# NTSB investigations: Landing

NTSB aviation accident and incident investigations since 1962: the probable cause, findings, aircraft, crew, weather and docket of each, linked to the FAA registry and the FAA’s own reports.

Page 317 of 1,075 · 53,703 cases

## Cases, newest first

- [NTSB ATL94LA173](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ATL94LA173.md): Beech M35 · Winston-Salem, NC · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Sep 20, 1994 · N9931R · Substantial damage
  > The student pilot's failure to maintain airspeed and a proper glidepath on final approach, resulting in an inadvertent stall and undershoot. Factors were the night lighting conditions, and the flight instructor's inadequate supervision of the student pilot.
- [NTSB FTW94LA305](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/FTW94LA305.md): Piper PA-32-301 · Nacogdoches, TX · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Sep 19, 1994 · N8398J · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's inadequate compensation for crosswind during landing rollout. A factor was the variable crosswind.
- [NTSB SEA94LA243](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/SEA94LA243.md): Cessna 172N · Orcas, WA · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Sep 18, 1994 · N738ET · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's improper landing flare.
- [NTSB SEA94LA241](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/SEA94LA241.md): Oestreich Avid Flyer MK IV · Moses Lake, WA · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Sep 18, 1994 · N1280D · Substantial damage
  > Proper descent rate was exceeded. Lack of total experience in type operation was a factor.
- [NTSB CHI94LA344](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI94LA344.md): Prest Eagle II · Wellsville, KS · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Sep 18, 1994 · N257SP · Substantial damage
  > the pilot-in-command's inadequate visual lookout.
- [NTSB LAX94LA378](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX94LA378.md): Quickie-Myers Q2 · Van Nuys, CA · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Sep 17, 1994 · N813S · Substantial damage
  > the pilot's inadequate landing flare, which resulted in a hard touchdown and buckling of the canard.
- [NTSB CHI94LA338](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI94LA338.md): Cessna 172 · Mora, MN · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Sep 17, 1994 · N8064B · Substantial damage
  > was an improper touchdown by the pilot-in-command. Factor's associated with this accident were the pilot's diverted attention due to his perception of a crosswind condition and the pilot not performing a recovery from a bounced landing.
- [NTSB CHI94LA335](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI94LA335.md): Piper PA-28-161 · W. Lafayette, IN · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Sep 17, 1994 · N523PU · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's improper level-off and recovery from a bounced landing. A factor in the accident was the pilot's lack of training for recovery from bounced landings and/or aborted takeoffs.
- [NTSB BFO94FA160](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/BFO94FA160.md): Beech A36 · Barstow, MD · Accident · 1 fatal · Field investigation · Final report · Sep 17, 1994 · N60360 · Destroyed
  > The pilot's failure to maintain clearance from the tower.
- [NTSB ANC94LA142](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ANC94LA142.md): de Havilland DHC2 · Whittier, AK · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Sep 17, 1994 · N1433Z · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's inadequate in-flight planning and inadequate compensation for the wind conditions. An initial tail wind and later a crosswind were factors in the accident.
- [NTSB LAX94LA365](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX94LA365.md): Cessna 210L · Payson, AZ · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Sep 16, 1994 · N210LX · Substantial damage
  > Animals on the runway.
- [NTSB SEA94LA240](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/SEA94LA240.md): Cessna 180G · Cut Bank, MT · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Sep 15, 1994 · N4734U · Substantial damage
  > Inadequate compensation for wind conditions. A factor to the accident was wind gusts.
- [NTSB FTW94LA298](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/FTW94LA298.md): Cessna 172M · Oil Trough, AR · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Sep 14, 1994 · N1367U · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's loss of aircraft directional control during the landing roll. A factor was the wet grass landing surface.
- [NTSB SEA94LA239](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/SEA94LA239.md): Aeronca 7AC · Nampa, ID · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Sep 13, 1994 · N85564 · Substantial damage
  > Directional control was not maintained. A factor to the accident was: inadequate supervision.
- [NTSB ATL94LA172](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ATL94LA172.md): Bell 47D1 Wasp · Hazel Green, AL · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Sep 13, 1994 · N908B · Substantial damage
  > Undetermined.
- [NTSB NYC94LA175](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/NYC94LA175.md): Cessna T210R · Tunkhannock, PA · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Sep 11, 1994 · N8603U · Substantial damage
  > Use of improper procedures during a short field landing which resulted in an overrun and noseover.
- [NTSB LAX94LA362](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX94LA362.md): Beech B19 · Big Bear City, CA · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Sep 11, 1994 · N19NH · Substantial damage
  > the failure and separation of the right main landing gear wheel assembly due to a preexisting and undetected crack.
- [NTSB SEA94LA244](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/SEA94LA244.md): I.C.A. Brasov IS-28B2 · Bozeman, MT · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Sep 10, 1994 · N28KG · Substantial damage
  > The student pilot's improper compensation for wind. The crosswind was a factor.
- [NTSB NYC94LA177](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/NYC94LA177.md): Cessna 195 B · Richmond, VA · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Sep 10, 1994 · N3091B · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's failure to maintain directional control which resulted in a ground loop. Contributing factors are excessive airspeed, fatigue, and improper recovery from a bounced landing.
- [NTSB MIA94LA208](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/MIA94LA208.md): Schweizer 2-33A · Deland, FL · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Sep 10, 1994 · N34215 · Substantial damage
  > The pilot in command's failure to maintain ground clearance while maneuvering over the runway threshold resulting in the left wing contacting the ground.
- [NTSB ANC94LA134](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ANC94LA134.md): Piper PA-18-150 · Gulkana, AK · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Sep 10, 1994 · N57698 · Substantial damage
  > The failure of the pilot to compensate for a tailwind and maintain directional control of the airplane. A tailwind was a factor in the accident.
- [NTSB SEA94LA238](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/SEA94LA238.md): Cessna 172 · Bullfrog, UT · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Sep 9, 1994 · N9918Q · Substantial damage
  > The pilot-in-command exceeded the airplane's maximum crosswind component capability. A factor related to the accident was the gusty crosswind.
- [NTSB FTW94LA296](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/FTW94LA296.md): Hiller UH-12E · Grand Junction, CO · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Sep 9, 1994 · N12RF · Substantial damage
  > Improper remedial action in correcting for excessive speed and sink rate during an autorotation. Factors were: high density altitude, excessive airspeed and sink rate.
- [NTSB FTW94LA294](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/FTW94LA294.md): Bellanca 7ECA · Englewood, CO · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Sep 9, 1994 · N5056V · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's inadvertent groundloop of the airplane.
- [NTSB CHI94LA326](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI94LA326.md): Cessna 172 · Brookfield, WI · Accident · Minor injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Sep 8, 1994 · N7384G · Substantial damage
  > the commercial pilot's poor planning/decision making. A related factor is the wet, grass runway selected for landing.
- [NTSB ANC94LA135](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ANC94LA135.md): Piper PA-12 · Nondalton, AK · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Sep 8, 1994 · N3363M · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's improper flare during the landing touchdown. The pilot's lack of familiarity with the aircraft make and model was a factor in the accident.
- [NTSB CHI94LA316](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI94LA316.md): Schweizer 269C · Grand Forks, ND · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Sep 7, 1994 · N61245 · Substantial damage
  > the pilot-in-command's (CFI) delayed recovery from a practice autorotation. A factor associated with the accident was the student pilot's improper autorotation.
- [NTSB ANC94LA132](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ANC94LA132.md): James Chisum CHISUM-SCRAPS · Fairbanks, AK · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Sep 7, 1994 · N1771C · Substantial damage
  > The failure of the pilot to maintain directional control of the airplane. Factors in the accident were the soft terrain and inadequate remedial action.
- [NTSB FTW94LA292](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/FTW94LA292.md): Bellanca 7GCBC · Elbert, CO · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Sep 5, 1994 · N8843 · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's inadequate compensation for the winds. A factor was the unfavorable variable winds.
- [NTSB NYC94LA169](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/NYC94LA169.md): Donald E. Kovol Quickie 2 · Akron, OH · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Sep 4, 1994 · N4327V · Substantial damage
  > The failure of the pilot to maintain airspeed which resulted in an inadequate flare and a hard landing. A factor was the pilot's lack of experience in the airplane.
- [NTSB CHI94LA312](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI94LA312.md): Cessna 172 · Milwaukee, WI · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Sep 4, 1994 · N9955V · Substantial damage
  > the pilot's improper flare during touchdown. A factor in the accident was the rupture of the nose landing gear tire.
- [NTSB SEA94LA232](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/SEA94LA232.md): Cessna 210D · Paris, ID · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Sep 3, 1994 · N3759Y · Substantial damage
  > An inadvertent wheels up landing.
- [NTSB SEA94LA230](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/SEA94LA230.md): Cessna 182B · Lummi Island, WA · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Sep 3, 1994 · N2356G · Substantial damage
  > Inadequate compensation for wind conditions. A factor to the accident was: tailwind.
- [NTSB MIA94LA205](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/MIA94LA205.md): Cessna 172N · Orlando, FL · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Sep 3, 1994 · N734QA · Substantial damage
  > The pilot-in-command's improper landing flare/touchdown, resulting in a hard landing, and subsequent separation of the nose gear.
- [NTSB ANC94LA128](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ANC94LA128.md): Maule M5 · Port Alsworth, AK · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Sep 3, 1994 · N51637 · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's selection of unsuitable terrain.
- [NTSB FTW94LA291](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/FTW94LA291.md): Bell 206-L4 · Hurst, TX · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Sep 2, 1994 · N2064J · Substantial damage
  > The certificated flight instructor's inadequate supervision. A factor was the pilot's failure to maintain proper landing alignment.
- [NTSB FTW94LA286](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/FTW94LA286.md): Cessna 150M · Mesquite, TX · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Sep 2, 1994 · N66322 · Substantial damage
  > The unfavorable gusting winds. A factor was the pilot's failure to maintain directional control.
- [NTSB CHI94LA309](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI94LA309.md): Balloon Works Fire FLY 7-15 · Storm Lake, IA · Accident · Serious injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Sep 2, 1994 · N2597S · Substantial damage
  > the pilot's excessive rate of descent to landing. Factors in the accident were the gusts and downdraft.
- [NTSB NYC94LA164](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/NYC94LA164.md): Beech F33A · Block Island, RI · Accident · Minor injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Sep 1, 1994 · N445B · Substantial damage
  > The pilot maintaining excessive airspeed during the landing, resulting in a touchdown on the runway with insufficient distance to stop, and a subsequent intentional ground loop and collision with the terrain. Also causal was the pilot's failure to abort the…
- [NTSB NYC94LA163](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/NYC94LA163.md): Piper PA-28R-180 · Vine Grove, KY · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Sep 1, 1994 · N3256R · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's (1) inadequate compensation for wind conditions and (2) failure to align with the runway during landing touch down.
- [NTSB ANC94LA126](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ANC94LA126.md): Cessna 208 · Cape Sabine, AK · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Sep 1, 1994 · N9825F · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's improper preflight planning, inadequate compensation for the wind conditions, not following procedures and directives, and overconfidence in his abilities, and the operators inadequate surveillance of the operation.
- [NTSB SEA94LA227](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/SEA94LA227.md): Piper PA-22-150 · Everett, WA · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Aug 31, 1994 · N1329C · Substantial damage
  > The pilot failed to maintain directional control.
- [NTSB LAX94LA344](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX94LA344.md): Globe GC-1B · Five Points, CA · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Aug 31, 1994 · N80642 · Substantial damage
  > the pilot's inadequate compensation for the existing crosswind condition and his failure to maintain the proper runway alignment.
- [NTSB LAX94LA343](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX94LA343.md): Cessna 195 · Palo Alto, CA · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Aug 31, 1994 · N195LS · Substantial damage
  > the pilot's improper use of the airplane's brakes during the landing rollout.
- [NTSB ATL94LA168](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ATL94LA168.md): Cessna 152 · Headland, AL · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Aug 31, 1994 · N64903 · Substantial damage
  > The failure of the student pilot to maintain control of the aircraft during a crosswind landing.
- [NTSB ANC94LA125](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ANC94LA125.md): Cessna 170B · Fort Yukon, AK · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Aug 31, 1994 · N4457B · Substantial damage
  > The fatigue failure of the right main landing gear spring.
- [NTSB SEA94LA226](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/SEA94LA226.md): Cessna 182P · Yamhill, OR · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Aug 30, 1994 · N1316S · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's failure to maintain directional control. A factor to the accident was: an inadequate recovery from a bounced landing.
- [NTSB ANC94LA116](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ANC94LA116.md): Piper PA-18 · Skwentna, AK · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Aug 29, 1994 · N4478A · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's selecting a gravel bar for a normal landing. A factor was the soft spot in the gravel bar.
- [NTSB SEA94LA222](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/SEA94LA222.md): Boeing A75N1 · Caldwell, ID · Accident · Minor injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Aug 28, 1994 · N73617 · Substantial damage
  > The jamming of the right main landing gear brake due to an accumulation of a gummy deposit.
- [NTSB BFO94LA157](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/BFO94LA157.md): Beech A-23 · Felton, DE · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Aug 28, 1994 · N1462L · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's improper recovery from a bounced landing and failure to maintain directional control. A factor is the pilot's failure to do a go around.

Next page: https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-phases/550/cases.md?page=318

## The whole list in SQL

Runs in DuckDB 1.2 or later on the release's Parquet files over HTTPS:

```sql
WITH phase_names(main, name) AS (VALUES (100, 'Prior to flight'), (150, 'Standing'), (200, 'Pushback/towing'), (250, 'Taxi'), (300, 'Takeoff'), (350, 'Initial climb'), (400, 'Enroute'), (450, 'Maneuvering'), (500, 'Approach'), (550, 'Landing'), (600, 'Emergency descent'), (650, 'Uncontrolled descent'), (700, 'Post-impact'), (750, 'After landing'), (800, 'Other'), (990, 'Unknown')),
  crosswalk(code, main, name) AS (VALUES (500, 150, 'Standing'), (501, 150, 'Standing - pre-flight'), (502, 150, 'Standing - starting engine(s)'), (503, 150, 'Standing - engine(s) operating'), (504, 150, 'Standing - engine(s) not operating'), (505, 150, 'Standing - idling rotors'), (510, 250, 'Taxi'), (511, 200, 'Taxi - pushback/tow'), (512, 250, 'Taxi - to takeoff'), (513, 250, 'Taxi - from landing'), (514, 250, 'Taxi - aerial'), (520, 300, 'Takeoff'), (521, 300, 'Takeoff - roll/run'), (522, 350, 'Takeoff - initial climb'), (523, 300, 'Takeoff - aborted'), (530, 400, 'Climb'), (531, 400, 'Climb - to cruise'), (540, 400, 'Cruise'), (541, 400, 'Cruise - normal'), (542, 400, 'Maneuvering - holding (IFR)'), (550, 400, 'Descent'), (551, 400, 'Descent - normal'), (552, 600, 'Descent - emergency'), (553, 650, 'Descent - uncontrolled'), (560, 500, 'Approach'), (561, 500, 'Approach - VFR pattern - downwind'), (562, 500, 'Approach - VFR pattern - base turn'), (563, 500, 'Approach - VFR pattern - base leg/base to final'), (564, 500, 'Approach - VFR pattern - final approach'), (565, 500, 'Go-around (VFR)'), (566, 500, 'Approach - IAF to FAF/outer marker (IFR)'), (567, 500, 'Approach - FAF/outer marker to threshold (IFR)'), (568, 500, 'Circling (IFR)'), (569, 500, 'Missed approach (IFR)'), (570, 550, 'Landing'), (571, 550, 'Landing - flare/touchdown'), (572, 550, 'Landing - roll'), (573, 550, 'Landing - aborted'), (574, 550, 'Emergency landing'), (575, 550, 'Emergency landing after takeoff'), (576, 600, 'Emergency descent/landing'), (580, 450, 'Maneuvering'), (581, 450, 'Maneuvering - aerial application'), (582, 450, 'Maneuvering - turn to reverse direction'), (583, 450, 'Maneuvering - turn to landing area (emergency)'), (590, 450, 'Hover'), (591, 450, 'Hover - in ground effect'), (592, 450, 'Hover - out of ground effect'), (600, 800, 'Other'), (610, 990, 'Unknown')),
  current_codes AS (
    SELECT e.case_mkey, TRY_CAST(e."tier1Number" AS INTEGER) AS code,
      row_number() OVER (PARTITION BY e.case_mkey ORDER BY coalesce(e."isDefiningEvent", false) DESC, e.position) AS n
    FROM 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_events.parquet' e
    WHERE e.aircrafts_position = 1 AND e."tier1Number" GLOB '[1-9][0-9]*'
      AND (e."isDefiningEvent" OR e.case_mkey IN (SELECT "mKey" FROM 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_case_detail.parquet' WHERE "isPre1982"))
  ),
  phases AS (
    SELECT case_mkey, 'current' AS scheme, code, CASE WHEN code >= 990 THEN 990 ELSE code // 50 * 50 END AS main
    FROM current_codes WHERE n = 1
    UNION ALL
    SELECT o.case_mkey, 'older', o."phaseOfFlightCode", w.main
    FROM 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_occurrences.parquet' o JOIN crosswalk w ON w.code = o."phaseOfFlightCode"
    WHERE o.aircrafts_position = 1 AND o."occurrenceNumber" = 1 AND o.case_mkey NOT IN (SELECT case_mkey FROM current_codes)
  ),
  case_phases AS (
    SELECT p.*, c."eventDate", c."highestInjuryLevel" = 'Fatal' AS fatal, a.aircraft_model_code
    FROM phases p JOIN 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_case_detail.parquet' c ON c."mKey" = p.case_mkey
    LEFT JOIN 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_aircrafts.parquet' a ON a.case_mkey = p.case_mkey AND a.position = 1
    WHERE c."eventDate" >= DATE '1962-01-01' AND p.main IN (SELECT main FROM phase_names)
  )
SELECT c."ntsbNumber", c."eventDate", c."eventType", c."eventCity", c."eventStateOrRegion", a.n_number, a."aircraftMake", a."aircraftModel", c."highestInjuryLevel", c."totalFatal", c."completionStatus", c.report_url
FROM 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_case_detail.parquet' c LEFT JOIN 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_aircrafts.parquet' a ON a.case_mkey = c."mKey" AND a.position = 1
WHERE c."mKey" IN (SELECT case_mkey FROM case_phases WHERE main = 550)
ORDER BY c."eventDate" DESC, c."ntsbNumber" DESC
```

This list as a web page: https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-phases/550/cases?page=317

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