# NTSB investigations: Landing

NTSB aviation accident and incident investigations since 1962: the probable cause, findings, aircraft, crew, weather and docket of each, linked to the FAA registry and the FAA’s own reports.

Page 286 of 1,075 · 53,703 cases

## Cases, newest first

- [NTSB IAD98LA007](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/IAD98LA007.md): Cessna 172M · Oceana, VA · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Oct 11, 1997 · N64507 · Substantial damage
  > Improper flare by the pilot, which resulted in a hard landing. A related factor was the diverted attention.
- [NTSB FTW98LA010](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/FTW98LA010.md): Aerostar S-60A · Albuquerque, NM · Accident · Serious injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Oct 10, 1997 · N7154E · No damage
  > The passenger failing to follow the pilot's instructions as to the proper brace position to assume for landing.
- [NTSB MIA98IA006](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/MIA98IA006.md): Beech 18 [C-45H] · Orlando, FL · Incident · No injuries · Incident investigation · Final report · Oct 9, 1997 · N486JB · Minor damage
  > the failure of the landing gear chain from the main landing gear torque shaft to the nose gear box coming off the sprocket, causing the landing gear to be out of sequence between the main gear and the nose gear.
- [NTSB FTW98LA008](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/FTW98LA008.md): Balloon Works Firefly 8-24 · Albuquerque, NM · Accident · Serious injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Oct 6, 1997 · N74056 · No damage
  > the passenger's failure to follow procedures/directives for the landing.
- [NTSB CHI98LA009](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI98LA009.md): Brown AIR Shark III · Green Bay, WI · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Oct 6, 1997 · N42AE · Substantial damage
  > the pilot's improper flare, which resulted in a hard landing, subsequent failure of the left main landing gear, and his inability to maintain directional control. Factors related to the accident were: the runway light, and soft terrain.
- [NTSB IAD98LA003](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/IAD98LA003.md): Cessna 152 · Dover, DE · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Oct 5, 1997 · N89627 · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's misjudgment of distance and speed which resulted in an overrun of the runway.
- [NTSB FTW98LA021](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/FTW98LA021.md): Cessna 210L · Albuquerque, NM · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Oct 5, 1997 · N93089 · Substantial damage
  > the pilot's failure to extend the landing gear. A related factor was his attention being diverted.
- [NTSB CHI98LA005](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI98LA005.md): Cessna 172N · Sandwich, IL · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Oct 5, 1997 · N73899 · Substantial damage
  > the pilot's inability to maintain flying airspeed resulting in an inadvertent stall/mush. A factor contributing to this accident was the wind gust.
- [NTSB LAX98LA004](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX98LA004.md): American 8KCAB · Payson, AZ · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Oct 4, 1997 · N69BP · Substantial damage
  > Directional control of the aircraft not maintained through the improper use of landing procedures/techniques. A factor in this accident was the pilot's training regarding the proper techniques to be used during landing.
- [NTSB IAD98FA001](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/IAD98FA001.md): Piper PA-32-260 · College Park, MD · Accident · Serious injuries · Field investigation · Final report · Oct 4, 1997 · N7730J · Destroyed
  > The pilot failed to maintain control of the airplane during landing rollout and his delayed decision to abort the landing.
- [NTSB FTW98LA004](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/FTW98LA004.md): North American Harvard MK IV · Midland, TX · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Oct 4, 1997 · N13595 · 2 aircraft · Substantial damage
  > the failure of the pilots of both airplanes to maintain clearance from each other. A factor was their failure to follow procedures/directives.
- [NTSB CHI98IA007](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI98IA007.md): Boeing 737-200 · Chicago, IL · Incident · No injuries · Incident investigation · Final report · Oct 4, 1997 · N129SW · Minor damage
  > an improper repair to a crack in a brake flange hole on the left main landing gear outboard axle, and subsequent fatigue failure of the axle.
- [NTSB NYC98LA004](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/NYC98LA004.md): Piper PA-28-180 · Edgartown, MA · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Oct 3, 1997 · N7742W · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's inadequate evaluation of the wind direction and his failure to initiate a go-around. Contributing factors were the tailwind, wet runway, and utility pole.
- [NTSB NYC98LA003](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/NYC98LA003.md): Cessna 152 · West Chester, PA · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Oct 3, 1997 · N94999 · Substantial damage
  > The student pilot's failure to maintain directional control of the airplane.
- [NTSB FTW98LA014](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/FTW98LA014.md): Burkhart Grob 103 · Caddo Mills, TX · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Oct 3, 1997 · N921G · Substantial damage
  > the pilot's improper flare and improper recovery from a bounced landing. A factor relating to the accident was: the gusty wind condition.
- [NTSB NYC98LA002](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/NYC98LA002.md): Cessna 150M · Georgetown, DE · Accident · Minor injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Oct 2, 1997 · N63235 · Substantial damage
  > The student pilot's improper recovery from the bounced landing and the flight instructor's delayed remedial action.
- [NTSB LAX98LA002](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX98LA002.md): Blackwell Midget Mustang · Glendale, AZ · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Oct 2, 1997 · N32JB · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's inability to maintain directional control of the aircraft due to the deflation of the right main gear tire. Factors in this accident were the soft sand on the side of the runway and the left crosswind.
- [NTSB FTW98LA017](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/FTW98LA017.md): Cessna A152 · Rockwall, TX · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Oct 2, 1997 · N4957A · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's improper recovery from a bounced landing and her failure to maintain directional control during the aborted landing. Factors were the wind gust and the turbulence.
- [NTSB FTW98LA002](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/FTW98LA002.md): Bell 206B · New Iberia, LA · Accident · Minor injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Oct 2, 1997 · N2163Y · Substantial damage
  > improper touchdown by the flight instructor. A related factor was: soft sod in the touchdown/landing area.
- [NTSB CHI98TA023](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI98TA023.md): Cessna A185F · Roseau, MN · Accident · No injuries · Final report · Oct 2, 1997 · N105NR · Substantial damage
  > the pilot's failure to maintain directional control during landing. A factor was the crosswind.
- [NTSB MIA98IA001](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/MIA98IA001.md): Grumman G-73 · Fort Lauderdale, FL · Incident · No injuries · Incident investigation · Final report · Oct 1, 1997 · N168WS · Minor damage
  > the partial failure of a component of the hydraulic system resulting in the collapse of the nose landing gear during the landing roll.
- [NTSB CHI98LA001](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI98LA001.md): Cessna T210N · Fargo, ND · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Oct 1, 1997 · N5168A · Substantial damage
  > the circuit breaker for the hydraulic pump popped during gear extension which resulting in the failure of the landing gear to lock in the extended position.
- [NTSB FTW97LA372](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/FTW97LA372.md): Cessna 170A · Oklahoma City, OK · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Sep 30, 1997 · N10433 · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's inadequate compensation for the crosswind conditions resulting in an inadvertent groundloop. Factors were the crosswind, the pilot's lack of total experience in make and model, the separation of the left main wheel due to corroded bolts, and the…
- [NTSB FTW97LA370](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/FTW97LA370.md): Cessna 210L · Albuquerque, NM · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Sep 29, 1997 · N59217 · Substantial damage
  > The fracture of the right main hydraulic landing gear actuator housing assembly due to overload.
- [NTSB SEA97LA220](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/SEA97LA220.md): Piper PA-32-300 · Stuart Island, WA · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Sep 28, 1997 · N55629 · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's improper decision to land on a wet grass runway with a ten knot tailwind. Factors were the wet runway surface and tailwind.
- [NTSB NYC97LA189](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/NYC97LA189.md): Cessna 172 · Kutztown, PA · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Sep 28, 1997 · N5338E · Substantial damage
  > the student pilot's failure to maintain directional control of the aircraft, which resulted in an inadvertent ground swerve. Factors relating to the accident were: the student's pilot's selection of the wrong runway, the resultant tailwind, and the encounter…
- [NTSB CHI97LA303](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI97LA303.md): Cessna 172P · Yankton, SD · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Sep 28, 1997 · N52419 · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's failure to maintain control of the aircraft. A factor contributing to the accident was the wind gusts.
- [NTSB FTW97LA366](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/FTW97LA366.md): Robinson R22 Beta · Huntsville, TX · Accident · Minor injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Sep 27, 1997 · N8316W · Substantial damage
  > failure of the student pilot to maintain directional control of the helicopter during a flare to landing. Factors relating to the accident were: the student pilot's misinterpretation of the wind direction, his selection of the wrong runway, and the resultant…
- [NTSB ATL97LA146](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ATL97LA146.md): Cessna 172N · Fuquay-Varina, NC · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Sep 26, 1997 · N75522 · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's misjudged flare, improper level-off, and improper recovery from a bounced landing.
- [NTSB ANC97LA156](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ANC97LA156.md): Piper PA-12 · Gustavus, AK · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Sep 26, 1997 · N7667H · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's failure to attain the proper touchdown point. Factors associated with the accident are the pilot's improper glidepath, and the rough and uneven terrain.
- [NTSB FTW97IA365](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/FTW97IA365.md): McDonnell Douglas DC-9-83(MD-83) · New Orleans, LA · Incident · No injuries · Incident investigation · Final report · Sep 25, 1997 · N931TW · No damage
  > Runway overrun for undetermined reasons.
- [NTSB LAX97LA329](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX97LA329.md): Piper PA-18-150 · Hawthorne, NV · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Sep 24, 1997 · N82259 · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's inadequate compensation for the existing wind condition and his subsequent failure to maintain directional control.
- [NTSB FTW97LA361](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/FTW97LA361.md): Bell 206-L4 · Hurst, TX · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Sep 23, 1997 · N9264G · Substantial damage
  > The improper touchdown by the commercial pilot receiving instruction. A factor was the flight instructor's inadequate supervision.
- [NTSB FTW97LA360](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/FTW97LA360.md): Schweizer SGS 1-34 · Heber City, UT · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Sep 23, 1997 · N7636 · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's improper use of spoilers during the landing sequence. Factors were the embankment and the fence.
- [NTSB SEA97LA213](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/SEA97LA213.md): Barrigar RV-6 · Goldendale, WA · Accident · Minor injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Sep 21, 1997 · N812AB · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's failure to maintain directional control. Factors contributing to the accident were: the pilot's delayed initiation of a go-around maneuver, downhill, and soft terrain.
- [NTSB FTW97LA357](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/FTW97LA357.md): Mooney M20M · Broomfield, CO · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Sep 20, 1997 · N9140Z · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's flaring of the airplane prematurely at a low airspeed that resulted in a hard landing, and an inadvertent stall during the attempted go-around and subsequent loss of control.
- [NTSB ATL97LA132](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ATL97LA132.md): Piper PA-28-151 · Bennettsville, SC · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Sep 20, 1997 · N9643K · Substantial damage
  > failure of the pilot to properly plan his approach, and his failure to attain a proper touchdown point for landing.
- [NTSB FTW97LA368](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/FTW97LA368.md): Bellanca 7KCAB · Englewood, CO · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Sep 19, 1997 · N88314 · Substantial damage
  > failure of the right main landing gear due to multiple fatigue cracks.
- [NTSB ANC97TA152](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ANC97TA152.md): Piper PA-18 · Coldfoot, AK · Accident · No injuries · Final report · Sep 18, 1997 · N2355H · Substantial damage
  > The overservicing/pressurizing of the hydraulic brake system by maintenance personnel that locked the brake system and prevented directional control.
- [NTSB CHI97LA294](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI97LA294.md): Piper PA-32R-300 · Fargo, ND · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Sep 17, 1997 · N2680Q · Substantial damage
  > the pilot's misjudgment of altitude and distance to the runway, while on final approach to land, and failure to attain the proper touchdown point on the runway during the landing. The exposed runway lip was a related factor.
- [NTSB ANC97LA151](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ANC97LA151.md): Piper PA-22 · Northway, AK · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Sep 16, 1997 · N5840Z · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's failure to maintain directional control during the landing. A factor in the accident was the pilot's lack of familiarity with the airplane.
- [NTSB ANC97LA150](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ANC97LA150.md): Cessna 402C · Kivalina, AK · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Sep 15, 1997 · N2649Z · Substantial damage
  > An overstress fracture of the nose landing gear attachment. A factor associated with the accident was the rough landing area.
- [NTSB ANC97LA149](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ANC97LA149.md): Maule M4-210 · Bethel, AK · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Sep 15, 1997 · N9804M · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's abrupt application of brakes during the landing roll.
- [NTSB NYC97LA181](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/NYC97LA181.md): Boeing Stearman PT-17 · Geneseo, NY · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Sep 14, 1997 · N64604 · 2 aircraft · Substantial damage
  > The failure of both pilots to see and avoid the other aircraft.
- [NTSB LAX97LA332](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX97LA332.md): Cessna 172M · Long Beach, CA · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Sep 14, 1997 · N61913 · Substantial damage
  > the student pilot's misjudged landing flare which led to a balloon and subsequent hard landing.
- [NTSB SEA97LA209](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/SEA97LA209.md): de Havilland DHC-1 · Winlock, WA · Accident · Serious injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Sep 13, 1997 · N6004A · Substantial damage
  > the pilot's failure to attain proper alignment during touchdown and failure to maintain directional control. A wet runway was a factor.
- [NTSB LAX97LA327](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX97LA327.md): Piper PA-28-140 · Tucson, AZ · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Sep 13, 1997 · N56474 · Substantial damage
  > the student pilot's failure to maintain directional control of the airplane and proper alignment with the runway during landing.
- [NTSB CHI97LA296](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI97LA296.md): Cessna 150M · Salem, IL · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Sep 13, 1997 · N66547 · Substantial damage
  > the student pilot's improper flare and improper recovery from a bounced landing.
- [NTSB ANC97TA148](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ANC97TA148.md): Piper PA-18-150 · Saint Mary'S, AK · Accident · No injuries · Final report · Sep 13, 1997 · N7054 · Substantial damage
  > The excessive pressure in the brake system resulting from heating of the recently serviced hydraulic fluid in the brake master cylinders, and the resultant locked brakes and inability to maintain directional control of the airplane.
- [NTSB LAX97LA323](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX97LA323.md): Newberg PL-4A · Placerville, CA · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Sep 12, 1997 · N44PN · Substantial damage
  > failure of the pilot to maintain directional control of the aircraft during the rollout phase of the landing sequence, which resulted in a gound swerve.

Next page: https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-phases/550/cases.md?page=287

## The whole list in SQL

Runs in DuckDB 1.2 or later on the release's Parquet files over HTTPS:

```sql
WITH phase_names(main, name) AS (VALUES (100, 'Prior to flight'), (150, 'Standing'), (200, 'Pushback/towing'), (250, 'Taxi'), (300, 'Takeoff'), (350, 'Initial climb'), (400, 'Enroute'), (450, 'Maneuvering'), (500, 'Approach'), (550, 'Landing'), (600, 'Emergency descent'), (650, 'Uncontrolled descent'), (700, 'Post-impact'), (750, 'After landing'), (800, 'Other'), (990, 'Unknown')),
  crosswalk(code, main, name) AS (VALUES (500, 150, 'Standing'), (501, 150, 'Standing - pre-flight'), (502, 150, 'Standing - starting engine(s)'), (503, 150, 'Standing - engine(s) operating'), (504, 150, 'Standing - engine(s) not operating'), (505, 150, 'Standing - idling rotors'), (510, 250, 'Taxi'), (511, 200, 'Taxi - pushback/tow'), (512, 250, 'Taxi - to takeoff'), (513, 250, 'Taxi - from landing'), (514, 250, 'Taxi - aerial'), (520, 300, 'Takeoff'), (521, 300, 'Takeoff - roll/run'), (522, 350, 'Takeoff - initial climb'), (523, 300, 'Takeoff - aborted'), (530, 400, 'Climb'), (531, 400, 'Climb - to cruise'), (540, 400, 'Cruise'), (541, 400, 'Cruise - normal'), (542, 400, 'Maneuvering - holding (IFR)'), (550, 400, 'Descent'), (551, 400, 'Descent - normal'), (552, 600, 'Descent - emergency'), (553, 650, 'Descent - uncontrolled'), (560, 500, 'Approach'), (561, 500, 'Approach - VFR pattern - downwind'), (562, 500, 'Approach - VFR pattern - base turn'), (563, 500, 'Approach - VFR pattern - base leg/base to final'), (564, 500, 'Approach - VFR pattern - final approach'), (565, 500, 'Go-around (VFR)'), (566, 500, 'Approach - IAF to FAF/outer marker (IFR)'), (567, 500, 'Approach - FAF/outer marker to threshold (IFR)'), (568, 500, 'Circling (IFR)'), (569, 500, 'Missed approach (IFR)'), (570, 550, 'Landing'), (571, 550, 'Landing - flare/touchdown'), (572, 550, 'Landing - roll'), (573, 550, 'Landing - aborted'), (574, 550, 'Emergency landing'), (575, 550, 'Emergency landing after takeoff'), (576, 600, 'Emergency descent/landing'), (580, 450, 'Maneuvering'), (581, 450, 'Maneuvering - aerial application'), (582, 450, 'Maneuvering - turn to reverse direction'), (583, 450, 'Maneuvering - turn to landing area (emergency)'), (590, 450, 'Hover'), (591, 450, 'Hover - in ground effect'), (592, 450, 'Hover - out of ground effect'), (600, 800, 'Other'), (610, 990, 'Unknown')),
  current_codes AS (
    SELECT e.case_mkey, TRY_CAST(e."tier1Number" AS INTEGER) AS code,
      row_number() OVER (PARTITION BY e.case_mkey ORDER BY coalesce(e."isDefiningEvent", false) DESC, e.position) AS n
    FROM 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_events.parquet' e
    WHERE e.aircrafts_position = 1 AND e."tier1Number" GLOB '[1-9][0-9]*'
      AND (e."isDefiningEvent" OR e.case_mkey IN (SELECT "mKey" FROM 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_case_detail.parquet' WHERE "isPre1982"))
  ),
  phases AS (
    SELECT case_mkey, 'current' AS scheme, code, CASE WHEN code >= 990 THEN 990 ELSE code // 50 * 50 END AS main
    FROM current_codes WHERE n = 1
    UNION ALL
    SELECT o.case_mkey, 'older', o."phaseOfFlightCode", w.main
    FROM 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_occurrences.parquet' o JOIN crosswalk w ON w.code = o."phaseOfFlightCode"
    WHERE o.aircrafts_position = 1 AND o."occurrenceNumber" = 1 AND o.case_mkey NOT IN (SELECT case_mkey FROM current_codes)
  ),
  case_phases AS (
    SELECT p.*, c."eventDate", c."highestInjuryLevel" = 'Fatal' AS fatal, a.aircraft_model_code
    FROM phases p JOIN 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_case_detail.parquet' c ON c."mKey" = p.case_mkey
    LEFT JOIN 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_aircrafts.parquet' a ON a.case_mkey = p.case_mkey AND a.position = 1
    WHERE c."eventDate" >= DATE '1962-01-01' AND p.main IN (SELECT main FROM phase_names)
  )
SELECT c."ntsbNumber", c."eventDate", c."eventType", c."eventCity", c."eventStateOrRegion", a.n_number, a."aircraftMake", a."aircraftModel", c."highestInjuryLevel", c."totalFatal", c."completionStatus", c.report_url
FROM 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_case_detail.parquet' c LEFT JOIN 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_aircrafts.parquet' a ON a.case_mkey = c."mKey" AND a.position = 1
WHERE c."mKey" IN (SELECT case_mkey FROM case_phases WHERE main = 550)
ORDER BY c."eventDate" DESC, c."ntsbNumber" DESC
```

This list as a web page: https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-phases/550/cases?page=286

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