. The crosswind was a factor.
- [NTSB ANC98LA028](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ANC98LA028.md): Cessna 170B · Dillingham, AK · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Mar 21, 1998 · N3179B · Substantial damage
  > The pilot-in-command's decision to relinquish controls to the student pilot in the left seat during practice landings, and the pilot-in-command's failure to maintain directional control. A factor contributing to this accident was the pilot-in-command's lack…
- [NTSB ANC98LA027](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ANC98LA027.md): Cessna A185F · Homer, AK · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Mar 21, 1998 · N9620Q · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's failure to maintain directional control. Factors in the accident are the sheared valve stem/deflation of the tire, and subsequent fracturing of the associated wheel.
- [NTSB LAX98LA117](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX98LA117.md): Piper PA34-200 · Van Nuys, CA · Accident · Minor injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Mar 16, 1998 · N4442T · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's misjudged landing flare which led to an uncontrolled porpoise and eventual collapse of the landing gear.
- [NTSB CHI98LA103](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI98LA103.md): Cessna 310Q · Council Bluffs, IA · Accident · Minor injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Mar 16, 1998 · N1521T · Substantial damage
  > the pilot's failure to maintain proper runway alignment during the landing. The dark night was a factor.

Next page: https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-phases/550/cases.md?page=283

## The whole list in SQL

Runs in DuckDB 1.2 or later on the release's Parquet files over HTTPS:

```sql
WITH phase_names(main, name) AS (VALUES (100, 'Prior to flight'), (150, 'Standing'), (200, 'Pushback/towing'), (250, 'Taxi'), (300, 'Takeoff'), (350, 'Initial climb'), (400, 'Enroute'), (450, 'Maneuvering'), (500, 'Approach'), (550, 'Landing'), (600, 'Emergency descent'), (650, 'Uncontrolled descent'), (700, 'Post-impact'), (750, 'After landing'), (800, 'Other'), (990, 'Unknown')),
  crosswalk(code, main, name) AS (VALUES (500, 150, 'Standing'), (501, 150, 'Standing - pre-flight'), (502, 150, 'Standing - starting engine(s)'), (503, 150, 'Standing - engine(s) operating'), (504, 150, 'Standing - engine(s) not operating'), (505, 150, 'Standing - idling rotors'), (510, 250, 'Taxi'), (511, 200, 'Taxi - pushback/tow'), (512, 250, 'Taxi - to takeoff'), (513, 250, 'Taxi - from landing'), (514, 250, 'Taxi - aerial'), (520, 300, 'Takeoff'), (521, 300, 'Takeoff - roll/run'), (522, 350, 'Takeoff - initial climb'), (523, 300, 'Takeoff - aborted'), (530, 400, 'Climb'), (531, 400, 'Climb - to cruise'), (540, 400, 'Cruise'), (541, 400, 'Cruise - normal'), (542, 400, 'Maneuvering - holding (IFR)'), (550, 400, 'Descent'), (551, 400, 'Descent - normal'), (552, 600, 'Descent - emergency'), (553, 650, 'Descent - uncontrolled'), (560, 500, 'Approach'), (561, 500, 'Approach - VFR pattern - downwind'), (562, 500, 'Approach - VFR pattern - base turn'), (563, 500, 'Approach - VFR pattern - base leg/base to final'), (564, 500, 'Approach - VFR pattern - final approach'), (565, 500, 'Go-around (VFR)'), (566, 500, 'Approach - IAF to FAF/outer marker (IFR)'), (567, 500, 'Approach - FAF/outer marker to threshold (IFR)'), (568, 500, 'Circling (IFR)'), (569, 500, 'Missed approach (IFR)'), (570, 550, 'Landing'), (571, 550, 'Landing - flare/touchdown'), (572, 550, 'Landing - roll'), (573, 550, 'Landing - aborted'), (574, 550, 'Emergency landing'), (575, 550, 'Emergency landing after takeoff'), (576, 600, 'Emergency descent/landing'), (580, 450, 'Maneuvering'), (581, 450, 'Maneuvering - aerial application'), (582, 450, 'Maneuvering - turn to reverse direction'), (583, 450, 'Maneuvering - turn to landing area (emergency)'), (590, 450, 'Hover'), (591, 450, 'Hover - in ground effect'), (592, 450, 'Hover - out of ground effect'), (600, 800, 'Other'), (610, 990, 'Unknown')),
  current_codes AS (
    SELECT e.case_mkey, TRY_CAST(e."tier1Number" AS INTEGER) AS code,
      row_number() OVER (PARTITION BY e.case_mkey ORDER BY coalesce(e."isDefiningEvent", false) DESC, e.position) AS n
    FROM 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_events.parquet' e
    WHERE e.aircrafts_position = 1 AND e."tier1Number" GLOB '[1-9][0-9]*'
      AND (e."isDefiningEvent" OR e.case_mkey IN (SELECT "mKey" FROM 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_case_detail.parquet' WHERE "isPre1982"))
  ),
  phases AS (
    SELECT case_mkey, 'current' AS scheme, code, CASE WHEN code >= 990 THEN 990 ELSE code // 50 * 50 END AS main
    FROM current_codes WHERE n = 1
    UNION ALL
    SELECT o.case_mkey, 'older', o."phaseOfFlightCode", w.main
    FROM 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_occurrences.parquet' o JOIN crosswalk w ON w.code = o."phaseOfFlightCode"
    WHERE o.aircrafts_position = 1 AND o."occurrenceNumber" = 1 AND o.case_mkey NOT IN (SELECT case_mkey FROM current_codes)
  ),
  case_phases AS (
    SELECT p.*, c."eventDate", c."highestInjuryLevel" = 'Fatal' AS fatal, a.aircraft_model_code
    FROM phases p JOIN 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_case_detail.parquet' c ON c."mKey" = p.case_mkey
    LEFT JOIN 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_aircrafts.parquet' a ON a.case_mkey = p.case_mkey AND a.position = 1
    WHERE c."eventDate" >= DATE '1962-01-01' AND p.main IN (SELECT main FROM phase_names)
  )
SELECT c."ntsbNumber", c."eventDate", c."eventType", c."eventCity", c."eventStateOrRegion", a.n_number, a."aircraftMake", a."aircraftModel", c."highestInjuryLevel", c."totalFatal", c."completionStatus", c.report_url
FROM 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_case_detail.parquet' c LEFT JOIN 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_aircrafts.parquet' a ON a.case_mkey = c."mKey" AND a.position = 1
WHERE c."mKey" IN (SELECT case_mkey FROM case_phases WHERE main = 550)
ORDER BY c."eventDate" DESC, c."ntsbNumber" DESC
```

This list as a web page: https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-phases/550/cases?page=282

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