# NTSB investigations: Landing

NTSB aviation accident and incident investigations since 1962: the probable cause, findings, aircraft, crew, weather and docket of each, linked to the FAA registry and the FAA’s own reports.

Page 293 of 1,075 · 53,703 cases

## Cases, newest first

- [NTSB SEA97LA102](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/SEA97LA102.md): Boeing E75 · Spokane, WA · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Mar 30, 1997 · N5010V · Substantial damage
  > The pilot-in-command's inadequate application of crosswind controls during landing rollout. Factors were gusty crosswinds.
- [NTSB LAX97LA136](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX97LA136.md): Cessna 180C · Camarillo, CA · Accident · Minor injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Mar 30, 1997 · N9065N · Destroyed
  > The pilot's failure to adequately compensate for crosswind conditions during landing.
- [NTSB ANC97LA070](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ANC97LA070.md): Piper J-3 · Soldotna, AK · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Mar 30, 1997 · N920NB · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's inadequate compensation for the gusty wind conditions, and his improper recovery from a bounced landing. A factor associated with the accident was the gusty wind.
- [NTSB LAX97LA135](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX97LA135.md): Piper PA-28-161 · Little River, CA · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Mar 29, 1997 · N2128Q · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's failure to properly judge the flare altitude.
- [NTSB FTW97LA152](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/FTW97LA152.md): Piper PA-38-112 · Stillwater, OK · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Mar 29, 1997 · N194BA · Substantial damage
  > the pilot's inadequate compensation for the wind conditions, and his failure to maintain directional control, which resulted in a ground swerve and collapse of the nose gear. The crosswind was a related factor.
- [NTSB IAD97LA058](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/IAD97LA058.md): Bellanca 8KCAB · Warrenton, VA · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Mar 28, 1997 · N1118E · Substantial damage
  > the pilot's inadequate compensation for wind conditions and failure to maintain directional control of the airplane. The crosswind was a related factor.
- [NTSB FTW97LA145](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/FTW97LA145.md): Cessna 172K · Glenwood Spgs, CO · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Mar 28, 1997 · N7273G · Destroyed
  > The pilot's failure to maintain airplane directional control, and his use of excessive rudder control.
- [NTSB MIA97LA108](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/MIA97LA108.md): Cessna 172M · Pompano Beach, FL · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Mar 27, 1997 · N5123H · Substantial damage
  > the pilot's improper flare and improper recovery from a bounced landing, which resulted in overload failure of the nose gear.
- [NTSB MIA97LA102](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/MIA97LA102.md): Beech A23-19 · Bessemer, AL · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Mar 27, 1997 · N300JL · Substantial damage
  > the student pilot's misjudged landing flare and the CFI's inadequate supervision by not taking timely remedial action.
- [NTSB LAX97LA132](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX97LA132.md): Beech 100 · San Carlos, CA · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Mar 27, 1997 · N60TJ · Substantial damage
  > the pilot's improper flare, which resulted in a hard landing; his improper adjustment of the landing gear warning horn squat switch(es); and his decision to attempt flight with known equipment deficiencies.
- [NTSB CHI97LA128](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI97LA128.md): Rochette Rans S-12 XL · Hays, KS · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Mar 27, 1997 · N102EY · Substantial damage
  > the pilot improperly flared the airplane and the pilot's lack of experience in the type of airplane.
- [NTSB CHI97LA094](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI97LA094.md): Cessna 195 · Cedar Rapids, IA · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Mar 27, 1997 · N4666T · Substantial damage
  > overload failure of the left main landing gear for undetermined reason(s). A factor associated with the accident was the gusty crosswind condition.
- [NTSB CHI97LA092](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI97LA092.md): Champion 7ECA · South St. Paul, MN · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Mar 27, 1997 · N11023 · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's inadequate compensation for wind and his failure to maintain adequate obstacle clearance which resulted in collision with a snowbank. The pilot's lack of recent experience, the crosswind, and snowbank are contributing factors.
- [NTSB ANC97LA040](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ANC97LA040.md): Cessna 185 · Chugiak, AK · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Mar 27, 1997 · N4855C · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's improper installation of the main landing gear wheel penetration skis, which allowed the skis to rotate to a vertical position in flight and subsequently separate during landing.
- [NTSB ANC97LA039](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ANC97LA039.md): Piper PA-18 · Chugiak, AK · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Mar 27, 1997 · N4055Z · Substantial damage
  > the pilot's selection of an unsuitable landing site.
- [NTSB NYC97FA062](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/NYC97FA062.md): Grumman American G-1159 · Flushing, NY · Accident · No injuries · Field investigation · Final report · Mar 25, 1997 · N117FJ · Substantial damage
  > the tower controller's inadequate service by clearing the airplane to land on the same runway, where he had previously cleared a maintenance vehicle to perform maintenance to the runway centerline lights. Factors related to the accident were: darkness,…
- [NTSB FTW97LA138](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/FTW97LA138.md): Cessna 172K · Telluride, CO · Accident · Minor injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Mar 25, 1997 · N686JF · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's misjudged landing flare and his improper bounced landing recovery technique. A factor was the snow bank.
- [NTSB CHI97LA090](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI97LA090.md): Curtiss-Wright P-40E · Grand Forks, ND · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Mar 25, 1997 · N7205A · Substantial damage
  > the pilot's improper flare during landing.
- [NTSB SEA97LA078](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/SEA97LA078.md): Cessna 177B · Everett, WA · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Mar 23, 1997 · N35034 · Substantial damage
  > failure of the pilot to maintain directional control of the airplane after landing. Factors relating to the accident include: a blown (failed) nose tire, and soft terrain beside the runway.
- [NTSB SEA97LA073](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/SEA97LA073.md): Luscombe 8A · Arlington, WA · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Mar 22, 1997 · N1184K · Substantial damage
  > Landing long (improper touchdown point) and collapse of the main landing gear during an intentional swerve or groundloop. Factors include excessive airspeed on approach.
- [NTSB CHI97IA096](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI97IA096.md): Boeing 747-269B · Manaus, Brazil · Incident · No injuries · Incident investigation · Final report · Mar 22, 1997 · N707CK · Minor damage
  > the pilot-in-command's (non-flying pilot) improper flare. Related factors were inadequate crew/coordination, haze and sunglare.
- [NTSB ATL97LA058](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ATL97LA058.md): Piper PA-38-112 · Southern Pines, NC · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Mar 22, 1997 · N9221T · Substantial damage
  > the student pilot's improper landing flare and the flight instructor's inadequate supervision of the training flight, which led to a hard landing.
- [NTSB ATL97LA051](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ATL97LA051.md): Maule MXT-7 · Hampton, GA · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Mar 22, 1997 · N97SS · Substantial damage
  > inadequate compensation for the wind conditions by the pilot, and his failure to maintain directional control of the airplane. The crosswind, the pilot's lack of experience in crosswind conditions, and the proximity of trees were related factors.
- [NTSB LAX97LA130](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX97LA130.md): Boeing Stearman B75N1 · Victorville, CA · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Mar 21, 1997 · N68800 · Substantial damage
  > failure of the pilot to maintain directional control of the aircraft during the landing rollout.
- [NTSB SEA97LA081](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/SEA97LA081.md): North American NA-265-40 · Hailey, ID · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Mar 20, 1997 · N123CD · Substantial damage
  > an electrical short in the electrical system, which resulted in a malfunction of the nosewheel steering system and loss of directional control.
- [NTSB LAX97LA140](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX97LA140.md): Hoffman, Wolf, Flugzeugbau Super Dimona HK 36R · Scottsdale, AZ · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Mar 18, 1997 · N351HK · Substantial damage
  > the pilot's failure to maintain an adequate glide path.
- [NTSB LAX97LA124](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX97LA124.md): Aerostar RX7 · Tucson, AZ · Accident · Serious injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Mar 16, 1997 · N71150 · Substantial damage
  > failure of the pilot to maintain safe altitude/clearance from another balloon, while landing in a crowded area.
- [NTSB IAD97LA055](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/IAD97LA055.md): Cessna 172 · Harrison, OH · Accident · Minor injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Mar 16, 1997 · N737ZC · Substantial damage
  > the student pilot's failure to maintain directional control, and his improper operation of the throttle for regain control, which resulted in the airplane veering off the runway and colliding with a tree.
- [NTSB CHI97LA082](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI97LA082.md): Cessna 182 · Kirksville, MO · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Mar 13, 1997 · N869L · Substantial damage
  > the pilot failed to adequately compensate for the wind conditions on the runway during landing roll. Factors included the crosswind and gusts.
- [NTSB ANC97LA034](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ANC97LA034.md): Piper PA-16 · Iliamna, AK · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Mar 13, 1997 · N5326H · Substantial damage
  > failure of the pilot to maintain adequate airspeed during the flare, which resulted in a hard landing.
- [NTSB CHI97LA086](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI97LA086.md): Grumman American AG5B · Greencastle, IN · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Mar 12, 1997 · N125VU · Substantial damage
  > The student pilot's improper recovery from a bounced landing.
- [NTSB LAX97LA119](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX97LA119.md): Cessna 172N · Oakland, CA · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Mar 10, 1997 · N6375D · Substantial damage
  > the student pilot's failure to completely reduce the throttle after landing, and his failure to maintain proper runway alignment.
- [NTSB CHI97LA080](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI97LA080.md): Champion 7GCB · Two Harbors, MN · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Mar 9, 1997 · N9950Y · Substantial damage
  > failure of the pilot to maintain directional control of the airplane during landing. Factors relating to the accident were: the gusty crosswind condition, and the snowbank.
- [NTSB ATL97LA049](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ATL97LA049.md): Cessna 441 · Madison, MS · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Mar 9, 1997 · N423TG · Substantial damage
  > failure of the pilot to follow the landing checklist, which resulted in a gear-up landing.
- [NTSB IAD97FA052](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/IAD97FA052.md): McDonnell Douglas DC-9-82 · Cleveland, OH · Accident · Minor injuries · Field investigation · Final report · Mar 6, 1997 · N275AA · Substantial damage
  > The pilot in command did not maintain control while utilizing the full auto-land system. Factors to this accident were a contaminated runway, a crosswind, and inadequate guidance provided in the aircraft manual.
- [NTSB CHI97LA079](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI97LA079.md): Bellanca 17-30A · Monroe, MI · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Mar 6, 1997 · N8782V · Substantial damage
  > the pilot failed to maintain directional control of the aircraft during landing. Factors included the inadequate compensation for the crosswind conditions, the crosswind, and gusts.
- [NTSB FTW97IA120](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/FTW97IA120.md): Swearingen SA227-AC · Abilene, TX · Incident · No injuries · Incident investigation · Final report · Mar 4, 1997 · N373PH · No damage
  > The flightcrew's failure to maintain aircraft control. Factors were the tailwind and a partial nosewheel steering failure.
- [NTSB FTW97TA115](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/FTW97TA115.md): Piper PA-18-150 · Laredo, TX · Accident · Minor injuries · Final report · Mar 3, 1997 · N2320P · Substantial damage
  > the pilot allowed the airplane to get into an excessive rate of descent, during approach for an off-airport landing.
- [NTSB NYC97LA059](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/NYC97LA059.md): Beech J35 · Pittstown, NJ · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Mar 2, 1997 · N88AA · Substantial damage
  > the pilot's placing the fuel selector in the improper position causing fuel starvation and a loss of engine power. The loss of engine power resulted in a forced landing on the runway during an aborted landing.
- [NTSB FTW97LA111](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/FTW97LA111.md): Cessna TR182 · Pueblo, CO · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Mar 1, 1997 · N2396S · Substantial damage
  > Improper repair to the nose landing gear assembly. A factor was binding of the nose gear extension assembly due to the improper repair.
- [NTSB MIA97LA088](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/MIA97LA088.md): Learjet LR35 · Greenville, SC · Accident · Minor injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Feb 27, 1997 · N440HM · Destroyed
  > The pilot-in-command's failure to achieve the proper touchdown point on a known wet runway, resulting in a subsequent overrun and on ground collision with a ditch.
- [NTSB SEA97LA066](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/SEA97LA066.md): Cessna 152 · College Place, WA · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Feb 26, 1997 · N48965 · Substantial damage
  > The certified flight instructor's improper in-flight decision to continue the landing attempt and not perform a go-around, her failure to attain the proper touchdown point, and her failure to apply proper remedial action. A contributing factor was the…
- [NTSB LAX97LA113](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX97LA113.md): Cessna 172M · Petaluma, CA · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Feb 24, 1997 · N20508 · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's inadequate compensation for the crosswind condition and his failure to maintain directional control.
- [NTSB LAX97LA111](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX97LA111.md): Piper PA-28-236 · Palo Alto, CA · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Feb 24, 1997 · N4341M · Substantial damage
  > the pilot's improper flare and improper recovery from a bounced landing, which resulted in a porpoise and subsequent overload failure of the nose gear.
- [NTSB LAX97LA106](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX97LA106.md): Aeronca 7AC · Rubidoux, CA · Accident · Minor injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Feb 23, 1997 · N84486 · Substantial damage
  > the pilot's inadequate compensation for the existing gusty crosswind condition, and his failure to maintain runway alignment. The gusty crosswind was a related factor.
- [NTSB CHI97LA071](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI97LA071.md): Cessna 152 · Point Lookout, MO · Accident · Serious injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Feb 22, 1997 · N46865 · Destroyed
  > the student pilot failed to maintain adequate airspeed and encountered a stall. The factors involved were raising the flaps was not performed, directional control was not maintained and recovery from bounced landing was improper.
- [NTSB SEA97LA060](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/SEA97LA060.md): Cessna 172N · Delta, UT · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Feb 21, 1997 · N5552E · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's failure to adequately compensate for the prevailing wind conditions, and his subsequent failure to maintain directional control during the landing roll. Factors contributing to the accident are a sudden shift in the prevailing wind at the time of…
- [NTSB IAD97IA048](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/IAD97IA048.md): McDonnell Douglas MD-82 · Newark, NJ · Incident · No injuries · Incident investigation · Final report · Feb 17, 1997 · N34838 · Minor damage
  > fatigue fracture of the upper lock link, which led to the collapse of the nose gear during landing.
- [NTSB FTW97LA104](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/FTW97LA104.md): Cessna 172M · San Antonio, TX · Accident · Minor injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Feb 16, 1997 · N80814 · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's failure to maintain airspeed resulting in an inadvertent stall. A factor was the pilot's lack of recent experience.
- [NTSB ATL97LA041](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ATL97LA041.md): Piper PA-28R-200 · Winston Salem, NC · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Feb 12, 1997 · N15013 · Substantial damage
  > the pilot's inadequate compensation for wind conditions and failure to maintain directional cntrol of the airplane, which resulted in a ground swerve and collapse of the right main landing gear. The crosswind was a related factor.

Next page: https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-phases/550/cases.md?page=294

## The whole list in SQL

Runs in DuckDB 1.2 or later on the release's Parquet files over HTTPS:

```sql
WITH phase_names(main, name) AS (VALUES (100, 'Prior to flight'), (150, 'Standing'), (200, 'Pushback/towing'), (250, 'Taxi'), (300, 'Takeoff'), (350, 'Initial climb'), (400, 'Enroute'), (450, 'Maneuvering'), (500, 'Approach'), (550, 'Landing'), (600, 'Emergency descent'), (650, 'Uncontrolled descent'), (700, 'Post-impact'), (750, 'After landing'), (800, 'Other'), (990, 'Unknown')),
  crosswalk(code, main, name) AS (VALUES (500, 150, 'Standing'), (501, 150, 'Standing - pre-flight'), (502, 150, 'Standing - starting engine(s)'), (503, 150, 'Standing - engine(s) operating'), (504, 150, 'Standing - engine(s) not operating'), (505, 150, 'Standing - idling rotors'), (510, 250, 'Taxi'), (511, 200, 'Taxi - pushback/tow'), (512, 250, 'Taxi - to takeoff'), (513, 250, 'Taxi - from landing'), (514, 250, 'Taxi - aerial'), (520, 300, 'Takeoff'), (521, 300, 'Takeoff - roll/run'), (522, 350, 'Takeoff - initial climb'), (523, 300, 'Takeoff - aborted'), (530, 400, 'Climb'), (531, 400, 'Climb - to cruise'), (540, 400, 'Cruise'), (541, 400, 'Cruise - normal'), (542, 400, 'Maneuvering - holding (IFR)'), (550, 400, 'Descent'), (551, 400, 'Descent - normal'), (552, 600, 'Descent - emergency'), (553, 650, 'Descent - uncontrolled'), (560, 500, 'Approach'), (561, 500, 'Approach - VFR pattern - downwind'), (562, 500, 'Approach - VFR pattern - base turn'), (563, 500, 'Approach - VFR pattern - base leg/base to final'), (564, 500, 'Approach - VFR pattern - final approach'), (565, 500, 'Go-around (VFR)'), (566, 500, 'Approach - IAF to FAF/outer marker (IFR)'), (567, 500, 'Approach - FAF/outer marker to threshold (IFR)'), (568, 500, 'Circling (IFR)'), (569, 500, 'Missed approach (IFR)'), (570, 550, 'Landing'), (571, 550, 'Landing - flare/touchdown'), (572, 550, 'Landing - roll'), (573, 550, 'Landing - aborted'), (574, 550, 'Emergency landing'), (575, 550, 'Emergency landing after takeoff'), (576, 600, 'Emergency descent/landing'), (580, 450, 'Maneuvering'), (581, 450, 'Maneuvering - aerial application'), (582, 450, 'Maneuvering - turn to reverse direction'), (583, 450, 'Maneuvering - turn to landing area (emergency)'), (590, 450, 'Hover'), (591, 450, 'Hover - in ground effect'), (592, 450, 'Hover - out of ground effect'), (600, 800, 'Other'), (610, 990, 'Unknown')),
  current_codes AS (
    SELECT e.case_mkey, TRY_CAST(e."tier1Number" AS INTEGER) AS code,
      row_number() OVER (PARTITION BY e.case_mkey ORDER BY coalesce(e."isDefiningEvent", false) DESC, e.position) AS n
    FROM 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_events.parquet' e
    WHERE e.aircrafts_position = 1 AND e."tier1Number" GLOB '[1-9][0-9]*'
      AND (e."isDefiningEvent" OR e.case_mkey IN (SELECT "mKey" FROM 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_case_detail.parquet' WHERE "isPre1982"))
  ),
  phases AS (
    SELECT case_mkey, 'current' AS scheme, code, CASE WHEN code >= 990 THEN 990 ELSE code // 50 * 50 END AS main
    FROM current_codes WHERE n = 1
    UNION ALL
    SELECT o.case_mkey, 'older', o."phaseOfFlightCode", w.main
    FROM 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_occurrences.parquet' o JOIN crosswalk w ON w.code = o."phaseOfFlightCode"
    WHERE o.aircrafts_position = 1 AND o."occurrenceNumber" = 1 AND o.case_mkey NOT IN (SELECT case_mkey FROM current_codes)
  ),
  case_phases AS (
    SELECT p.*, c."eventDate", c."highestInjuryLevel" = 'Fatal' AS fatal, a.aircraft_model_code
    FROM phases p JOIN 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_case_detail.parquet' c ON c."mKey" = p.case_mkey
    LEFT JOIN 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_aircrafts.parquet' a ON a.case_mkey = p.case_mkey AND a.position = 1
    WHERE c."eventDate" >= DATE '1962-01-01' AND p.main IN (SELECT main FROM phase_names)
  )
SELECT c."ntsbNumber", c."eventDate", c."eventType", c."eventCity", c."eventStateOrRegion", a.n_number, a."aircraftMake", a."aircraftModel", c."highestInjuryLevel", c."totalFatal", c."completionStatus", c.report_url
FROM 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_case_detail.parquet' c LEFT JOIN 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_aircrafts.parquet' a ON a.case_mkey = c."mKey" AND a.position = 1
WHERE c."mKey" IN (SELECT case_mkey FROM case_phases WHERE main = 550)
ORDER BY c."eventDate" DESC, c."ntsbNumber" DESC
```

This list as a web page: https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-phases/550/cases?page=293

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