# NTSB investigations: Landing

NTSB aviation accident and incident investigations since 1962: the probable cause, findings, aircraft, crew, weather and docket of each, linked to the FAA registry and the FAA’s own reports.

Page 312 of 1,075 · 53,703 cases

## Cases, newest first

- [NTSB FTW95LA193](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/FTW95LA193.md): Beech F33A · Houston, TX · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · May 7, 1995 · N18413 · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's inadequate compensation for the wind conditions. A factor was the crosswind.
- [NTSB NYC95LA102](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/NYC95LA102.md): Piper PA-28-161 · Old Bridge, NJ · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · May 6, 1995 · N8097F · Substantial damage
  > The pilot misjudged the landing flare and improperly recovered from a bounced landing.
- [NTSB FTW95LA192](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/FTW95LA192.md): WSK PZL Mielec M-18A Dromader · Gerome, AR · Accident · 1 fatal · Limited investigation · Final report · May 6, 1995 · N8025Y · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's use of unsuitable terrain for landing.
- [NTSB FTW95LA191](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/FTW95LA191.md): Cessna 190 · Longmont, CO · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · May 6, 1995 · N1505D · Substantial damage
  > Failure by the pilot-in command-to compensate for crosswind conditions.
- [NTSB CHI95LA147](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI95LA147.md): Cessna 172M · Brooklyn, MI · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · May 6, 1995 · N9347H · Substantial damage
  > Fatigue failure of the left main landing gear. Factors relating to the accident were: the pilot's improper flare for landing, and soft terrain.
- [NTSB SEA95LA087](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/SEA95LA087.md): Cessna 172 · Twisp, WA · Accident · Minor injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · May 1, 1995 · N2548Y · Substantial damage
  > The improper installation of a nose landing gear assembly bolt (no cotter key installed) by unknown maintenance personnel. This led to a failure of the nose landing gear steering and subsequent noseover during landing rollout.
- [NTSB CHI95LA140](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI95LA140.md): Cessna 152 · West Chicago, IL · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · May 1, 1995 · N47331 · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's failure to maintain directional control. A factor was the crosswind.
- [NTSB LAX95LA176](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX95LA176.md): Knapp Packard Special · Wheaton Springs, CA · Accident · 1 fatal · Limited investigation · Final report · Apr 30, 1995 · N55851 · Substantial damage
  > the pilot's misjudged altitude and landing flare timing which resulted in a hard landing and nose over.
- [NTSB ANC95LA051](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ANC95LA051.md): Cessna 185 · Ketchikan, AK · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Apr 30, 1995 · N111EZ · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's inadvertent water loop/swerve due to the use of improper landing procedures.
- [NTSB MIA95LA122](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/MIA95LA122.md): Cessna 172P · Clearwater, FL · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Apr 29, 1995 · N96EP · Substantial damage
  > The pilot-in-command's improper remedial action after the aircraft porpoised during the landing flare and touchdown.
- [NTSB LAX95LA174](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX95LA174.md): Robinson R-22 · Long Beach, CA · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Apr 29, 1995 · N9067B · Substantial damage
  > the pilot's misjudged landing flare. A factor in the accident was the illusion of a lower than actual altitude created by the high vegetation which led the pilot to flare early.
- [NTSB CHI95LA143](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI95LA143.md): Piper PA-28-161 · Boyceville, WI · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Apr 28, 1995 · N8475R · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's inadequate compensation for the wind conditions and subsequent failure to maintain runway alignment. The crosswind was a factor.
- [NTSB LAX95LA172](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX95LA172.md): Thunder and Colt Colt 180A · Tucson, AZ · Accident · Serious injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Apr 27, 1995 · N738TC · No damage
  > the inability of the pilot to compensate for the wind conditions which resulted in the basket tipping over following touchdown during a high-wind landing.
- [NTSB MIA95LA129](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/MIA95LA129.md): Pitts S-2B · Naples, FL · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Apr 26, 1995 · N711BT · Substantial damage
  > The failure of the tail wheel landing gear system for undetermined reasons. This resulted in an on-ground loss of control on landing rollout, ground loop, and collapse of the right main landing gear.
- [NTSB LAX95TA171](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX95TA171.md): Bell 206-L4 · Thermal, CA · Accident · No injuries · Final report · Apr 26, 1995 · N6197N · Substantial damage
  > The CFI's failure to follow the flight manual procedures by using full up collective during an autorotation landing.
- [NTSB CHI95TA151](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI95TA151.md): Cessna 172 · Hutchinson, MN · Accident · No injuries · Final report · Apr 26, 1995 · N4183G · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's inadequate compensation for the wind conditions. Factors associated with the accident were the crosswind and soft terrain.
- [NTSB NYC95LA094](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/NYC95LA094.md): Cessna 172G · Augusta, ME · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Apr 25, 1995 · N3799L · Substantial damage
  > The student pilot's delay in aborting the landing attempt. The crosswind, and the pilot's inadequate compensation for the crosswind were factors.
- [NTSB NYC95LA093](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/NYC95LA093.md): Cessna 185 · Bangor, ME · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Apr 24, 1995 · N62EC · Substantial damage
  > the pilot's improper flare, which resulted in a hard landing and collapse of the right main gear.
- [NTSB NYC95LA096](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/NYC95LA096.md): Stinson 108-2 · Clarion, PA · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Apr 23, 1995 · N978D · Substantial damage
  > A partial failure of the brake system.
- [NTSB LAX95LA166](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX95LA166.md): Waco UPF-7 · Chino, CA · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Apr 22, 1995 · N20971 · Substantial damage
  > failure of the attachment link for the master cylinder return spring, which allowed the left brake to lock.
- [NTSB FTW95LA178](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/FTW95LA178.md): Cessna 182D · Overbrook, OK · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Apr 22, 1995 · N9104X · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's failure to maintain flying speed, resulting in an inadvertent stall. A factor was the crosswinds.
- [NTSB NYC95LA091](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/NYC95LA091.md): Mooney M20K · Marshfield, MA · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Apr 21, 1995 · N252DX · Substantial damage
  > the pilot misjudged the flare, resulting in a bounced landing and impact with the terrain. A factor in this accident was an improper recovery from a bounced landing.
- [NTSB BFO95LA049](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/BFO95LA049.md): Maule M-7-235 · Mount Sterling, KY · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Apr 21, 1995 · N202GT · Substantial damage
  > the pilot's failure to maintain aircraft control during landing. The gusty, crosswind condition and the pilot's inadequate compensation for the wind condition were factors.
- [NTSB CHI95LA129](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI95LA129.md): Beech B19 · Omaha, NE · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Apr 19, 1995 · N1967W · Substantial damage
  > The pilot misjudged distance and speed. A factor was turbulence.
- [NTSB MIA95LA111](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/MIA95LA111.md): Piper PA-28-180 · Fort Myers, FL · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Apr 18, 1995 · N7054W · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's failure to maintain a proper rate of descent on approach for landing, resulting in a hard landing.
- [NTSB ANC95LA046](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ANC95LA046.md): Douglas C54GDC · Kivalina, AK · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Apr 17, 1995 · N898AL · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's failure to identify a hazardous landing area. Factors in the accident are the presence of snow banks/berms on the runway, and the inadequate snow removal by airport personnel.
- [NTSB ATL95LA086](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ATL95LA086.md): Cessna 182R · Conyers, GA · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Apr 16, 1995 · N9331X · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's failure to maintain a proper touchdown point during the landing, and his failure to perform a go around when a long landing was imminent. Factors were the sudden windshift resulting in a tailwind condition, and the downhill landing conditions.
- [NTSB NYC95LA088](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/NYC95LA088.md): Piper PA-28R-200 · Westminister, MD · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Apr 15, 1995 · N41767 · Substantial damage
  > the failure of the flight instructor to take timely remedial action during an approach, resulting in an inadvertent stall, hard landing and subsequent collapse of the landing gear. A factor related to the accident was the flight instructor's lack of…
- [NTSB LAX95LA167](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX95LA167.md): Cessna 182Q · Palo Alto, CA · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Apr 15, 1995 · N228PP · Substantial damage
  > inadequate compensation for wind conditions by the private pilot, and failure of the flight instructor (CFI) to ensure that directional control of the aircraft was maintained. The gusty/crosswind (weather) condition was a related factor.
- [NTSB ANC95LA045](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ANC95LA045.md): Piper PA-20-125 · Koliganek, AK · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Apr 15, 1995 · N7483K · Substantial damage
  > The student pilot's inadequate compensation for the wind conditions. A factor in the accident is a crosswind.
- [NTSB MIA95LA119](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/MIA95LA119.md): Cessna 152 · West Palm Beach, FL · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Apr 14, 1995 · N4778B · Substantial damage
  > The failure of the student pilot to maintain directional control during landing. A contributing factor was the delayed remedial action to attempt a go-around.
- [NTSB MIA95LA113](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/MIA95LA113.md): Cessna 140 · Foxworth, MS · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Apr 14, 1995 · N3625V · Substantial damage
  > The pilot-in-command's selection of an unuitable landing strip for landing.
- [NTSB FTW95LA170](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/FTW95LA170.md): Boeing 737-400 · Denver, CO · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Apr 14, 1995 · EICEU · Substantial damage
  > Proper descent rate not maintained by the first officer, resulting in a hard landing. Factors were unfavorable wind conditions and the captain's inadequate supervision of the first officer.
- [NTSB FTW95LA168](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/FTW95LA168.md): Cessna 172 RG · Tulsa, OK · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Apr 13, 1995 · N6394V · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's improper emergency procedure preventing emergency gear extension. A factor was the loss of electrical alternator power for undetermined reasons.
- [NTSB NYC95LA087](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/NYC95LA087.md): Piper PA-60-602P · Danbury, CT · Accident · 1 fatal · Limited investigation · Final report · Apr 12, 1995 · N602PC · Destroyed
  > The pilot's delay in initiating a go-around (aborted landing) and failure to assure that the flaps were properly reset for the go-around. Factors relating to the accident were: the pilot's failure to achieve the proper touchdown point for landing, the wet…
- [NTSB FTW95LA166](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/FTW95LA166.md): Cessna 172P · Mountain Home, AR · Accident · Minor injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Apr 12, 1995 · N55409 · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's failure to compensate for the gusty crosswind. A factor was gusting crosswinds.
- [NTSB NYC95LA085](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/NYC95LA085.md): Mooney M20K · Tangier Island, VA · Accident · Minor injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Apr 11, 1995 · N331DF · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's failure to maintain obstacle clearance which resulted in an inflight collision with a tree. Contributing factors are a crosswind and the pilot's failure to maintain directional control and his inadequate compensation for wind conditions
- [NTSB LAX95LA160](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX95LA160.md): Cessna 170A · Woodland, CA · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Apr 11, 1995 · N1276D · Substantial damage
  > the pilot's improper recovery from a bounced landing. The mechanic's inadequate annual inspection by failing to determine the worn condition of the crosswind landing gear detent stop groove and snubber pin and the soft terrain were factors in this accident.
- [NTSB ATL95LA082](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ATL95LA082.md): Cessna 337G · Savannah, GA · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Apr 11, 1995 · N38E · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's improper flare and his improper use of the flight controls during landing which resulted in collapse of the nose gear.
- [NTSB ANC95GA083](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ANC95GA083.md): Piper PA-18 · Copper Center 2, AK · Accident · No injuries · Final report · Apr 10, 1995 · N82735 · Substantial damage
  > The pilot not using the checklist and landing with the skis pumped down.
- [NTSB ATL95LA076](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ATL95LA076.md): Cessna 152 · Fuquay-Varina, NC · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Apr 8, 1995 · N25502 · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's failure to adequately compensate for wind conditions during landing, which resulted in a loss of directional control.
- [NTSB ATL95LA075](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ATL95LA075.md): Cessna 182J · Calera, AL · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Apr 8, 1995 · N47DB · Substantial damage
  > The pilots improper decision to land downwind on the short runway.
- [NTSB LAX95LA156](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX95LA156.md): Bellanca 7KCAB · Tucson, AZ · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Apr 7, 1995 · N333JS · Substantial damage
  > the pilot's inadequate compensation for the prevailing wind conditions which resulted in an inadvertent ground loop. The crosswind and the pilot's lack of familiarity with the aircraft are factors in this accident.
- [NTSB CHI95LA118](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI95LA118.md): Cessna 152 · Kokomo, IN · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Apr 7, 1995 · N757UV · Substantial damage
  > The pilot misjudged the landing flare. Factors related to the accident were the dark light conditions and the pilot's lack of visual cues for the runway environment.
- [NTSB ANC95LA047](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ANC95LA047.md): Piper PA-12 · Soldotna, AK · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Apr 7, 1995 · N3680M · Substantial damage
  > The flight instructor's inadequate remedial action. Factors include the dual student's failure to maintain directional control, and the rear pilot's station not having brakes installed.
- [NTSB ATL95LA074](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ATL95LA074.md): Cessna 150 · Canton, GA · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Apr 5, 1995 · N19375 · Substantial damage
  > The student pilot's failure to maintain directional control during a crosswind landing.
- [NTSB SEA95LA091](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/SEA95LA091.md): North American SNJ-4 · Prospect, OR · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Apr 4, 1995 · N2269N · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's failure to maintain directional control of the airplane during landing. Contributing to the accident was wet grass.
- [NTSB SEA95LA074](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/SEA95LA074.md): Mirsepasy VAN'S RV-6A · Renton, WA · Accident · Serious injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Apr 2, 1995 · N35EM · Destroyed
  > The pilot's failure to recover from the bounced landing, and his failure to maintain control of the airplane. Contributing to the accident was the pilot's failure to maintain an adequate descent rate toward the runway.
- [NTSB LAX95LA153](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX95LA153.md): Robinson R22 Beta · Healdsburg, CA · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Apr 2, 1995 · N2323K · Substantial damage
  > the instructor failed to adequately monitor the student pilot's actions and to react within the control margin necessary to successfully initiate a corrective action.
- [NTSB FTW95LA154](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/FTW95LA154.md): Beech G18S · Springdale, AR · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Apr 2, 1995 · N512E · Substantial damage
  > Engine compartment fire due to undetermined reasons.

Next page: https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-phases/550/cases.md?page=313

## The whole list in SQL

Runs in DuckDB 1.2 or later on the release's Parquet files over HTTPS:

```sql
WITH phase_names(main, name) AS (VALUES (100, 'Prior to flight'), (150, 'Standing'), (200, 'Pushback/towing'), (250, 'Taxi'), (300, 'Takeoff'), (350, 'Initial climb'), (400, 'Enroute'), (450, 'Maneuvering'), (500, 'Approach'), (550, 'Landing'), (600, 'Emergency descent'), (650, 'Uncontrolled descent'), (700, 'Post-impact'), (750, 'After landing'), (800, 'Other'), (990, 'Unknown')),
  crosswalk(code, main, name) AS (VALUES (500, 150, 'Standing'), (501, 150, 'Standing - pre-flight'), (502, 150, 'Standing - starting engine(s)'), (503, 150, 'Standing - engine(s) operating'), (504, 150, 'Standing - engine(s) not operating'), (505, 150, 'Standing - idling rotors'), (510, 250, 'Taxi'), (511, 200, 'Taxi - pushback/tow'), (512, 250, 'Taxi - to takeoff'), (513, 250, 'Taxi - from landing'), (514, 250, 'Taxi - aerial'), (520, 300, 'Takeoff'), (521, 300, 'Takeoff - roll/run'), (522, 350, 'Takeoff - initial climb'), (523, 300, 'Takeoff - aborted'), (530, 400, 'Climb'), (531, 400, 'Climb - to cruise'), (540, 400, 'Cruise'), (541, 400, 'Cruise - normal'), (542, 400, 'Maneuvering - holding (IFR)'), (550, 400, 'Descent'), (551, 400, 'Descent - normal'), (552, 600, 'Descent - emergency'), (553, 650, 'Descent - uncontrolled'), (560, 500, 'Approach'), (561, 500, 'Approach - VFR pattern - downwind'), (562, 500, 'Approach - VFR pattern - base turn'), (563, 500, 'Approach - VFR pattern - base leg/base to final'), (564, 500, 'Approach - VFR pattern - final approach'), (565, 500, 'Go-around (VFR)'), (566, 500, 'Approach - IAF to FAF/outer marker (IFR)'), (567, 500, 'Approach - FAF/outer marker to threshold (IFR)'), (568, 500, 'Circling (IFR)'), (569, 500, 'Missed approach (IFR)'), (570, 550, 'Landing'), (571, 550, 'Landing - flare/touchdown'), (572, 550, 'Landing - roll'), (573, 550, 'Landing - aborted'), (574, 550, 'Emergency landing'), (575, 550, 'Emergency landing after takeoff'), (576, 600, 'Emergency descent/landing'), (580, 450, 'Maneuvering'), (581, 450, 'Maneuvering - aerial application'), (582, 450, 'Maneuvering - turn to reverse direction'), (583, 450, 'Maneuvering - turn to landing area (emergency)'), (590, 450, 'Hover'), (591, 450, 'Hover - in ground effect'), (592, 450, 'Hover - out of ground effect'), (600, 800, 'Other'), (610, 990, 'Unknown')),
  current_codes AS (
    SELECT e.case_mkey, TRY_CAST(e."tier1Number" AS INTEGER) AS code,
      row_number() OVER (PARTITION BY e.case_mkey ORDER BY coalesce(e."isDefiningEvent", false) DESC, e.position) AS n
    FROM 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_events.parquet' e
    WHERE e.aircrafts_position = 1 AND e."tier1Number" GLOB '[1-9][0-9]*'
      AND (e."isDefiningEvent" OR e.case_mkey IN (SELECT "mKey" FROM 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_case_detail.parquet' WHERE "isPre1982"))
  ),
  phases AS (
    SELECT case_mkey, 'current' AS scheme, code, CASE WHEN code >= 990 THEN 990 ELSE code // 50 * 50 END AS main
    FROM current_codes WHERE n = 1
    UNION ALL
    SELECT o.case_mkey, 'older', o."phaseOfFlightCode", w.main
    FROM 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_occurrences.parquet' o JOIN crosswalk w ON w.code = o."phaseOfFlightCode"
    WHERE o.aircrafts_position = 1 AND o."occurrenceNumber" = 1 AND o.case_mkey NOT IN (SELECT case_mkey FROM current_codes)
  ),
  case_phases AS (
    SELECT p.*, c."eventDate", c."highestInjuryLevel" = 'Fatal' AS fatal, a.aircraft_model_code
    FROM phases p JOIN 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_case_detail.parquet' c ON c."mKey" = p.case_mkey
    LEFT JOIN 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_aircrafts.parquet' a ON a.case_mkey = p.case_mkey AND a.position = 1
    WHERE c."eventDate" >= DATE '1962-01-01' AND p.main IN (SELECT main FROM phase_names)
  )
SELECT c."ntsbNumber", c."eventDate", c."eventType", c."eventCity", c."eventStateOrRegion", a.n_number, a."aircraftMake", a."aircraftModel", c."highestInjuryLevel", c."totalFatal", c."completionStatus", c.report_url
FROM 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_case_detail.parquet' c LEFT JOIN 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_aircrafts.parquet' a ON a.case_mkey = c."mKey" AND a.position = 1
WHERE c."mKey" IN (SELECT case_mkey FROM case_phases WHERE main = 550)
ORDER BY c."eventDate" DESC, c."ntsbNumber" DESC
```

This list as a web page: https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-phases/550/cases?page=312

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