# NTSB investigations: Landing

NTSB aviation accident and incident investigations since 1962: the probable cause, findings, aircraft, crew, weather and docket of each, linked to the FAA registry and the FAA’s own reports.

Page 307 of 1,075 · 53,703 cases

## Cases, newest first

- [NTSB ATL96LA001](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ATL96LA001.md): Cessna 172M · Savannah, GA · Accident · Minor injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Oct 1, 1995 · N9553H · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's selection of unsuitable terrain for a precautionary landing, and his failure to maintain clearance from an obstacle (road sign) during the landing.
- [NTSB SEA95LA229](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/SEA95LA229.md): Piper PA-18A · Roberts, ID · Accident · Minor injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Sep 30, 1995 · N1953P · Substantial damage
  > an improperly performed major rebuild and inadequate inspection of the aircraft by maintenance personnel. Inadequate preflight inspection by the pilot contributed to the accident.
- [NTSB NYC95LA227](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/NYC95LA227.md): Cessna 172RG · Pittsburgh, PA · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Sep 29, 1995 · N9497B · Substantial damage
  > the pilot's failure to obtain the proper touchdown point and excessive airspeed which resulted in an overrun and a subsequent collision with a trailer off the departure end of the runway.
- [NTSB SEA95LA228](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/SEA95LA228.md): Cessna 182R · Spokane, WA · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Sep 28, 1995 · N5949E · Substantial damage
  > failure of the pilot to properly flare the airplane during the landing. Factors relating to the accident were: the pilot's improper approach to land, exceeding the proper touchdown point for landing, failure to go-around, while there was sufficient runway…
- [NTSB MIA95LA235](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/MIA95LA235.md): Piper PA-28-161 · Melbourne, FL · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Sep 26, 1995 · N607FT · Substantial damage
  > The failure of the pilot to maintain directional control during landing. Contributing to the accident was the crosswind.
- [NTSB NYC95LA232](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/NYC95LA232.md): Piper PA-28-180 · Warwick, NY · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Sep 24, 1995 · N2418R · Substantial damage
  > The student pilot's misjudgement of distance and speed, and his failure to perform a go-around while there was still sufficient runway remaining.
- [NTSB FTW95LA403](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/FTW95LA403.md): Cessna 195 · Moriarty, NM · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Sep 24, 1995 · N4494C · Substantial damage
  > the pilot's inadequate compensation for the winds. A factor was the crosswind.
- [NTSB ANC95LA175](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ANC95LA175.md): Cessna 150 · Coldfoot, AK · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Sep 23, 1995 · N4430U · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's failure to maintain control of the airplane, while landing.
- [NTSB BFO95LA098](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/BFO95LA098.md): Cessna 182 · Annapolis, MD · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Sep 22, 1995 · N1960X · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's failure to maintain control of the airplane during the landing roll. Related factors were the sudden thunderstorm, the high gusty winds, and the sudden windshift to a tailwind during the touchdown/landing roll.
- [NTSB SEA95LA220](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/SEA95LA220.md): Hiller UH-12A · Bonners Ferry, ID · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Sep 17, 1995 · N8180H · Substantial damage
  > The flight instructor's misjudging his flare during a simulated autorotation.
- [NTSB MIA95LA225](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/MIA95LA225.md): Schweizer SGU-2-22K · Picayune, MS · Accident · Minor injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Sep 17, 1995 · N2717Z · Destroyed
  > The pilot-in-command's disregard of a weather forecast and flight into known adverse weather condition (thunderstorm). The thunderstorm, and associated wind gusts, were factors.
- [NTSB ANC95LA171](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ANC95LA171.md): Piper PA-12 · Aniak, AK · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Sep 17, 1995 · N3334M · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's selection of an unsuitable portion of the 6,000 foot long gravel runway for landing. A factor associated with the accident was: the soft gravel berm on the runway.
- [NTSB SEA95LA218](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/SEA95LA218.md): Cessna 180 · Pray, MT · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Sep 15, 1995 · N11JW · Substantial damage
  > The loss of directional control due to the loss of right tailwheel steering. Factors in the accident were: a left quartering crosswind and the sloped side of the road.
- [NTSB BFO95LA095](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/BFO95LA095.md): Snow S2A · Pasadena, MD · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Sep 15, 1995 · N4977C · Substantial damage
  > the pilot's inability to maintain directional control due to the failure of the right brake during the landing roll.
- [NTSB ANC95LA170](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ANC95LA170.md): Cessna 180 · Port Alsworth, AK · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Sep 15, 1995 · N2940K · Substantial damage
  > Failure of the main landing gear wheel that had been modified for a tundra tire.
- [NTSB FTW95LA396](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/FTW95LA396.md): Piper PA-20 · Searcy, AR · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Sep 13, 1995 · N7729K · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's inadequate compensation for the winds. A factor was the crosswind.
- [NTSB CHI95LA321](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI95LA321.md): Cessna 140 · Boyne Falls, MI · Accident · Minor injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Sep 13, 1995 · N76919 · Substantial damage
  > the pilot's failure to maintain directional control of the airplane during the landing, which resulted in an inadvertent ground swerve.
- [NTSB SEA95LA216](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/SEA95LA216.md): Maule M-5-235C · Moab, UT · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Sep 11, 1995 · N9041E · Substantial damage
  > The pilot-in-command's landing long, precluding a go-around and not maintaining a proper descent rate. Factors were trees and the crosswind.
- [NTSB FTW95LA389](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/FTW95LA389.md): Cessna 150F · Salida, CO · Accident · Minor injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Sep 11, 1995 · N8554G · Substantial damage
  > Failure by the pilot to adequately plan the flight and the aircraft altitude capability. Factors are: high altitude, high density altitude, inadequate training in mountain flying, and lack of familiarity with the geographic area.
- [NTSB CHI95LA317](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI95LA317.md): Piper PA-28-181 · Lyons, WI · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Sep 11, 1995 · N3071H · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's lack of experience in the type of operation being conducted, the pilot not maintaining the proper airspeed while on final approach to landing, and a delayed decision to abort the landing.
- [NTSB SEA95LA215](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/SEA95LA215.md): Socata Rallye 150 ST · Yakima, WA · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Sep 10, 1995 · N308RA · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's inadequate compensation for wind conditions. The downdraft was a factor.
- [NTSB SEA95LA203](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/SEA95LA203.md): Eiriavion PIK 20B · Ephrata, WA · Accident · Serious injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Sep 10, 1995 · CFTSW · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's failure to maintain clearance from from the fence post. The sunglare was a factor.
- [NTSB ANC95LA165](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ANC95LA165.md): Piper PA-12 · Anchorage, AK · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Sep 10, 1995 · N45DK · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's inadequate compensation for the wind conditions. A factor relating to the accident was: the gusty crosswind condition.
- [NTSB FTW95LA382](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/FTW95LA382.md): Cessna 421B · Albuquerque, NM · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Sep 7, 1995 · N5368J · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's inadequate compensation for the crosswind condition. A factor was the crosswind.
- [NTSB SEA95LA204](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/SEA95LA204.md): Stinson 108-1 · Corvallis, OR · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Sep 4, 1995 · N8865K · Substantial damage
  > Shearing of the right main landing gear shock strut retainer cap retaining pins.
- [NTSB FTW95LA381](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/FTW95LA381.md): Great Lakes 2T-1A-2 · Boulder, CO · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Sep 4, 1995 · N5761G · Substantial damage
  > Failure by the pilot to maintain control of the aircraft during landing roll.
- [NTSB NYC95LA213](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/NYC95LA213.md): Cessna 172RG · Meriden, CT · Accident · Serious injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Sep 3, 1995 · N4671V · Substantial damage
  > the pilot's failure to maintain directional control during the landing roll which resulted in the aircraft veering off the runway, and a subsequent collision with a fence.
- [NTSB CHI95FA307](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI95FA307.md): Cessna 172M · Orr, MN · Accident · 1 fatal · Field investigation · Final report · Sep 3, 1995 · N828MB · Destroyed
  > the pilot misjudged the landing flare. Factors associated with the accident were the visual illusion caused by the glassy smooth water condition and the forward center of gravity.
- [NTSB NYC95LA217](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/NYC95LA217.md): Cessna 172 · Quakertown, PA · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Sep 2, 1995 · N7154T · Substantial damage
  > the pilot's failure to maintain directional control, and the pilot's improper use of the wing flaps, which resulted in an inadvertent stall, and contact with trees. A factor was the crosswind.
- [NTSB LAX95LA327](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX95LA327.md): Cessna 180B · Cooledge, AZ · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Sep 2, 1995 · N5059E · Substantial damage
  > the pilot's inadequate compensation for the crosswind gust.
- [NTSB LAX95LA320](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX95LA320.md): Bellanca 7GCBC · Santa Rosa, CA · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Sep 2, 1995 · N31266 · Substantial damage
  > the pilot's failure to maintain directional control. The pilot's improper use of the brakes and the soft terrain were factors in this accident.
- [NTSB FTW95LA377](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/FTW95LA377.md): Piper PA-18-150 · Westcliffe, CO · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Sep 2, 1995 · N4253Z · Substantial damage
  > Failure by the pilot to maintain directional control. A factor was gusting cross winds.
- [NTSB ANC95LA155](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ANC95LA155.md): Champion 7GCBC · Big Lake, AK · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Sep 2, 1995 · N9033L · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's failure to maintain a proper rate of descent during the approach to land, and his misjudgment of altitude to flare for landing on glassy water. The glassy water condition was a related factor.
- [NTSB LAX95LA317](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX95LA317.md): Piper PA-18-150 · Yuma, AZ · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Aug 30, 1995 · N91008 · Substantial damage
  > the flight instructor's inadequate supervision of the flight and the failure of both pilots to maintain directional control.
- [NTSB LAX95LA316](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX95LA316.md): Cessna 172A · Weed, CA · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Aug 30, 1995 · N7641T · Substantial damage
  > the flight instructor's failure to maintain directional control of the aircraft.
- [NTSB BFO95LA091](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/BFO95LA091.md): Cessna 152 · Martinsburg, WV · Accident · Minor injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Aug 30, 1995 · N68969 · Substantial damage
  > the student pilot's failure to maintain control of the airplane during the landing/aborted landing sequence. A related factor is the student pilot's lack of total flight experience.
- [NTSB BFO95LA094](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/BFO95LA094.md): Cessna 310K · Columbiana, OH · Accident · Minor injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Aug 29, 1995 · N6921L · Destroyed
  > The improper maintenance installation and the subsequent separation of the torque links on the left main landing gear during the landing roll.
- [NTSB ANC95LA154](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ANC95LA154.md): Piper PA-18 · Sleetmute, AK · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Aug 29, 1995 · N7786D · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's adequate compensate for wind conditions and failure to maintain directional control of the airplane. The crosswind was a related factor.
- [NTSB NYC95LA218](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/NYC95LA218.md): Markwood BD-4 · Connellsville, PA · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Aug 28, 1995 · N511BD · Substantial damage
  > Loss of braking action at the right brake, due to a low level of hydraulic fluid and inadequate maintenance, which resulted in the loss of aircraft control.
- [NTSB MIA95LA217](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/MIA95LA217.md): Cessna 337D · Carthage, MS · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Aug 28, 1995 · N85972 · Substantial damage
  > Failure of the normal brake system for undetermined reasons. Contributing to the accident was the failure of the pilot's seatback.
- [NTSB LAX95LA315](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX95LA315.md): Cessna 421C · Chinle, AZ · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Aug 28, 1995 · N745CA · Substantial damage
  > the pilot's selection of a runway inappropriate for the tailwind condition and his resultant failure to achieve a touchdown point which would allow the aircraft to stop prior to over running the departure end. The rough condition of the dirt runway, the lack…
- [NTSB FTW95LA366](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/FTW95LA366.md): Piper PA-28-181 · Fort Collins, CO · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Aug 28, 1995 · N5448F · Substantial damage
  > Failure by the pilot to properly plan his flight and check NOTAMS prior to departure. A factor was obstructions in the runway construction zone.
- [NTSB SEA95LA195](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/SEA95LA195.md): Maule M-5-235C · Ogden, UT · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Aug 27, 1995 · N9281E · Substantial damage
  > the pilot's failure to use brakes to maintain directional control following a tailwheel steering malfunction. Partial failure of the tailwheel steering system contributed to the accident.
- [NTSB FTW95LA369](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/FTW95LA369.md): Piper PA-28-181 · Fort Collins, CO · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Aug 27, 1995 · N8450B · Substantial damage
  > Failure of the pilot to attain the proper touchdown point for landing. A factor relating to the accident was: a misreading or misunderstanding of the NOTAMS.
- [NTSB FTW95LA367](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/FTW95LA367.md): Cessna 206 · Whitesboro, TX · Accident · Minor injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Aug 27, 1995 · N5088U · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's improper flare, which resulted in a hard landing.
- [NTSB CHI95LA300](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI95LA300.md): Piper PA-32-300 · Osage Beach, MO · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Aug 27, 1995 · N54417 · Substantial damage
  > the student pilot's misjudgement of distance and speed during the landing and failure to attain the proper touchdown point.
- [NTSB ATL95LA163](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ATL95LA163.md): Piper PA-38-112 · Kissimmee, FL · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Aug 27, 1995 · N100TL · Substantial damage
  > The inadequate visual lookout by the driver of the vehicle. A factor in the accident was the inoperative anti-collision lights of the aircraft.
- [NTSB NYC95FA203](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/NYC95FA203.md): Cessna A185F · Block Island, RI · Accident · 5 fatal · Field investigation · Final report · Aug 26, 1995 · N4944E · Destroyed
  > the pilot's failure to touch down a sufficient distance from shore, and his delay in aborting the landing. In addition, the pilot exceeded the airplane's weight and balance limits which reduced the airplane's performance.
- [NTSB LAX95LA307](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX95LA307.md): Cessna 182Q · Georgetown, CA · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Aug 26, 1995 · N759YV · Substantial damage
  > the pilot's inadequate compensation for the gusting crosswind conditions.
- [NTSB LAX95LA306](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX95LA306.md): Short Lancair 320 · Rio Vista, CA · Accident · Serious injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Aug 26, 1995 · N3204S · Substantial damage
  > the failure of the wing flap actuator pushrod creating an asymmetrical flap condition during the landing flare maneuver. A contributing factor was the failure of the owner/builder to incorporate a manufacturer's design change for a stronger actuator pushrod.

Next page: https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-phases/550/cases.md?page=308

## The whole list in SQL

Runs in DuckDB 1.2 or later on the release's Parquet files over HTTPS:

```sql
WITH phase_names(main, name) AS (VALUES (100, 'Prior to flight'), (150, 'Standing'), (200, 'Pushback/towing'), (250, 'Taxi'), (300, 'Takeoff'), (350, 'Initial climb'), (400, 'Enroute'), (450, 'Maneuvering'), (500, 'Approach'), (550, 'Landing'), (600, 'Emergency descent'), (650, 'Uncontrolled descent'), (700, 'Post-impact'), (750, 'After landing'), (800, 'Other'), (990, 'Unknown')),
  crosswalk(code, main, name) AS (VALUES (500, 150, 'Standing'), (501, 150, 'Standing - pre-flight'), (502, 150, 'Standing - starting engine(s)'), (503, 150, 'Standing - engine(s) operating'), (504, 150, 'Standing - engine(s) not operating'), (505, 150, 'Standing - idling rotors'), (510, 250, 'Taxi'), (511, 200, 'Taxi - pushback/tow'), (512, 250, 'Taxi - to takeoff'), (513, 250, 'Taxi - from landing'), (514, 250, 'Taxi - aerial'), (520, 300, 'Takeoff'), (521, 300, 'Takeoff - roll/run'), (522, 350, 'Takeoff - initial climb'), (523, 300, 'Takeoff - aborted'), (530, 400, 'Climb'), (531, 400, 'Climb - to cruise'), (540, 400, 'Cruise'), (541, 400, 'Cruise - normal'), (542, 400, 'Maneuvering - holding (IFR)'), (550, 400, 'Descent'), (551, 400, 'Descent - normal'), (552, 600, 'Descent - emergency'), (553, 650, 'Descent - uncontrolled'), (560, 500, 'Approach'), (561, 500, 'Approach - VFR pattern - downwind'), (562, 500, 'Approach - VFR pattern - base turn'), (563, 500, 'Approach - VFR pattern - base leg/base to final'), (564, 500, 'Approach - VFR pattern - final approach'), (565, 500, 'Go-around (VFR)'), (566, 500, 'Approach - IAF to FAF/outer marker (IFR)'), (567, 500, 'Approach - FAF/outer marker to threshold (IFR)'), (568, 500, 'Circling (IFR)'), (569, 500, 'Missed approach (IFR)'), (570, 550, 'Landing'), (571, 550, 'Landing - flare/touchdown'), (572, 550, 'Landing - roll'), (573, 550, 'Landing - aborted'), (574, 550, 'Emergency landing'), (575, 550, 'Emergency landing after takeoff'), (576, 600, 'Emergency descent/landing'), (580, 450, 'Maneuvering'), (581, 450, 'Maneuvering - aerial application'), (582, 450, 'Maneuvering - turn to reverse direction'), (583, 450, 'Maneuvering - turn to landing area (emergency)'), (590, 450, 'Hover'), (591, 450, 'Hover - in ground effect'), (592, 450, 'Hover - out of ground effect'), (600, 800, 'Other'), (610, 990, 'Unknown')),
  current_codes AS (
    SELECT e.case_mkey, TRY_CAST(e."tier1Number" AS INTEGER) AS code,
      row_number() OVER (PARTITION BY e.case_mkey ORDER BY coalesce(e."isDefiningEvent", false) DESC, e.position) AS n
    FROM 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_events.parquet' e
    WHERE e.aircrafts_position = 1 AND e."tier1Number" GLOB '[1-9][0-9]*'
      AND (e."isDefiningEvent" OR e.case_mkey IN (SELECT "mKey" FROM 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_case_detail.parquet' WHERE "isPre1982"))
  ),
  phases AS (
    SELECT case_mkey, 'current' AS scheme, code, CASE WHEN code >= 990 THEN 990 ELSE code // 50 * 50 END AS main
    FROM current_codes WHERE n = 1
    UNION ALL
    SELECT o.case_mkey, 'older', o."phaseOfFlightCode", w.main
    FROM 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_occurrences.parquet' o JOIN crosswalk w ON w.code = o."phaseOfFlightCode"
    WHERE o.aircrafts_position = 1 AND o."occurrenceNumber" = 1 AND o.case_mkey NOT IN (SELECT case_mkey FROM current_codes)
  ),
  case_phases AS (
    SELECT p.*, c."eventDate", c."highestInjuryLevel" = 'Fatal' AS fatal, a.aircraft_model_code
    FROM phases p JOIN 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_case_detail.parquet' c ON c."mKey" = p.case_mkey
    LEFT JOIN 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_aircrafts.parquet' a ON a.case_mkey = p.case_mkey AND a.position = 1
    WHERE c."eventDate" >= DATE '1962-01-01' AND p.main IN (SELECT main FROM phase_names)
  )
SELECT c."ntsbNumber", c."eventDate", c."eventType", c."eventCity", c."eventStateOrRegion", a.n_number, a."aircraftMake", a."aircraftModel", c."highestInjuryLevel", c."totalFatal", c."completionStatus", c.report_url
FROM 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_case_detail.parquet' c LEFT JOIN 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_aircrafts.parquet' a ON a.case_mkey = c."mKey" AND a.position = 1
WHERE c."mKey" IN (SELECT case_mkey FROM case_phases WHERE main = 550)
ORDER BY c."eventDate" DESC, c."ntsbNumber" DESC
```

This list as a web page: https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-phases/550/cases?page=307

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