# NTSB investigations: Landing

NTSB aviation accident and incident investigations since 1962: the probable cause, findings, aircraft, crew, weather and docket of each, linked to the FAA registry and the FAA’s own reports.

Page 311 of 1,075 · 53,703 cases

## Cases, newest first

- [NTSB SEA95LA115](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/SEA95LA115.md): Piper J3C-65 · Medford, OR · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jun 6, 1995 · N28087 · Substantial damage
  > An unreliable fuel quantity gage and an inadequate preflight. The tall vegetation in the landing area was a factor.
- [NTSB CHI95LA171](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI95LA171.md): Piper PA-23-250 · Plymouth, MI · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jun 5, 1995 · N40540 · Substantial damage
  > the failure of the nose wheel collar assembly as a result of the loss of a bolt.
- [NTSB ANC95LA084](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ANC95LA084.md): Lockheed L-382E · Mcgrath, AK · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jun 5, 1995 · N906SJ · Substantial damage
  > Failure of the pilot-in-command to assure the airplane was adequately flared for landing.
- [NTSB ANC95LA065](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ANC95LA065.md): Piper PA-18-150 · Manley Hot Spri, AK · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jun 5, 1995 · N9299D · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's failure to correctly compensate for the existing wind conditions. The gusting wind condition was a factor.
- [NTSB ANC95LA064](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ANC95LA064.md): Piper PA-18 · Big Delta, AK · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jun 4, 1995 · N4232Z · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's failure to maintain proper alignment with the landing surface. A factor relating to the accident was: the rough/uneven landing surface.
- [NTSB ANC95TA067](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ANC95TA067.md): Piper PA-18-150 · Sand Point, AK · Accident · No injuries · Final report · Jun 3, 1995 · N125FG · Substantial damage
  > The premature castoring of the tailwheel steering mechanism. A factor associated the accident is the added degree of difficulty in handling airplanes equipped with oversize 'tundra' tires.
- [NTSB FTW95TA228](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/FTW95TA228.md): Bell 206B-III · Meeker, CO · Accident · No injuries · Final report · Jun 2, 1995 · N85RP · Substantial damage
  > Failure by the pilot to maintain control of the aircraft during landing. A factor was soft terrain.
- [NTSB FTW95LA229](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/FTW95LA229.md): Cessna 182K · Alamosa, CO · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jun 2, 1995 · N2788Q · Substantial damage
  > Failure of the pilot to maintain directional control during the landing roll, which resulted in a ground swerve and collision with a taxiway sign. Factors relating to the accident were: the unfavorable (gusty/quartering) wind condition, and the taxiway sign's…
- [NTSB FTW95LA223](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/FTW95LA223.md): Cessna 120 · College Station, TX · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jun 1, 1995 · N76856 · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's inability to maintain directional control after encountering wake turbulence from a landing airplane. A factor was the tailwind.
- [NTSB CHI95LA162](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI95LA162.md): Beech C23 · Lake Ann, MI · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jun 1, 1995 · N23828 · Substantial damage
  > the pilot's inadequate preflight planning/preparation and improper short field landing procedures. Factors associated with the accident were the wet terrain, a tailwind, and the pilots lack of recent experience.
- [NTSB ATL95LA104](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ATL95LA104.md): American AA-1 · Rock Hill, SC · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jun 1, 1995 · N6214L · Substantial damage
  > An inoperative left main wheel brake that resulted in a loss of directional control. A factor was the wet, grass runway.
- [NTSB NYC95LA128](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/NYC95LA128.md): Piper PA-28-161 · Bluffton, OH · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · May 31, 1995 · N8115L · Substantial damage
  > an improperly planned approach and touchdown, which resulted in an loss of directional control at touchdown, with the airplane departing the runway, and striking a ravine.
- [NTSB MIA95LA244](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/MIA95LA244.md): Cessna 172N · Madison, MS · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · May 31, 1995 · N734YD · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's improper flare and/or improper recovery from a bounced landing.
- [NTSB BFO95LA056](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/BFO95LA056.md): Knoll-Bensen B-80 · Germansville, PA · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · May 31, 1995 · N12JK · Substantial damage
  > the private pilot's misjudged flare, which resulted in a hard landing.
- [NTSB ANC95LA060](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ANC95LA060.md): Piper PA-22 · Koliganek, AK · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · May 29, 1995 · N8021D · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's failure to attain the proper approach and landing speed, not maintaining directional control, and his inadequate remedial action(s). A factor in the accident was the loose objects in the landing area.
- [NTSB SEA95LA113](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/SEA95LA113.md): Cessna 180 · Phillipsburg, MT · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · May 28, 1995 · N9115C · Substantial damage
  > The failure of the dual student to maintain directional control during the bounced landing, and the failure of the certified flight instructor to take adequate remedial action and recover from the loss of directional control. A factor contributing to the…
- [NTSB FTW95LA220](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/FTW95LA220.md): Piper PA-28-140 · Stephenville, TX · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · May 28, 1995 · N9541W · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's failure to execute a go-around. Factors were the excessive airspeed and high glidepath during the approach.
- [NTSB SEA95LA107](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/SEA95LA107.md): Cessna 172B · Sinclair Island, WA · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · May 27, 1995 · N7996X · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's failure to attain the proper touchdown point. Contributing to the accident were a tailwind, wet grass, and the pilot's inadequate remedial action.
- [NTSB CHI95LA164](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI95LA164.md): Cessna 337B · Lemmon, SD · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · May 27, 1995 · N2385S · Substantial damage
  > the pilot's failure to maintain directional control of the airplane during the landing roll.
- [NTSB MIA95LA136](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/MIA95LA136.md): Cessna A150L · Miami, FL · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · May 25, 1995 · N6188F · Substantial damage
  > The dual student's improper use of the rudder following a left swerve during landing rollout which prevented the flight instructor from regaining directional control.
- [NTSB CHI95LA168](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI95LA168.md): Cessna 180D · Eveleth, MN · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · May 25, 1995 · N8611X · Substantial damage
  > the pilot's improper setting of the flaps to the 30 degree position and an excessive descent rate during the landing.
- [NTSB SEA95LA106](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/SEA95LA106.md): Cessna 206 · Grangeville, ID · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · May 24, 1995 · N1LF · Substantial damage
  > The failure of the pilot to adequately recover from a bounced landing, and his failure to maintain directional control of the airplane during the landing roll. A factor contributing to the accident was a ditch.
- [NTSB NYC95LA120](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/NYC95LA120.md): Cessna 177B · Allentown, PA · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · May 24, 1995 · N621PW · Substantial damage
  > the pilot misjudged the flare, resulting in a hard, bounced landing and impact with the runway. A factor in this accident was an improper recovery from a bounced landing.
- [NTSB NYC95LA121](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/NYC95LA121.md): Cessna 182E · Frederick, PA · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · May 23, 1995 · N3168Y · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's inadequate inflight planning by failing to verify the wind direction for landing. Also causal is the pilot's failure to obtain the proper touch down point and to do a go-around.
- [NTSB MIA95LA132](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/MIA95LA132.md): Grumman G-164A · Zellwood, FL · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · May 21, 1995 · N35RA · Substantial damage
  > A loss of aircraft climb capability after the banner pickup for an undetermined reason. A factor related to the accident was: soft terrain in the emergency landing area.
- [NTSB FTW95LA210](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/FTW95LA210.md): Cessna 175 · Malvern, AR · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · May 21, 1995 · N7152M · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's failure to maintain directional control. A factor was the pilot's lack of recent experience.
- [NTSB FTW95LA209](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/FTW95LA209.md): Purdy HP-18 · Hempstead, TX · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · May 21, 1995 · N15DP · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's poor in flight planning/decision. The lack of thermal lift was a factor.
- [NTSB FTW95LA208](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/FTW95LA208.md): Bellanca 17-30A · Conroe, TX · Accident · Serious injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · May 21, 1995 · N8872V · 2 aircraft · Destroyed
  > The failure of both pilots to maintain adequate visual lookout. A factor relating to the accident was: failure of the Bellanca pilot to adequately communicate his intentions on the UNICOM frequency.
- [NTSB LAX95LA197](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX95LA197.md): Bölkow Phoebus C · Helendale, CA · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · May 20, 1995 · N1379 · Substantial damage
  > the pilot's selection of a downwind landing and his failure to attain the proper touchdown point. Factors in the accident were the inaccurate wind information provided by his ground crew which led the pilot to select the improper landing direction, and, the…
- [NTSB FTW95TA218](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/FTW95TA218.md): Cessna R172K · Albuquerque, NM · Accident · No injuries · Final report · May 20, 1995 · N736HU · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's improper compensation for crosswind conditions. Factors were the crosswind, the proper touchdown point not attained, and the pilot not aborting the landing.
- [NTSB FTW95LA215](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/FTW95LA215.md): Piper PA-38-112 · Corpus Christi, TX · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · May 20, 1995 · N23557 · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's inadequate compensation for crosswind conditions.
- [NTSB CHI95LA156](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI95LA156.md): Cessna 150G · Stockton, MO · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · May 20, 1995 · N4774X · Substantial damage
  > the pilot's inadequate compensation for the crosswind weather condition and subsequent failure to maintain directional control. Factors were the crosswind and the ditch.
- [NTSB NYC95LA113](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/NYC95LA113.md): Beech A23-24 · Atlantic City, NJ · Accident · 1 fatal · Limited investigation · Final report · May 19, 1995 · N7984L · Destroyed
  > The pilot's delayed decision to abort the landing. Factors in the accident were: the downwind landing and the pilot's misjudgment of distance and speed.
- [NTSB CHI95LA157](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI95LA157.md): Cessna 182P · French Lick, IN · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · May 19, 1995 · N52830 · Substantial damage
  > the pilot's not attaining a recovery from a bounced landing. Factors were high obstructions, and the pilot's intentional precautionary landing on rough/uneven and soft terrain.
- [NTSB CHI95LA155](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI95LA155.md): Piper PA-18 · Hutchinson, MN · Accident · Minor injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · May 19, 1995 · N1097A · Substantial damage
  > the pilot's not maintaining aircraft control. A factor was the crosswind condition.
- [NTSB CHI95LA152](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI95LA152.md): Schweizer G-164B · Hatton, ND · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · May 18, 1995 · N48532 · Substantial damage
  > the pilot's failure to maintain control of the airplane, and the excessive airspeed. Factors associated with the accident were the pilot's selection of unsuitable terrain for landing, and the soft, wet condition of the sod runway.
- [NTSB NYC95LA111](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/NYC95LA111.md): Rockwell 112B · Edgewater, MD · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · May 17, 1995 · N1409J · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's improper decision to continue his flight into the adverse weather conditions that existed at the destination airport. The weather contributed to the accident.
- [NTSB FTW95LA196](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/FTW95LA196.md): Cessna 152 · Durango, CO · Accident · Minor injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · May 14, 1995 · N67492 · Substantial damage
  > The student pilot's improper landing flare and improper bounced landing recovery.
- [NTSB BFO95LA051](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/BFO95LA051.md): Piper PA-28-181 · Oneonta, NY · Accident · Serious injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · May 14, 1995 · N9375K · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's failure to maintain aircraft control during the attempted landing. The gusty crosswind condition was a related factor in this accident.
- [NTSB SEA95LA100](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/SEA95LA100.md): Boeing E75 · Newberg, OR · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · May 13, 1995 · N1067N · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's improper use of the aircraft brakes. Contributing to the accident was the pilot's decision not to perform a go-around, which resulted in failure to attain the desired touchdown point on landing.
- [NTSB NYC95IA106](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/NYC95IA106.md): Douglas DC-8-71 · Louisville, KY · Incident · No injuries · Incident investigation · Final report · May 13, 1995 · N707UP · Minor damage
  > preexisting crack(s) on the inside surface of the right main landing gear cylinder, and the subsequent fracture of the cylinder, which resulted in a collapse of the right main landing gear.
- [NTSB FTW95LA200](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/FTW95LA200.md): Beech D55 · Norman, OK · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · May 13, 1995 · N993ES · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's inadvertent retraction of the landing gear, resulting in a gear up landing.
- [NTSB FTW95LA198](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/FTW95LA198.md): Robinson R-22B · Mount Pleasant, TX · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · May 13, 1995 · N8067M · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's improper compensation for the crosswind component. A factor was the crosswind.
- [NTSB ATL95LA096](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ATL95LA096.md): Cessna 150M · Indian Trail, NC · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · May 13, 1995 · N9215U · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's improper landing flare and improper recovery from a bounced landing.
- [NTSB ANC95TA054](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ANC95TA054.md): Bellanca 8GCBC · Fairbanks, AK · Accident · No injuries · Final report · May 13, 1995 · N7695S · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's failure to verify the position of the parking brake knob prior to landing.
- [NTSB LAX95LA188](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX95LA188.md): Schweizer 269C · Scottsdale, AZ · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · May 12, 1995 · N6120A · Substantial damage
  > The CFI's failure to apply adequate power during the flare which was a result of not maintaining the required engine and rotor rpm.
- [NTSB CHI95TA174](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI95TA174.md): Cessna 180 · Orr, MN · Accident · No injuries · Final report · May 12, 1995 · N9336C · Substantial damage
  > the pilot's inadequate compensation for the crosswind weather condition. A factor was the crosswind.
- [NTSB LAX95LA186](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX95LA186.md): Grumman 164A · Richvale, CA · Accident · Minor injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · May 11, 1995 · N8507H · Substantial damage
  > the pilot's failure to maintain a glidepath adequate to avoid an obstacle, and his inadequate compensation for the wind.
- [NTSB LAX95LA182](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX95LA182.md): Cessna 172N · Stockton, CA · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · May 9, 1995 · N39ES · Substantial damage
  > the failure of the pilot to properly judge the landing flare, and his improper bounced landing recovery technique, which resulted in a landing gear collapse during a hard landing.
- [NTSB MIA95LA128](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/MIA95LA128.md): Robinson R22 Beta · Miami, FL · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · May 7, 1995 · N2321X · Substantial damage
  > Inadequate supervision by the CFI for allowing the student to initiate initial flare and power recovery at 100 feet instead of 40 feet and 40 feet instead of 8-10 feet respectively. Additionally, failure of the CFI to comply with the FAA approved flight…

Next page: https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-phases/550/cases.md?page=312

## The whole list in SQL

Runs in DuckDB 1.2 or later on the release's Parquet files over HTTPS:

```sql
WITH phase_names(main, name) AS (VALUES (100, 'Prior to flight'), (150, 'Standing'), (200, 'Pushback/towing'), (250, 'Taxi'), (300, 'Takeoff'), (350, 'Initial climb'), (400, 'Enroute'), (450, 'Maneuvering'), (500, 'Approach'), (550, 'Landing'), (600, 'Emergency descent'), (650, 'Uncontrolled descent'), (700, 'Post-impact'), (750, 'After landing'), (800, 'Other'), (990, 'Unknown')),
  crosswalk(code, main, name) AS (VALUES (500, 150, 'Standing'), (501, 150, 'Standing - pre-flight'), (502, 150, 'Standing - starting engine(s)'), (503, 150, 'Standing - engine(s) operating'), (504, 150, 'Standing - engine(s) not operating'), (505, 150, 'Standing - idling rotors'), (510, 250, 'Taxi'), (511, 200, 'Taxi - pushback/tow'), (512, 250, 'Taxi - to takeoff'), (513, 250, 'Taxi - from landing'), (514, 250, 'Taxi - aerial'), (520, 300, 'Takeoff'), (521, 300, 'Takeoff - roll/run'), (522, 350, 'Takeoff - initial climb'), (523, 300, 'Takeoff - aborted'), (530, 400, 'Climb'), (531, 400, 'Climb - to cruise'), (540, 400, 'Cruise'), (541, 400, 'Cruise - normal'), (542, 400, 'Maneuvering - holding (IFR)'), (550, 400, 'Descent'), (551, 400, 'Descent - normal'), (552, 600, 'Descent - emergency'), (553, 650, 'Descent - uncontrolled'), (560, 500, 'Approach'), (561, 500, 'Approach - VFR pattern - downwind'), (562, 500, 'Approach - VFR pattern - base turn'), (563, 500, 'Approach - VFR pattern - base leg/base to final'), (564, 500, 'Approach - VFR pattern - final approach'), (565, 500, 'Go-around (VFR)'), (566, 500, 'Approach - IAF to FAF/outer marker (IFR)'), (567, 500, 'Approach - FAF/outer marker to threshold (IFR)'), (568, 500, 'Circling (IFR)'), (569, 500, 'Missed approach (IFR)'), (570, 550, 'Landing'), (571, 550, 'Landing - flare/touchdown'), (572, 550, 'Landing - roll'), (573, 550, 'Landing - aborted'), (574, 550, 'Emergency landing'), (575, 550, 'Emergency landing after takeoff'), (576, 600, 'Emergency descent/landing'), (580, 450, 'Maneuvering'), (581, 450, 'Maneuvering - aerial application'), (582, 450, 'Maneuvering - turn to reverse direction'), (583, 450, 'Maneuvering - turn to landing area (emergency)'), (590, 450, 'Hover'), (591, 450, 'Hover - in ground effect'), (592, 450, 'Hover - out of ground effect'), (600, 800, 'Other'), (610, 990, 'Unknown')),
  current_codes AS (
    SELECT e.case_mkey, TRY_CAST(e."tier1Number" AS INTEGER) AS code,
      row_number() OVER (PARTITION BY e.case_mkey ORDER BY coalesce(e."isDefiningEvent", false) DESC, e.position) AS n
    FROM 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_events.parquet' e
    WHERE e.aircrafts_position = 1 AND e."tier1Number" GLOB '[1-9][0-9]*'
      AND (e."isDefiningEvent" OR e.case_mkey IN (SELECT "mKey" FROM 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_case_detail.parquet' WHERE "isPre1982"))
  ),
  phases AS (
    SELECT case_mkey, 'current' AS scheme, code, CASE WHEN code >= 990 THEN 990 ELSE code // 50 * 50 END AS main
    FROM current_codes WHERE n = 1
    UNION ALL
    SELECT o.case_mkey, 'older', o."phaseOfFlightCode", w.main
    FROM 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_occurrences.parquet' o JOIN crosswalk w ON w.code = o."phaseOfFlightCode"
    WHERE o.aircrafts_position = 1 AND o."occurrenceNumber" = 1 AND o.case_mkey NOT IN (SELECT case_mkey FROM current_codes)
  ),
  case_phases AS (
    SELECT p.*, c."eventDate", c."highestInjuryLevel" = 'Fatal' AS fatal, a.aircraft_model_code
    FROM phases p JOIN 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_case_detail.parquet' c ON c."mKey" = p.case_mkey
    LEFT JOIN 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_aircrafts.parquet' a ON a.case_mkey = p.case_mkey AND a.position = 1
    WHERE c."eventDate" >= DATE '1962-01-01' AND p.main IN (SELECT main FROM phase_names)
  )
SELECT c."ntsbNumber", c."eventDate", c."eventType", c."eventCity", c."eventStateOrRegion", a.n_number, a."aircraftMake", a."aircraftModel", c."highestInjuryLevel", c."totalFatal", c."completionStatus", c.report_url
FROM 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_case_detail.parquet' c LEFT JOIN 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_aircrafts.parquet' a ON a.case_mkey = c."mKey" AND a.position = 1
WHERE c."mKey" IN (SELECT case_mkey FROM case_phases WHERE main = 550)
ORDER BY c."eventDate" DESC, c."ntsbNumber" DESC
```

This list as a web page: https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-phases/550/cases?page=311

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