# NTSB investigations: Landing

NTSB aviation accident and incident investigations since 1962: the probable cause, findings, aircraft, crew, weather and docket of each, linked to the FAA registry and the FAA’s own reports.

Page 296 of 1,075 · 53,703 cases

## Cases, newest first

- [NTSB CHI97LA008](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI97LA008.md): Hughes 369E · Hesston, KS · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Oct 15, 1996 · N504AP · Substantial damage
  > the pilot selected unsuitable terrain for landing. The factors involved were: an inoperative landing light, dusk light conditions, and the terrain condition.
- [NTSB CHI97LA015](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI97LA015.md): Cessna 180 · New Richmond, WI · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Oct 14, 1996 · N1535C · Substantial damage
  > the dual student's failure to recover from the bounced landing and the instructor pilot's failure to correct the situation in time.
- [NTSB IAD97LA007](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/IAD97LA007.md): Mooney M20J · Harlan, KY · Accident · Minor injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Oct 13, 1996 · N950Z · Substantial damage
  > the pilot's misjudged distance and speed, and his faiure to attain the proper touchdown point during the landing, which resulted in overrun of the runway and an encounter with terrain.
- [NTSB SEA97LA014](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/SEA97LA014.md): Cessna 172M · Albany, OR · Accident · Minor injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Oct 12, 1996 · N9579H · 2 aircraft · Substantial damage
  > failure of the SA-750 pilot to see-and-avoid the Cessna 172, which had landed ahead of him on the same runway. The inherent visual restrictions of the SA-750 (a tandem two-place biplane) was a related factor.
- [NTSB FTW97LA017](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/FTW97LA017.md): Piper PA-18-135 · Boulder, CO · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Oct 12, 1996 · N9967Q · Substantial damage
  > the pilot's failure to maintain directional control and his improper use of rudder. A factor was the pilot's lack of total experience in the make and model of airplane.
- [NTSB FTW97LA015](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/FTW97LA015.md): Beech BE-55B · Bellville, TX · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Oct 11, 1996 · N179DP · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's failure to maintain airspeed resulting in an inadvertent stall. Factors were the dark night conditions and the pilot's failure to lower the flaps.
- [NTSB ATL97LA001](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ATL97LA001.md): Stinson 108-3 · Morris, AL · Accident · Minor injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Oct 10, 1996 · N10ZP · Substantial damage
  > The pilot selected the wrong runway relative to the wind, and misjudged the proper touchdowm point on the runway. The tailwind was a factor.
- [NTSB FTW97LA023](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/FTW97LA023.md): Aerostar RX 8 · Albuquerque, NM · Accident · Serious injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Oct 8, 1996 · N3581D · No damage
  > A sudden increase in wind velocity.
- [NTSB LAX97LA005](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX97LA005.md): North American F-86 · Salinas, CA · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Oct 6, 1996 · N186SE · Substantial damage
  > an internal failure of a hydraulic pump, which resulted in contamination in the hydraulic system and subsequent loss of the braking system. Factors related to the accident included the proximity of a fence and rough/uneven terrain adjacent to the runway.
- [NTSB NYC97LA002](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/NYC97LA002.md): Cessna 172H · Chatham, MA · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Oct 5, 1996 · N3707R · Substantial damage
  > the pilot's improper flare, which resulted in a hard landing. A factor relating to the accident was: the pilot's lack of experience in the make and model of airplane.
- [NTSB FTW97LA005](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/FTW97LA005.md): Cessna 152 · Colorado Spgs, CO · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Oct 4, 1996 · N25772 · Substantial damage
  > the student pilot attempting to exit the runway onto a taxiway at excessive speed. A factor was the pilot's failure to land the aircraft in the proper touchdown zone.
- [NTSB CHI97LA001](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI97LA001.md): Cessna 140A · Allegan, MI · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Oct 3, 1996 · N5393C · Substantial damage
  > the pilot's failure to maintain directional control during landing.
- [NTSB LAX96LA346](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX96LA346.md): Bell 206B · Fillmore, CA · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Sep 30, 1996 · N59576 · Substantial damage
  > the flight instructor's inadequate supervision and delay in taking remedial action to stop the aircraft's lateral movement, which resulted in a dynamic rollover after touchdown.
- [NTSB FTW96LA405](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/FTW96LA405.md): Israel Aircraft Industries 1125 Westwind Astra · Aspen, CO · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Sep 30, 1996 · N419MK · Substantial damage
  > failure of the right brake antiskid, due to corrosion of a canon plug; and failure of the flight crew to revert to the normal brake system.
- [NTSB CHI96LA356](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI96LA356.md): Piper PA-28R-201 · Chesterfield, MO · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Sep 30, 1996 · N6008H · Substantial damage
  > improper flare by the dual student during the landing, and delayed remedial action by the flight instructor (CFI).
- [NTSB NYC96LA190](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/NYC96LA190.md): Bins Kitfox IV · Pittsfield, MA · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Sep 28, 1996 · N211KF · Substantial damage
  > the pilot's inadequate compensation for wind conditions, which resulted in a loss of directional control, the airplane veering off the runway, and a subsequent nose over. The adverse wind condition and uneven terrain were related factors.
- [NTSB ANC96LA165](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ANC96LA165.md): Cessna 185 · Nome, AK · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Sep 28, 1996 · N222WH · Substantial damage
  > failure of the pilot to maintain proper alignment of the selected landing area. Subsequent encounter with rocks was a related factor.
- [NTSB LAX96FA344](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX96FA344.md): Thunder and Colt Colt 240A · Phoenix, AZ · Accident · Serious injuries · Field investigation · Final report · Sep 27, 1996 · N434TC · Minor damage
  > The pilot's impairment of judgment and performance due to drugs which led to his misjudgment of his descent rate during landing. Contributing factors were: his failure to activate the deflation device (rip line) and turn off the pilot lights, improper use of…
- [NTSB FTW96LA401](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/FTW96LA401.md): Piper PA28-151 · Falcon, CO · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Sep 25, 1996 · N41369 · Substantial damage
  > Failure by the pilot to select suitable terrain for landing. Factors were inadequate preflight planning and preparation for the flight by the pilot by failing to check NOTAMS and failing to use communication aids available to him.
- [NTSB FTW96TA398](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/FTW96TA398.md): Hughes 269C · Houston, TX · Accident · Minor injuries · Final report · Sep 24, 1996 · N7492F · Substantial damage
  > company maintenance personnel not complying with maintenance procedures and directives to inspect the helicopter's skids, which allowed the right skid to wear beyond the manufacturer's tolerances.
- [NTSB CHI96LA347](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI96LA347.md): Champion 7ECA · Fargo, ND · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Sep 24, 1996 · N68ME · Substantial damage
  > the pilot's failure to maintain directional control of the airplane during the landing. A factor was the crosswind.
- [NTSB SEA96LA218](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/SEA96LA218.md): Cessna 170 · Enterprise, OR · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Sep 22, 1996 · N2496D · Substantial damage
  > the pilot's misjudgment of speed and distance during the approach/landing, his failure to attain a proper touchdown point during the landing, and his failure to go around (while there was sufficient runway remaining). The short runway was a related factor.
- [NTSB SEA96LA217](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/SEA96LA217.md): Cessna 182P · Driggs, ID · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Sep 22, 1996 · N9017M · Substantial damage
  > the pilot's inadequate compensation for wind conditions and failure to maintain directional control of the airplane, which resulted in an inadvertent ground swerve. Factors relating to the accident were: the gusty wind and soft terrain beside the runway.
- [NTSB IAD96LA152](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/IAD96LA152.md): Cessna 182B · Hanover, PA · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Sep 22, 1996 · N2731G · Substantial damage
  > the pilot's improper planning/decision and failure to maintain clearance from obstacles during the landing roll. Related factors were: darkness, the lack of usable runway lights, and the road grading equipment parked 50 feet from the edge of the grass runway.
- [NTSB CHI96LA355](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI96LA355.md): Piper PA-22-150 · Jordan, MN · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Sep 21, 1996 · N2505P · Substantial damage
  > the pilot's failure to maintain directional control during the landing roll.
- [NTSB ANC96LA167](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ANC96LA167.md): Piper PA-18 · Noatak, AK · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Sep 21, 1996 · N9366D · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's selection of unsuitable terrain for landing.
- [NTSB CHI96LA341](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI96LA341.md): Cessna 152 · Lakeville, MN · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Sep 17, 1996 · N757PC · Substantial damage
  > the student pilot misjudged the landing flare which resulted in the hard landing.
- [NTSB ANC96LA160](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ANC96LA160.md): Piper PA-18-150 · Kotzebue, AK · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Sep 17, 1996 · N3086Z · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's selection of an unsuitable landing area. A factor in the accident was the soft terrain.
- [NTSB NYC96LA185](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/NYC96LA185.md): Cessna 182 · Stow, MA · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Sep 16, 1996 · N737MD · Substantial damage
  > the pilot's misjudgment of speed and distance during the landing, and his failure to go around while there was sufficient runway remaining, which resulted in a runway overrun and an encounter with a soft terrain at the edge of a pond. Wet grass on the runway…
- [NTSB IAD96LA146](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/IAD96LA146.md): Piper PA-28-235 · Westminster, MD · Accident · Serious injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Sep 15, 1996 · N9074W · Substantial damage
  > the pilot's misjudgement of his speed and distance, his failure to attain the proper touchdown point during the landing, and his delay in executing a go-around (aborted landing), which resulted in an overrun.
- [NTSB CHI96LA339](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI96LA339.md): Piper PA-25 · Highland, IL · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Sep 14, 1996 · N7753Z · 2 aircraft · Minor damage
  > failure of the Piper PA-25 tow pilot to see-and-avoid the Blanik L-23 glider. A factor relating to the accident was: neither aircraft was equipped with a communication radio.
- [NTSB LAX96LA336](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX96LA336.md): Pitts S-1S · Reno, NV · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Sep 13, 1996 · N230MP · 2 aircraft · Substantial damage
  > The pilot of N230MP inadequate visual lookout while landing on a runway occupied by another known aircraft. A factor in the accident was the procedure to allow simultaneous landings by aircraft on the same runway.
- [NTSB LAX96LA333](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX96LA333.md): Cessna 170B · Concord, CA · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Sep 13, 1996 · N2916D · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's failure to maintain directional control. The 40-degree crosswind component was a factor in this accident.
- [NTSB ANC96LA166](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ANC96LA166.md): Piper PA-12 · Chitina, AK · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Sep 13, 1996 · N7895H · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's selection of an unsuitable landing site. A factor associated with the accident is the rough and uneven landing site.
- [NTSB FTW96LA387](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/FTW96LA387.md): Cessna 182Q · Fayetteville, AR · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Sep 12, 1996 · N97685 · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's failure to obtain the proper touchdown point on the runway. Factors were gust and the slick, mowed grass runway.
- [NTSB ATL96LA126](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ATL96LA126.md): Cessna 177 · Lyon, MS · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Sep 12, 1996 · N29464 · Substantial damage
  > the student pilot's failure to maintain directional control of the airplane during a touch-and-go landing, which resulted in a ground swerve. The gusty crosswind condition was a related factor.
- [NTSB FTW96LA380](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/FTW96LA380.md): Bell UH-1H · Leadville, CO · Accident · Serious injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Sep 10, 1996 · N23Y · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's improper inflight planning/decision in that he used an inadequate airspeed or an inadequate altitude, or both, for the intentional autorotation.
- [NTSB ANC96LA156](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ANC96LA156.md): Cessna 182 · Fairbanks, AK · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Sep 10, 1996 · N6022B · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's inadequate compensation for gusty wind conditions during the landing roll. A factor associated with the accident is the gusty wind conditions.
- [NTSB ANC96LA147](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ANC96LA147.md): Rans 7 · Anchorage, AK · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Sep 9, 1996 · N4012H · Substantial damage
  > the pilot's improper recovery from a bounced landing and failure to maintain control of the aircraft. A factor relatated to the accident was: the pilot's improper decision to continue the flight after he identified he was having difficulty landing the…
- [NTSB CHI96LA329](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI96LA329.md): Cessna 172 · Wellston, MI · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Sep 8, 1996 · N7016T · Substantial damage
  > The pilot failed to maintain control of the aircraft. Factors were the rough road, the tree, and the tire.
- [NTSB ANC96LA152](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ANC96LA152.md): Cessna 206F · Talkeetna, AK · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Sep 8, 1996 · N9515G · Substantial damage
  > The disconnection of the nosegear scissors assembly due to the loss of a retainer bolt.
- [NTSB ANC96LA150](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ANC96LA150.md): Piper PA-18 · Palmer, AK · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Sep 8, 1996 · N9116D · Substantial damage
  > the pilot's improper braking action, which resulted in an inadvertent ground swerve and subsequent damage to the airplane. His excessive airspeed during landing was a related factor.
- [NTSB LAX96LA328](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX96LA328.md): Cessna 425 · Auburn, CA · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Sep 5, 1996 · N425WB · Substantial damage
  > failure of the right brake system (master cylinder O-ring seal). Factors relating to the accident were: the narrow runway, and the presence of a ditch adjacent to the runway.
- [NTSB FTW96LA376](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/FTW96LA376.md): Cessna 150M · Boulder, CO · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Sep 5, 1996 · N704QR · Substantial damage
  > an improper flare by the student pilot, and his improper recovery from a bounced landing. A factor relating to the accident was: the student pilot's lack of experience in the type (model) of aircraft.
- [NTSB SEA96LA210](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/SEA96LA210.md): Cessna 120 · Nampa, ID · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Sep 4, 1996 · N2595N · Substantial damage
  > the solo student pilot's failure to maintain directional control of the airplane during the landing roll, which resulted in a ground loop/swerve.
- [NTSB MIA96LA222](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/MIA96LA222.md): Cessna 152 · Stuart, FL · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Sep 3, 1996 · N93102 · Substantial damage
  > The student pilot's improper recovery from a bounced landing, resulting in a loss of directional control, collapse of the nose gear, and subsequent nose down on the runway.
- [NTSB ANC96LA136](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ANC96LA136.md): Maule M-4 · Skwentna, AK · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Sep 3, 1996 · N4726T · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's selection of an unsuitable landing site. A factor associated with the accident was the rough and uneven terrain.
- [NTSB LAX96LA327](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX96LA327.md): Piper PA-28-140 · Kernville, CA · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Sep 2, 1996 · N5480F · Substantial damage
  > brake failure due to a stripped brake fitting that allowed the brake fluid to leak out of the system. The failure of maintenance personnel to detect and repair the faulty brake line during the last 100-hour inspection, and the pilot's failure to perform a…
- [NTSB IAD96LA143](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/IAD96LA143.md): Cessna T210N · Wadsworth, OH · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Sep 2, 1996 · N6614Y · Substantial damage
  > the pilot's misjudgment of distance and speed, and his failure to attain a proper touchdown point, during the landing. Factors related to the accident were: dusk light conditions, and a tailwind.
- [NTSB CHI96LA326](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI96LA326.md): Cessna 172 · Chicago, IL · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Sep 2, 1996 · N65785 · Substantial damage
  > the pilot's improper flare and improper recovery from a bounced landing. A factor relating to the accident was: the pilot's lack of experience (or lack of training) in recovery from bounced landings.

Next page: https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-phases/550/cases.md?page=297

## The whole list in SQL

Runs in DuckDB 1.2 or later on the release's Parquet files over HTTPS:

```sql
WITH phase_names(main, name) AS (VALUES (100, 'Prior to flight'), (150, 'Standing'), (200, 'Pushback/towing'), (250, 'Taxi'), (300, 'Takeoff'), (350, 'Initial climb'), (400, 'Enroute'), (450, 'Maneuvering'), (500, 'Approach'), (550, 'Landing'), (600, 'Emergency descent'), (650, 'Uncontrolled descent'), (700, 'Post-impact'), (750, 'After landing'), (800, 'Other'), (990, 'Unknown')),
  crosswalk(code, main, name) AS (VALUES (500, 150, 'Standing'), (501, 150, 'Standing - pre-flight'), (502, 150, 'Standing - starting engine(s)'), (503, 150, 'Standing - engine(s) operating'), (504, 150, 'Standing - engine(s) not operating'), (505, 150, 'Standing - idling rotors'), (510, 250, 'Taxi'), (511, 200, 'Taxi - pushback/tow'), (512, 250, 'Taxi - to takeoff'), (513, 250, 'Taxi - from landing'), (514, 250, 'Taxi - aerial'), (520, 300, 'Takeoff'), (521, 300, 'Takeoff - roll/run'), (522, 350, 'Takeoff - initial climb'), (523, 300, 'Takeoff - aborted'), (530, 400, 'Climb'), (531, 400, 'Climb - to cruise'), (540, 400, 'Cruise'), (541, 400, 'Cruise - normal'), (542, 400, 'Maneuvering - holding (IFR)'), (550, 400, 'Descent'), (551, 400, 'Descent - normal'), (552, 600, 'Descent - emergency'), (553, 650, 'Descent - uncontrolled'), (560, 500, 'Approach'), (561, 500, 'Approach - VFR pattern - downwind'), (562, 500, 'Approach - VFR pattern - base turn'), (563, 500, 'Approach - VFR pattern - base leg/base to final'), (564, 500, 'Approach - VFR pattern - final approach'), (565, 500, 'Go-around (VFR)'), (566, 500, 'Approach - IAF to FAF/outer marker (IFR)'), (567, 500, 'Approach - FAF/outer marker to threshold (IFR)'), (568, 500, 'Circling (IFR)'), (569, 500, 'Missed approach (IFR)'), (570, 550, 'Landing'), (571, 550, 'Landing - flare/touchdown'), (572, 550, 'Landing - roll'), (573, 550, 'Landing - aborted'), (574, 550, 'Emergency landing'), (575, 550, 'Emergency landing after takeoff'), (576, 600, 'Emergency descent/landing'), (580, 450, 'Maneuvering'), (581, 450, 'Maneuvering - aerial application'), (582, 450, 'Maneuvering - turn to reverse direction'), (583, 450, 'Maneuvering - turn to landing area (emergency)'), (590, 450, 'Hover'), (591, 450, 'Hover - in ground effect'), (592, 450, 'Hover - out of ground effect'), (600, 800, 'Other'), (610, 990, 'Unknown')),
  current_codes AS (
    SELECT e.case_mkey, TRY_CAST(e."tier1Number" AS INTEGER) AS code,
      row_number() OVER (PARTITION BY e.case_mkey ORDER BY coalesce(e."isDefiningEvent", false) DESC, e.position) AS n
    FROM 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_events.parquet' e
    WHERE e.aircrafts_position = 1 AND e."tier1Number" GLOB '[1-9][0-9]*'
      AND (e."isDefiningEvent" OR e.case_mkey IN (SELECT "mKey" FROM 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_case_detail.parquet' WHERE "isPre1982"))
  ),
  phases AS (
    SELECT case_mkey, 'current' AS scheme, code, CASE WHEN code >= 990 THEN 990 ELSE code // 50 * 50 END AS main
    FROM current_codes WHERE n = 1
    UNION ALL
    SELECT o.case_mkey, 'older', o."phaseOfFlightCode", w.main
    FROM 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_occurrences.parquet' o JOIN crosswalk w ON w.code = o."phaseOfFlightCode"
    WHERE o.aircrafts_position = 1 AND o."occurrenceNumber" = 1 AND o.case_mkey NOT IN (SELECT case_mkey FROM current_codes)
  ),
  case_phases AS (
    SELECT p.*, c."eventDate", c."highestInjuryLevel" = 'Fatal' AS fatal, a.aircraft_model_code
    FROM phases p JOIN 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_case_detail.parquet' c ON c."mKey" = p.case_mkey
    LEFT JOIN 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_aircrafts.parquet' a ON a.case_mkey = p.case_mkey AND a.position = 1
    WHERE c."eventDate" >= DATE '1962-01-01' AND p.main IN (SELECT main FROM phase_names)
  )
SELECT c."ntsbNumber", c."eventDate", c."eventType", c."eventCity", c."eventStateOrRegion", a.n_number, a."aircraftMake", a."aircraftModel", c."highestInjuryLevel", c."totalFatal", c."completionStatus", c.report_url
FROM 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_case_detail.parquet' c LEFT JOIN 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_aircrafts.parquet' a ON a.case_mkey = c."mKey" AND a.position = 1
WHERE c."mKey" IN (SELECT case_mkey FROM case_phases WHERE main = 550)
ORDER BY c."eventDate" DESC, c."ntsbNumber" DESC
```

This list as a web page: https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-phases/550/cases?page=296

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