# NTSB investigations: Landing

NTSB aviation accident and incident investigations since 1962: the probable cause, findings, aircraft, crew, weather and docket of each, linked to the FAA registry and the FAA’s own reports.

Page 306 of 1,075 · 53,703 cases

## Cases, newest first

- [NTSB CHI96LA036](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI96LA036.md): Cessna 150M · Lacon, IL · Accident · Serious injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Nov 21, 1995 · N714QH · Substantial damage
  > was the compensation for wind conditions inadequate and aircraft control not maintained. A factor was directional control inadequately maintained.
- [NTSB BFO96LA025](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/BFO96LA025.md): Sellors Kitfox IV · Pasadena, MD · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Nov 20, 1995 · N86548 · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's improper (abrupt) application of brakes during the landing roll. Factors relating to the accicent were: the pilot's failure to attain the proper touchdown point during the landing, and his lack of experience in the make and model of airplane.
- [NTSB LAX96LA047](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX96LA047.md): Beech D-50 · Jackson, CA · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Nov 17, 1995 · N100AV · Destroyed
  > the failure of the pilot-in-command to follow the pre-landing checklist which resulted in his failure to extend the landing gear and an inadvertent wheels-up landing.
- [NTSB ATL96LA011](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ATL96LA011.md): Cessna 421 · Peachtree City, GA · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Nov 17, 1995 · N707WC · Substantial damage
  > Deer on the runway during a night landing that resulted in the collision.
- [NTSB SEA96LA018](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/SEA96LA018.md): Piper PA-22-160 · Seeley Lake, MT · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Nov 15, 1995 · N8431D · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's selection of unsuitable terrain for landing. The snow covered runway was a factor.
- [NTSB CHI96LA028](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI96LA028.md): Cessna 421 · Romeo, MI · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Nov 12, 1995 · N1588G · Substantial damage
  > the failure of the pilot to maintain sufficient airspeed during landing, causing the inadvertent stall. A factor was the icing conditions.
- [NTSB FTW96LA047](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/FTW96LA047.md): Cessna 210B · Loveland, CO · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Nov 11, 1995 · N9651X · Substantial damage
  > Failure of the pilot to extend the landing gear.
- [NTSB CHI96LA033](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI96LA033.md): Forney F-1 · Estherville, IA · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Nov 11, 1995 · N7515C · Substantial damage
  > the pilot's failure to maintain directional control of the airplane during the landing. A factor associated with the accident was the crosswind condition.
- [NTSB MIA96LA022](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/MIA96LA022.md): Cessna 182Q · Snellville, GA · Accident · Minor injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Nov 10, 1995 · N759XV · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's failure to attain the proper touchdown point on landing. The sunglare and wet grass were factors.
- [NTSB NYC96LA026](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/NYC96LA026.md): Fairchild Merlin Iiia · Butler, PA · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Nov 7, 1995 · N636SP · Substantial damage
  > failure of the pilot to perform a missed approach, when the airplane was not properly aligned with the landing runway; and his failure to properly flare the airplane, which resulted in a hard landing.
- [NTSB CHI96LA026](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI96LA026.md): Cessna 150 · Wabash, IN · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Nov 5, 1995 · N21960 · Substantial damage
  > deer that went onto the runway as the aircraft was landing. The light condition at dusk was a related factor.
- [NTSB MIA96LA016](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/MIA96LA016.md): Piper PA-28R-201T · Fort Lauderdale, FL · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Nov 3, 1995 · N33309 · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's failure to follow procedures, resulting in the airplane being landed with the landing gear in the up position.
- [NTSB BFO96LA017](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/BFO96LA017.md): Cessna 177RG · College Park, MD · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Nov 2, 1995 · N2132Q · Substantial damage
  > the main landing gear retracted for undetermined reasons.
- [NTSB FTW96LA036](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/FTW96LA036.md): Cessna 152 · Marietta, OK · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Nov 1, 1995 · N49131 · Substantial damage
  > the pilot's failure to maintain directional control. A factor was the wet grass runway.
- [NTSB LAX96LA034](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX96LA034.md): Cessna 310C · Boulder City, NV · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Oct 30, 1995 · N1755H · Substantial damage
  > the pilot's improper aircraft handling during touchdown which resulted in the right wing and horizontal stabilizer dragging on the runway. The poorly planned landing approach was a factor.
- [NTSB LAX96LA031](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX96LA031.md): Piper PA-18 · Bullhead City, AZ · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Oct 30, 1995 · N6988B · Substantial damage
  > The failure of the pilot/flight instructor to adequately supervise the student pilot resulting in loss of directional control, and his abrupt overcorrection resulting in a waterloop. A contributing factor was the pilot's limited experience as a flight…
- [NTSB LAX96LA033](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX96LA033.md): Russell KR-2 · Adelanto, CA · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Oct 29, 1995 · N14MR · Substantial damage
  > the pilot's misjudgement of the height above touchdown and his premature flare, which resulted in a hard landing.
- [NTSB MIA96LA015](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/MIA96LA015.md): Consolidated Aeronautics Lake LA-4-200 · Morganton, NC · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Oct 28, 1995 · N6180V · Substantial damage
  > The pilot-in-command's excessive rate of descent on short final.
- [NTSB ANC96TA011](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ANC96TA011.md): Bellanca 8GCBC · Fairbanks, AK · Accident · Minor injuries · Final report · Oct 28, 1995 · N88417 · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's inadequate recovery from a bounced landing. The snow-covered landing surface and the pilot's decision not to perform a go-around were factors.
- [NTSB LAX96LA025](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX96LA025.md): Cessna 172 · Livermore, CA · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Oct 27, 1995 · N2967E · Substantial damage
  > the pilot's failure to maintain directional control during the landing roll. A contributing factor was the rough/uneven terrain.
- [NTSB FTW96LA034](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/FTW96LA034.md): Cessna T210F · Tulsa, OK · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Oct 27, 1995 · N6115R · Substantial damage
  > the pilot's failure to secure a cellular telephone which jammed the rudder pedals.
- [NTSB FTW96LA029](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/FTW96LA029.md): Cessna 150L · Norman, OK · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Oct 26, 1995 · N5350Q · Substantial damage
  > The student pilot's improper recovery from a bounced landing and the flight instructor's inadequate supervision of the flight. Factors were the gusty wind conditions and the student pilot's failure to obtain and maintain proper compensation for the wind…
- [NTSB CHI96LA021](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI96LA021.md): Piper PA-34 · Indianapolis, IN · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Oct 26, 1995 · N8LP · Substantial damage
  > the pilot's failure to lower the landing gear. Factors which contributed to the accident were: inadequate preflight necessitating a precautionary landing and the pilot's failure to use the pre-landing checklist.
- [NTSB LAX96LA021](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX96LA021.md): Cessna 182L · Auburn, CA · Accident · Minor injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Oct 25, 1995 · N42712 · Substantial damage
  > the pilot's failure to maintain directional control following a hard landing. His physical impairment was a factor.
- [NTSB SEA96LA011](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/SEA96LA011.md): Cessna 210L · Lincoln, MT · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Oct 24, 1995 · N1752X · Substantial damage
  > The failure of the pilot to follow the landing checklist and assure that the landing gear was extended. Factors relating to the accident were: the pilot's diverted attention, and an inoperative landing gear warning system.
- [NTSB LAX96LA020](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX96LA020.md): Pitts Special S-1C · San Carlos, CA · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Oct 24, 1995 · N9060N · Substantial damage
  > the pilot's misjudged landing approach, failure to achieve the proper touchdown point, and his delayed decision to abort the landing.
- [NTSB CHI96LA024](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI96LA024.md): Cessna A185E · Liberal, KS · Accident · Minor injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Oct 24, 1995 · N1613M · Substantial damage
  > the pilot's inadequate compensation for wind conditions, which resulted in a loss of directional control and an inadvertent ground swerve.
- [NTSB BFO96LA019](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/BFO96LA019.md): Cessna T210L · College Park, MD · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Oct 24, 1995 · N89EP · Substantial damage
  > the pilot's improper recovery from a bounced landing and his failure to initiate a go-around. Related factors were the crosswind and the pilot's concern about being late for meetings he had scheduled.
- [NTSB FTW96TA021](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/FTW96TA021.md): Beech 95 · Albuquerque, NM · Accident · No injuries · Final report · Oct 22, 1995 · N661T · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's improper inflight decision to make a landing on an unlit runway and his failure to maintain directional control of the airplane. Factors were the inoperative runway lights, bright lights from surrounding areas, and the pilot's attention being…
- [NTSB FTW96LA032](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/FTW96LA032.md): Cessna 175 · Deer, AR · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Oct 22, 1995 · N7421M · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's selection of a downwind runway for landing. Factors were the tailwind and the pilot's misinterpretation of the wind conditions.
- [NTSB ANC96LA008](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ANC96LA008.md): Cessna 185 · Yakutat, AK · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Oct 22, 1995 · N4755Q · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's improper planning/decision, which resulted in his failure (or inability) to maintain directional control of the airplane, while attempting to negotiate a bend (dog-leg) in the runway. Factors relating to the accident were: variable/gusty wind…
- [NTSB MIA96LA011](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/MIA96LA011.md): Cessna 172Q · Ormond Beach, FL · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Oct 20, 1995 · N913AT · Substantial damage
  > The student pilot's improper recovery from a bounced landing and his failure to execute a go-around. Contributing to the accident were: the student pilot's high, fast approach and his misjudgment of the flare during landing.
- [NTSB CHI96LA018](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI96LA018.md): Cessna 180G · Belle Fourche, SD · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Oct 20, 1995 · N5466E · Substantial damage
  > the pilot's inadequate compensation for the wind conditions and his failure to maintain directional control of the airplane while landing. A factor in the accident was the crosswind conditions.
- [NTSB ANC96LA007](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ANC96LA007.md): Piper PA-18 · Girdwood, AK · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Oct 20, 1995 · N3183Z · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's selection of unsuitable terrain for landing. Soft sandy terrain was a related factor.
- [NTSB LAX96LA015](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX96LA015.md): Petrik Questair Venture · Crescent City, CA · Accident · Minor injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Oct 19, 1995 · N6UN · Substantial damage
  > the pilot's failure to maintain directional control.
- [NTSB FTW96LA018](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/FTW96LA018.md): Cessna 175 · Batesville, AR · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Oct 19, 1995 · N7021M · Substantial damage
  > the pilot's failure to maintain control of the airplane during landing.
- [NTSB CHI96LA009](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI96LA009.md): Cessna 180R · Seattle, WA · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Oct 15, 1995 · N3698C · Substantial damage
  > the pilot's failure to maintain control of the airplane during the landing roll. A factor in the accident was the gusty wind conditions.
- [NTSB BFO96LA008](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/BFO96LA008.md): Grumman American G-1159 · Cleveland, OH · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Oct 12, 1995 · N635AV · Substantial damage
  > the pilots' failure to attain the proper touchdown point and avoid obstacles (construction barricades) during the landing flare/touchdown. Related factors were: the sunglare, which limited in the pilots' visual lookout during the approach, and the unavailable…
- [NTSB FTW96LA015](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/FTW96LA015.md): Adams Kitfox · Seminole, TX · Accident · Minor injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Oct 11, 1995 · N287WA · Substantial damage
  > the pilot's excessive braking.
- [NTSB MIA96LA005](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/MIA96LA005.md): Piper PA-23-250 · Opa Locka, FL · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Oct 10, 1995 · N4587P · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's failure to maintain directional control of the airplane on landing resulted in a loss of control, sliding off the runway into a rock collapsing the landing gear.
- [NTSB FTW96LA013](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/FTW96LA013.md): Aerostar RX 8 · Albuquerque, NM · Accident · Serious injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Oct 10, 1995 · N9153X · No damage
  > The pilot's improper in-flight planning/decision. The variable wind condition was a related factor.
- [NTSB BFO96LA005](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/BFO96LA005.md): Travel Air R · Youngstown, OH · Accident · 1 fatal · Limited investigation · Final report · Oct 10, 1995 · N614K · Destroyed
  > the pilot's improper flare during the landing, which resulted in a hard landing, fuselage damage, loss of aircraft control, and a nose over. A factor relating to the accident was: the pilot's lack of experience in the make and model of airplane.
- [NTSB LAX96LA006](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX96LA006.md): Cessna 172N · Tucson, AZ · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Oct 9, 1995 · N260ER · Substantial damage
  > the pilot's inadequate compensation for the existing tailwind conditions, improper flare, and failure to maintain directional control.
- [NTSB CHI96LA004](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI96LA004.md): Cessna 152II · Troy, MI · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Oct 9, 1995 · N6469P · Substantial damage
  > the pilot's inadequate recovery from a bounced landing. A factor associated with the accident was the quartering tailwind condition and the pilot's selection of the wrong runway on which to land.
- [NTSB FTW96LA011](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/FTW96LA011.md): Cessna 195A · Taos, NM · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Oct 7, 1995 · N9867A · Substantial damage
  > separation of the left main gear wheel as a result of improper maintenance.
- [NTSB ANC96LA002](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ANC96LA002.md): Cessna 150M · Healy, AK · Accident · Minor injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Oct 6, 1995 · N704UQ · Substantial damage
  > A failure of the pilot to adequately compensate for crosswind conditions. A factor in the accident was a crosswind.
- [NTSB BFO96LA002](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/BFO96LA002.md): Beech 95-B55 · Annapolis, MD · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Oct 5, 1995 · N6648W · Substantial damage
  > the pilot's improper planning/decision, and/or failure to go around while there sufficient airspeed and runway remaining during the approach/landing. Factors relating to the accident were: standing water on the runway, and resultant hydroplaning conditions.
- [NTSB FTW96LA006](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/FTW96LA006.md): Donegan Benton Kitfox II · Seguin, TX · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Oct 4, 1995 · N20BD · Substantial damage
  > the pilot's improper braking technique.
- [NTSB LAX95LA347](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX95LA347.md): Cessna 152 · Santa Ana, CA · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Oct 1, 1995 · N68225 · Substantial damage
  > the second pilot's failure to maintain directional control and the first pilot's improper supervision of the flight.
- [NTSB CHI96LA001](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI96LA001.md): Luscombe Phantom 1 · Rolla, MO · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Oct 1, 1995 · N272Y · Substantial damage
  > mechanical failure of the left brake.

Next page: https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-phases/550/cases.md?page=307

## The whole list in SQL

Runs in DuckDB 1.2 or later on the release's Parquet files over HTTPS:

```sql
WITH phase_names(main, name) AS (VALUES (100, 'Prior to flight'), (150, 'Standing'), (200, 'Pushback/towing'), (250, 'Taxi'), (300, 'Takeoff'), (350, 'Initial climb'), (400, 'Enroute'), (450, 'Maneuvering'), (500, 'Approach'), (550, 'Landing'), (600, 'Emergency descent'), (650, 'Uncontrolled descent'), (700, 'Post-impact'), (750, 'After landing'), (800, 'Other'), (990, 'Unknown')),
  crosswalk(code, main, name) AS (VALUES (500, 150, 'Standing'), (501, 150, 'Standing - pre-flight'), (502, 150, 'Standing - starting engine(s)'), (503, 150, 'Standing - engine(s) operating'), (504, 150, 'Standing - engine(s) not operating'), (505, 150, 'Standing - idling rotors'), (510, 250, 'Taxi'), (511, 200, 'Taxi - pushback/tow'), (512, 250, 'Taxi - to takeoff'), (513, 250, 'Taxi - from landing'), (514, 250, 'Taxi - aerial'), (520, 300, 'Takeoff'), (521, 300, 'Takeoff - roll/run'), (522, 350, 'Takeoff - initial climb'), (523, 300, 'Takeoff - aborted'), (530, 400, 'Climb'), (531, 400, 'Climb - to cruise'), (540, 400, 'Cruise'), (541, 400, 'Cruise - normal'), (542, 400, 'Maneuvering - holding (IFR)'), (550, 400, 'Descent'), (551, 400, 'Descent - normal'), (552, 600, 'Descent - emergency'), (553, 650, 'Descent - uncontrolled'), (560, 500, 'Approach'), (561, 500, 'Approach - VFR pattern - downwind'), (562, 500, 'Approach - VFR pattern - base turn'), (563, 500, 'Approach - VFR pattern - base leg/base to final'), (564, 500, 'Approach - VFR pattern - final approach'), (565, 500, 'Go-around (VFR)'), (566, 500, 'Approach - IAF to FAF/outer marker (IFR)'), (567, 500, 'Approach - FAF/outer marker to threshold (IFR)'), (568, 500, 'Circling (IFR)'), (569, 500, 'Missed approach (IFR)'), (570, 550, 'Landing'), (571, 550, 'Landing - flare/touchdown'), (572, 550, 'Landing - roll'), (573, 550, 'Landing - aborted'), (574, 550, 'Emergency landing'), (575, 550, 'Emergency landing after takeoff'), (576, 600, 'Emergency descent/landing'), (580, 450, 'Maneuvering'), (581, 450, 'Maneuvering - aerial application'), (582, 450, 'Maneuvering - turn to reverse direction'), (583, 450, 'Maneuvering - turn to landing area (emergency)'), (590, 450, 'Hover'), (591, 450, 'Hover - in ground effect'), (592, 450, 'Hover - out of ground effect'), (600, 800, 'Other'), (610, 990, 'Unknown')),
  current_codes AS (
    SELECT e.case_mkey, TRY_CAST(e."tier1Number" AS INTEGER) AS code,
      row_number() OVER (PARTITION BY e.case_mkey ORDER BY coalesce(e."isDefiningEvent", false) DESC, e.position) AS n
    FROM 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_events.parquet' e
    WHERE e.aircrafts_position = 1 AND e."tier1Number" GLOB '[1-9][0-9]*'
      AND (e."isDefiningEvent" OR e.case_mkey IN (SELECT "mKey" FROM 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_case_detail.parquet' WHERE "isPre1982"))
  ),
  phases AS (
    SELECT case_mkey, 'current' AS scheme, code, CASE WHEN code >= 990 THEN 990 ELSE code // 50 * 50 END AS main
    FROM current_codes WHERE n = 1
    UNION ALL
    SELECT o.case_mkey, 'older', o."phaseOfFlightCode", w.main
    FROM 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_occurrences.parquet' o JOIN crosswalk w ON w.code = o."phaseOfFlightCode"
    WHERE o.aircrafts_position = 1 AND o."occurrenceNumber" = 1 AND o.case_mkey NOT IN (SELECT case_mkey FROM current_codes)
  ),
  case_phases AS (
    SELECT p.*, c."eventDate", c."highestInjuryLevel" = 'Fatal' AS fatal, a.aircraft_model_code
    FROM phases p JOIN 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_case_detail.parquet' c ON c."mKey" = p.case_mkey
    LEFT JOIN 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_aircrafts.parquet' a ON a.case_mkey = p.case_mkey AND a.position = 1
    WHERE c."eventDate" >= DATE '1962-01-01' AND p.main IN (SELECT main FROM phase_names)
  )
SELECT c."ntsbNumber", c."eventDate", c."eventType", c."eventCity", c."eventStateOrRegion", a.n_number, a."aircraftMake", a."aircraftModel", c."highestInjuryLevel", c."totalFatal", c."completionStatus", c.report_url
FROM 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_case_detail.parquet' c LEFT JOIN 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_aircrafts.parquet' a ON a.case_mkey = c."mKey" AND a.position = 1
WHERE c."mKey" IN (SELECT case_mkey FROM case_phases WHERE main = 550)
ORDER BY c."eventDate" DESC, c."ntsbNumber" DESC
```

This list as a web page: https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-phases/550/cases?page=306

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