# NTSB investigations: Landing

NTSB aviation accident and incident investigations since 1962: the probable cause, findings, aircraft, crew, weather and docket of each, linked to the FAA registry and the FAA’s own reports.

Page 284 of 1,075 · 53,703 cases

## Cases, newest first

- [NTSB NYC98FA062](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/NYC98FA062.md): Aerospatiale ATR-42-320 · Windsor Locks, CT · Accident · Minor injuries · Field investigation · Final report · Jan 22, 1998 · N15827 · Substantial damage
  > The improper overhaul of lug holes on the fuel/oil heat exchanger. A factor was the lack of direction contained in the manufacturer's overhaul manual for working with the lug holes.
- [NTSB FTW98LA113](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/FTW98LA113.md): Cessna 182Q · Keeline, WY · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jan 22, 1998 · N759QZ · Substantial damage
  > failure of the pilot to maintain directional control of the airplane during the landing roll. Factors relating to the accident included: a snow covered/icy/muddy area on the runway, and the proximity of a snowbank to the runway.
- [NTSB ATL98LA038](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ATL98LA038.md): Beech 65-A90 · Selmer, TN · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jan 22, 1998 · N911KA · Substantial damage
  > The loss of control on the ground, due to hydroplaning, and a collision with trees. A factor was the rain.
- [NTSB IAD98LA023](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/IAD98LA023.md): Beech 1900D · Saranac Lake, NY · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jan 21, 1998 · N854CA · Substantial damage
  > The inadequate snow removal from the runway by airport personnel which left a snow bank extending onto the runway.
- [NTSB CHI98LA084](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI98LA084.md): Cessna 208B · Grand Island, NE · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jan 20, 1998 · N738FX · Substantial damage
  > ice build-up on the airplane's wings and empennage which led to an inadvertent stall and hard landing. Factors contributing to this accident were the pilot's inadvertent flight into icing conditions, and the icing conditions.
- [NTSB FTW98LA102](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/FTW98LA102.md): Martin Varieze · Artesia, NM · Accident · Serious injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jan 19, 1998 · N27CP · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's inadequate compensation for the crosswind. Factors were the prevailing crosswind and the pilot's lack of total experience in type of aircraft.
- [NTSB LAX98LA080](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX98LA080.md): Cessna 150F · San Carlos, CA · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jan 17, 1998 · N7911F · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's excessive airspeed, which resulted in a bounced landing, and, his failure to ensure that his seat locking pin was engaged, which caused his seat to move backwards during the touchdown and resulted in his loss of directional control.
- [NTSB LAX98LA076](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX98LA076.md): McDonnell Douglas 600N · Mesa, AZ · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jan 17, 1998 · N176SP · Substantial damage
  > The second pilot misjudging his flare and the delayed remedial actions by the pilot-in-command.
- [NTSB LAX98LA074](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX98LA074.md): Cessna 195 · Long Beach, CA · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jan 16, 1998 · N4498C · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's failure to maintain directional control during the landing, which led to a ground loop and a resultant overload failure of the right main landing gear attach points.
- [NTSB FTW98FA101](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/FTW98FA101.md): Piper PA-18-135 · Wooster, AR · Accident · 1 fatal · Field investigation · Final report · Jan 16, 1998 · N99302 · Destroyed
  > the pilot's failure to maintain clearance with trees during an aborted landing. A contributing factor was the pilot's delayed decision to abort the long landing.
- [NTSB LAX98LA071](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX98LA071.md): Cessna 140 · Goodyear, AZ · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jan 13, 1998 · N2496V · Substantial damage
  > The inadvertent brake activation by the student pilot while practicing touch-and-go landings.
- [NTSB MIA98LA059](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/MIA98LA059.md): Valentin Tiafun 17E · Pensacola, FL · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jan 12, 1998 · N16MA · Substantial damage
  > the pilot's improper in-flight planning/decision and failure to see-and-avoid an obstruction during a precautionary landing on a paved road. Factors relating to the accident were: the resultant low fuel condition, and an obstruction in the precautionary…
- [NTSB LAX98LA072](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX98LA072.md): Daniel RAF-2000 · Wahiawa, HI · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jan 12, 1998 · N90606 · Substantial damage
  > The student pilot's failure to maintain directional control due to inadequate trim adjustments following installation of a larger engine.
- [NTSB LAX98LA069](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX98LA069.md): Cessna 195A · Tucson, AZ · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jan 12, 1998 · N1073D · Substantial damage
  > The student's inadequate compensation for the wind conditions and his failure to maintain directional control. Factors in this accident were the inadequate supervision of the flight by the flight instructor, and the student's failure to relinquish the…
- [NTSB CHI98LA078](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI98LA078.md): Cessna 150J · Gaylord, MI · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jan 12, 1998 · N51258 · Substantial damage
  > the pilot's misjudging the flare leading to a hard landing, and the kit manufacturer's (Supplemental Type Certificate holder's) inadequate design leading to a corrosion stress fracture of the landing gear attachment. A factor was the landing gear attachment…
- [NTSB MIA98LA057](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/MIA98LA057.md): Cessna 170 · Orlando, FL · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jan 10, 1998 · N48021 · Substantial damage
  > failure of the the left brake to operate, due to a bad o-ring; and subsequent failure of the pilot to maintain directional control of the airplane during landing rollout, resulting in a ground loop and subsequent on-ground encounter with terrain.
- [NTSB FTW98LA094](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/FTW98LA094.md): Champion 7KCAB · Leadville, CO · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jan 10, 1998 · N5275X · Substantial damage
  > The failure of the pilot to maintain directional control of the airplane. Factors were a sudden windshift from a headwind to a quartering tailwind, and the snowbank.
- [NTSB FTW98LA095](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/FTW98LA095.md): Beech V35 · Seguin, TX · Accident · Minor injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jan 9, 1998 · N99V · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's failure to maintain the proper descent rate.
- [NTSB FTW98LA103](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/FTW98LA103.md): Cessna 340A · Bethany, OK · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jan 8, 1998 · N26956 · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's flight into known adverse weather conditions which resulted in an inadvertent stall due to airframe ice. A factor was the icing conditions.
- [NTSB ANC98LA015](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ANC98LA015.md): Cessna 180H · Chugiak, AK · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jan 8, 1998 · N9737G · Substantial damage
  > the pilot's selection of an unsuitable area for landing. A factor relating to the accident was: the crusty, snow covered surface of the airstrip.
- [NTSB NYC98FA060](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/NYC98FA060.md): Cessna 500 · West Mifflin, PA · Accident · Serious injuries · Field investigation · Final report · Jan 6, 1998 · N1DK · Destroyed
  > The failure of the pilot to make a go-around when he failed to achieve a normal touchdown due to excessive speed, and which resulted in an overrun. Factors were the reduced visibility due to fog, and the wet runway.
- [NTSB IAD98LA020](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/IAD98LA020.md): Cessna 172M · Blue Bell, PA · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jan 4, 1998 · N5135R · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's failure to attain the proper touchdown point, and his failure to make a go-around, while there was sufficient runway remaining.
- [NTSB FTW98LA087](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/FTW98LA087.md): Starduster SA-100 · Roland, AR · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jan 4, 1998 · N87SD · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's inadvertent encounter with soft, wet grass during landing.
- [NTSB MIA98LA050](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/MIA98LA050.md): Cessna 152 · Everglades City, FL · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jan 2, 1998 · N757VT · Substantial damage
  > the pilot's inadequate compensation for wind conditions and failure to properly flare the airplane, which resulted in a hard landing and overload failure of the nose gear. The unfavorable wind conditions were related factors.
- [NTSB CHI98LA077](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI98LA077.md): Piper PA-34-220T · Winterset, IA · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jan 2, 1998 · N8350Z · Substantial damage
  > The pilot misjudging his airspeed on final approach, resulting in a long touchdown and insufficient distance to stop on the remaining runway available.
- [NTSB LAX98LA065](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX98LA065.md): Cessna 172RG · Van Nuys, CA · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Dec 30, 1997 · N5404V · Substantial damage
  > The student and flight instructor's failure to verify that the landing gear was in the down position, and the design of the electrical system in which a single-point aircraft system malfunction (one open circuit breaker) disabled both the landing gear warning…
- [NTSB FTW98LA090](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/FTW98LA090.md): Piper PA-28-140 · Ruidoso, NM · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Dec 27, 1997 · N2343T · Substantial damage
  > the pilot's inadequate compensation for wind conditions and failure to maintain directional control of the airplane. Related factors were: the gusty crosswind condition, icy runway, and proximity of the snowbank.
- [NTSB FTW98LA079](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/FTW98LA079.md): Beech 35-B33 · Englewood, CO · Accident · Minor injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Dec 27, 1997 · N5743K · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's improper decision to land in wind conditions that exceeded the airplane's crosswind component, and his failure to divert to an alternate airport with runways more nearly aligned with the wind. Factors were the icy runway and crosswind.
- [NTSB NYC98LA054](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/NYC98LA054.md): Mayers SEA REY · Gloucester, VA · Accident · Minor injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Dec 26, 1997 · N100RZ · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's failure to maintain aircraft control during landing, which resulted in a nose over.
- [NTSB SEA98LA026](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/SEA98LA026.md): Cessna 172P · Kenmore, WA · Accident · Minor injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Dec 24, 1997 · N9566L · Substantial damage
  > the pilot's inadequately planned approach and failure to maintain directional control. The pilot's lack of total experience in kind of aircraft and haze were factors.
- [NTSB NYC98LA052](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/NYC98LA052.md): Beech BE-33A · Lancaster, PA · Accident · Minor injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Dec 24, 1997 · N4133S · Substantial damage
  > Passenger control interference which resulted in pilot's failure to maintain control of the airplane during landing.
- [NTSB ATL98LA028](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ATL98LA028.md): Aeronca 7AC · Eustis, FL · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Dec 22, 1997 · N83589 · Substantial damage
  > failure of the pilot to maintain directional control of the airplane during the landing roll, which resulted in a ground swerve and subsequent collision with a parked airplane. Related factors were: the pilot's lack of experience in tailwheel aircraft, the…
- [NTSB SEA98LA025](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/SEA98LA025.md): Cessna 177 · Thompson Falls, MT · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Dec 18, 1997 · N2988X · Substantial damage
  > The student pilot's improper remedial action when confronted with a porpoised landing. A factor was his failure to execute a go-around maneuver.
- [NTSB FTW98LA070](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/FTW98LA070.md): Cessna 172F · Gonzales, LA · Accident · Serious injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Dec 18, 1997 · N8426U · Substantial damage
  > The inadvertent stall resulting from the flight instructor's failure to maintain airspeed during his delayed recovery from the bounced landing. Factors were the student's failure to maintain the proper airspeed and the instructor's inadequate supervision…
- [NTSB IAD98LA016](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/IAD98LA016.md): Piper PA-28-181 · Bally, PA · Accident · Minor injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Dec 16, 1997 · N8068Z · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's failure to attain the proper touchdown point. Related factors were tailwind, and lack of total experience.
- [NTSB ANC98LA013](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ANC98LA013.md): Cessna 206 · Mnt. Village, AK · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Dec 16, 1997 · N9575G · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's improper flare and recovery from a bounced landing.
- [NTSB ATL98IA024](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ATL98IA024.md): Airbus Industrie A-300-600 · Montego Bay, Jamaica · Incident · No injuries · Incident investigation · Final report · Dec 15, 1997 · N90070 · Minor damage
  > The pilot's improper recovery from a bounced landing, compounded by the automatic deployment of the ground spoilers on main wheel spin-up, resulting in a pitch angle beyond the tail strike pitch angle of the airplane, which led to the tail contacting the…
- [NTSB CHI98LA069](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI98LA069.md): Cessna 150L · Litchfield, MN · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Dec 14, 1997 · N18031 · Destroyed
  > the pilot's improper flare and improper recovery from a bounced landing, and his failure to maintain proper runway alignment during the attempted go-around. Factors relating to the accident were: the crosswind condition, and the proximity of trees.
- [NTSB CHI98LA060](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI98LA060.md): Cessna 152 · Waukegan, IL · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Dec 14, 1997 · N68318 · Substantial damage
  > the pilot's not identifying unsuitable terrain (snowbank) in the landing area, and his not selecting the proper touchdown point. A factor was the snowbank.
- [NTSB LAX98LA060](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX98LA060.md): Cessna 180H · Santa Ynez, CA · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Dec 13, 1997 · N123LJ · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's improper flare. Related factors were the crosswind conditions.
- [NTSB NYC98LA040](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/NYC98LA040.md): Cessna 172P · Mitchellville, MD · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Dec 8, 1997 · N99510 · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's improper recovery from a bounced landing.
- [NTSB ANC98TA011](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ANC98TA011.md): Bell 206B · Anchorage, AK · Accident · No injuries · Final report · Dec 5, 1997 · N83146 · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's failure to maintain adequate rotor RPM during an autorotation landing.
- [NTSB LAX98LA051](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX98LA051.md): Luscombe 8 · Grass Valley, CA · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Dec 2, 1997 · N2591K · Substantial damage
  > the pilot's inadvertent activation of the aircraft brakes during the landing rollout.
- [NTSB NYC98LA036](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/NYC98LA036.md): Cessna 310R · Hartford, CT · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Nov 30, 1997 · N2641F · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's improper in-flight decision to land on the departure end of the runway and not perform a go-around.
- [NTSB LAX98LA055](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX98LA055.md): Cessna 172N · San Jose, CA · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Nov 28, 1997 · N739HE · Substantial damage
  > the student pilot's failure to maintain an appropriate airspeed and proper rate of descent, and his misjudged landing flare, which led to an uncontrolled porpoise and eventual collapse of the landing gear.
- [NTSB IAD98LA013](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/IAD98LA013.md): Cessna 150L · Center Village, OH · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Nov 27, 1997 · N11350 · Substantial damage
  > The student pilot's improper recovery from a bounced landing.
- [NTSB CHI98LA049](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI98LA049.md): King Avid Flyer C · Minneapolis, MN · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Nov 26, 1997 · N931AC · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's failure to maintain directional control. A related factor was the crosswind.
- [NTSB ATL98LA016](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ATL98LA016.md): Mooney M20J · Summerland Key, FL · Accident · Minor injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Nov 26, 1997 · N201LY · Substantial damage
  > the pilot's inadequate compensation for the wind conditions and failure to flare the airplane for landing. The gusty crosswind was a related factor.
- [NTSB SEA98LA016](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/SEA98LA016.md): Short Brothers SD3-60 · Billings, MT · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Nov 25, 1997 · N691A · Substantial damage
  > The co-pilot's failure to maintain the proper descent rate on final approach, the pilot-in-command's delayed remedial action, and overload of the left main landing gear assembly. Factors contributing were snow, crosswind conditions and deteriorating…
- [NTSB CHI98LA051](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI98LA051.md): Beech E55 · Gardner, KS · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Nov 25, 1997 · N3914A · Substantial damage
  > the inadvertant landing gear retraction, which occurred due to undetermined reason(s).

Next page: https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-phases/550/cases.md?page=285

## The whole list in SQL

Runs in DuckDB 1.2 or later on the release's Parquet files over HTTPS:

```sql
WITH phase_names(main, name) AS (VALUES (100, 'Prior to flight'), (150, 'Standing'), (200, 'Pushback/towing'), (250, 'Taxi'), (300, 'Takeoff'), (350, 'Initial climb'), (400, 'Enroute'), (450, 'Maneuvering'), (500, 'Approach'), (550, 'Landing'), (600, 'Emergency descent'), (650, 'Uncontrolled descent'), (700, 'Post-impact'), (750, 'After landing'), (800, 'Other'), (990, 'Unknown')),
  crosswalk(code, main, name) AS (VALUES (500, 150, 'Standing'), (501, 150, 'Standing - pre-flight'), (502, 150, 'Standing - starting engine(s)'), (503, 150, 'Standing - engine(s) operating'), (504, 150, 'Standing - engine(s) not operating'), (505, 150, 'Standing - idling rotors'), (510, 250, 'Taxi'), (511, 200, 'Taxi - pushback/tow'), (512, 250, 'Taxi - to takeoff'), (513, 250, 'Taxi - from landing'), (514, 250, 'Taxi - aerial'), (520, 300, 'Takeoff'), (521, 300, 'Takeoff - roll/run'), (522, 350, 'Takeoff - initial climb'), (523, 300, 'Takeoff - aborted'), (530, 400, 'Climb'), (531, 400, 'Climb - to cruise'), (540, 400, 'Cruise'), (541, 400, 'Cruise - normal'), (542, 400, 'Maneuvering - holding (IFR)'), (550, 400, 'Descent'), (551, 400, 'Descent - normal'), (552, 600, 'Descent - emergency'), (553, 650, 'Descent - uncontrolled'), (560, 500, 'Approach'), (561, 500, 'Approach - VFR pattern - downwind'), (562, 500, 'Approach - VFR pattern - base turn'), (563, 500, 'Approach - VFR pattern - base leg/base to final'), (564, 500, 'Approach - VFR pattern - final approach'), (565, 500, 'Go-around (VFR)'), (566, 500, 'Approach - IAF to FAF/outer marker (IFR)'), (567, 500, 'Approach - FAF/outer marker to threshold (IFR)'), (568, 500, 'Circling (IFR)'), (569, 500, 'Missed approach (IFR)'), (570, 550, 'Landing'), (571, 550, 'Landing - flare/touchdown'), (572, 550, 'Landing - roll'), (573, 550, 'Landing - aborted'), (574, 550, 'Emergency landing'), (575, 550, 'Emergency landing after takeoff'), (576, 600, 'Emergency descent/landing'), (580, 450, 'Maneuvering'), (581, 450, 'Maneuvering - aerial application'), (582, 450, 'Maneuvering - turn to reverse direction'), (583, 450, 'Maneuvering - turn to landing area (emergency)'), (590, 450, 'Hover'), (591, 450, 'Hover - in ground effect'), (592, 450, 'Hover - out of ground effect'), (600, 800, 'Other'), (610, 990, 'Unknown')),
  current_codes AS (
    SELECT e.case_mkey, TRY_CAST(e."tier1Number" AS INTEGER) AS code,
      row_number() OVER (PARTITION BY e.case_mkey ORDER BY coalesce(e."isDefiningEvent", false) DESC, e.position) AS n
    FROM 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_events.parquet' e
    WHERE e.aircrafts_position = 1 AND e."tier1Number" GLOB '[1-9][0-9]*'
      AND (e."isDefiningEvent" OR e.case_mkey IN (SELECT "mKey" FROM 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_case_detail.parquet' WHERE "isPre1982"))
  ),
  phases AS (
    SELECT case_mkey, 'current' AS scheme, code, CASE WHEN code >= 990 THEN 990 ELSE code // 50 * 50 END AS main
    FROM current_codes WHERE n = 1
    UNION ALL
    SELECT o.case_mkey, 'older', o."phaseOfFlightCode", w.main
    FROM 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_occurrences.parquet' o JOIN crosswalk w ON w.code = o."phaseOfFlightCode"
    WHERE o.aircrafts_position = 1 AND o."occurrenceNumber" = 1 AND o.case_mkey NOT IN (SELECT case_mkey FROM current_codes)
  ),
  case_phases AS (
    SELECT p.*, c."eventDate", c."highestInjuryLevel" = 'Fatal' AS fatal, a.aircraft_model_code
    FROM phases p JOIN 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_case_detail.parquet' c ON c."mKey" = p.case_mkey
    LEFT JOIN 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_aircrafts.parquet' a ON a.case_mkey = p.case_mkey AND a.position = 1
    WHERE c."eventDate" >= DATE '1962-01-01' AND p.main IN (SELECT main FROM phase_names)
  )
SELECT c."ntsbNumber", c."eventDate", c."eventType", c."eventCity", c."eventStateOrRegion", a.n_number, a."aircraftMake", a."aircraftModel", c."highestInjuryLevel", c."totalFatal", c."completionStatus", c.report_url
FROM 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_case_detail.parquet' c LEFT JOIN 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_aircrafts.parquet' a ON a.case_mkey = c."mKey" AND a.position = 1
WHERE c."mKey" IN (SELECT case_mkey FROM case_phases WHERE main = 550)
ORDER BY c."eventDate" DESC, c."ntsbNumber" DESC
```

This list as a web page: https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-phases/550/cases?page=284

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