# NTSB investigations: Landing

NTSB aviation accident and incident investigations since 1962: the probable cause, findings, aircraft, crew, weather and docket of each, linked to the FAA registry and the FAA’s own reports.

Page 320 of 1,075 · 53,703 cases

## Cases, newest first

- [NTSB CHI94LA228](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI94LA228.md): Beech 58 · Oelwein, IA · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jul 9, 1994 · N6404Z · Substantial damage
  > the pilot's decision to land on a runway with a tailwind. Factors associated with the accident were the tailwind and the wet runway.
- [NTSB SEA94LA173](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/SEA94LA173.md): Stinson 108-3 · Ione, WA · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jul 8, 1994 · N6276M · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's failure to maintain directional control. Factors include the pilot's fatigue, and trees near the side of the runway.
- [NTSB NYC94LA115](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/NYC94LA115.md): Cessna 172P · Leesburg, VA · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jul 8, 1994 · N63021 · Destroyed
  > The student pilot's failure to attain adequate airpseed during an aborted landing which resulted in an inadvertent stall and collision with the ground. A factor is the the student pilot's inexperience.
- [NTSB FTW94LA228](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/FTW94LA228.md): Piper PA-22-150 · Ravenna, TX · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jul 8, 1994 · N2936Z · Substantial damage
  > The pilot overshooting the landing and his failure to execute a G0-around. The wet grass was a factor.
- [NTSB FTW94IA227](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/FTW94IA227.md): Mcdonnell Douglas MD80 · Denver, CO · Incident · No injuries · Incident investigation · Final report · Jul 8, 1994 · N83873 · Minor damage
  > Failure of the right main landing gear torque link assembly and shimmy dampener for unknown reasons.
- [NTSB ANC94LA077](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ANC94LA077.md): Piper PA-18-150 · Ft Richardson, AK · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jul 8, 1994 · N8466Y · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's selection of unsuitable terrain for landing. A factor which contributed to the accident was the pilot's impairment
- [NTSB ANC94LA076](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ANC94LA076.md): Maule M-4-210 · Northway, AK · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jul 7, 1994 · N9808M · Substantial damage
  > The failure of the left main landing gear attachment fittings as a result of the improper welds by the maintenance repair facility. Factors in the accident that precipitated the gear failure were the wind gusts, and the pilot not adequately compensating for…
- [NTSB SEA94LA172](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/SEA94LA172.md): Pitts S1 · Heber City, UT · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jul 5, 1994 · CGPUR · Substantial damage
  > Failure of main landing gear axle hardware. Factors include collapse of main landing gear strut.
- [NTSB LAX94LA276](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX94LA276.md): Cessna 310J · Elko, NV · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jul 5, 1994 · N310BD · Substantial damage
  > the collapse of the landing gear due to a gear strut bolt shearing in two.
- [NTSB NYC94LA109](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/NYC94LA109.md): Cessna 172N · Princess Anne, MD · Accident · Serious injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jul 4, 1994 · N4828G · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's failure to do a go-around and her delay in the initiating of an aborted landing, which resulted in her failure to outclimb trees during the aborted landing.
- [NTSB FTW94LA223](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/FTW94LA223.md): Piper PA-12 · Watson, AR · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jul 4, 1994 · N2986M · Substantial damage
  > Was the excessive airspeed during approach and the pilot's failure to execute a missed approach.
- [NTSB SEA94LA166](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/SEA94LA166.md): Hughes 369HS · West Jordan, UT · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jul 3, 1994 · N9029F · Substantial damage
  > The pilot not maintaining a proper descent rate and his delayed remedial action.
- [NTSB NYC94LA107](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/NYC94LA107.md): Cessna 172P · Newport News, VA · Accident · Minor injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jul 2, 1994 · N97000 · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's (1) improper recovery from a bounced landing and (2) failure to maintain aircraft control.
- [NTSB NYC94LA105](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/NYC94LA105.md): Piper PA-32R-300 · Put-In-Bay, OH · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jul 2, 1994 · N5716F · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's inadequate control and failure to maintain directional control which resulted in collision with a sign.
- [NTSB CHI94LA217](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI94LA217.md): Hunsberger Glasair · Lapeer, MI · Accident · Minor injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jul 2, 1994 · N234EC · Substantial damage
  > the pilot's failure to maintain aircraft handling. A factor related to the accident was the gusty wind conditions.
- [NTSB ANC94LA073](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ANC94LA073.md): Maule M-5 · Anchorage, AK · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jul 1, 1994 · N373X · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's improper landing technique which resulted in a hard landing, tire failure, and eventual loss of directional control.
- [NTSB LAX94LA270](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX94LA270.md): Piper PA-28-161 · San Carlos, CA · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jun 30, 1994 · N4359C · Substantial damage
  > the student pilot's attempt to exit the runway at an excessive taxi speed which resulted in his loss of control.
- [NTSB CHI94LA213](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI94LA213.md): Beech 19 · Ionia, MI · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jun 30, 1994 · N6966Q · Substantial damage
  > the pilot's improper use of the throttle control. A factor related to the accident was the improper flare.
- [NTSB BFO94LA122](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/BFO94LA122.md): Beech C23 · Easton, MD · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jun 29, 1994 · N9313S · Substantial damage
  > The flight instructor's inadequate supervision, resulting in a hard landing and a subsequent collapse of the nose gear. Also causal to the accident, was the student pilot's improper raising of the wing flaps during the landing flare.
- [NTSB ANC94LA072](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ANC94LA072.md): Piper PA-31-350 · Sheldon Point, AK · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jun 29, 1994 · N41185 · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's failure to attain a proper touchdown Point. Factor was the inadequate runway marking.
- [NTSB LAX94FA266](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX94FA266.md): Beech C23 · Lakeport, CA · Accident · 3 fatal · Field investigation · Final report · Jun 28, 1994 · N2132W · Destroyed
  > Failure of the pilot to maintain adequate airspeed during go-around from an aborted landing, which resulted in an inadvertent stall. Factors related to the accident were: the pilot's misjudgment of speed and distance to the runway while on final approach,…
- [NTSB FTW94LA213](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/FTW94LA213.md): Derr TRI-Q-100 · Albuquerque, NM · Accident · Serious injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jun 27, 1994 · N500JD · Destroyed
  > The pilot's improper recovery from a bounced landing and his inability to maintain directional control. A factor was the high density altitude.
- [NTSB CHI94LA211](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI94LA211.md): Cessna 172N · Lambertville, MI · Accident · Minor injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jun 26, 1994 · N5183E · Substantial damage
  > the pilot-in-command's not maintaining airspeed. A factor was the pilot-in-command's misjudging the flare.
- [NTSB BFO94LA118](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/BFO94LA118.md): Schweizer SGS2-32 · Plymouth, MA · Accident · Serious injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jun 26, 1994 · N1175S · Substantial damage
  > The pilot-in-command's improper in-flight planning and decision. A factor related to the accident is a downdraft.
- [NTSB BFO94LA117](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/BFO94LA117.md): Beech F33A · Quarryville, PA · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jun 26, 1994 · N6728X · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's failure to touchdown at the proper point and his delayed remedial action. A factor related to the accident was a tailwind.
- [NTSB BFO94LA116](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/BFO94LA116.md): Cessna 172P · Massena, NY · Accident · Minor injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jun 26, 1994 · N5435K · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's improper compensation for wind conditions.
- [NTSB LAX94LA265](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX94LA265.md): Cessna 180 · Elko, NV · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jun 25, 1994 · N63419 · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's failure to maintain proper alignment during landing rollout. Factors in the accident were the presence of soft and uneven terrain adjacent to the landing site.
- [NTSB CHI94LA284](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI94LA284.md): Head Balloons AX7-77 · West Chicago, IL · Accident · Serious injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jun 25, 1994 · N21WR · No damage
  > the pilot's failure to maintain proper descent rate.
- [NTSB FTW94LA214](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/FTW94LA214.md): Grumman G-164A · Coy, AR · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jun 24, 1994 · N5321 · Substantial damage
  > The separation of the landing gear due to failure of the landing gear axle bolts.
- [NTSB BFO94LA114](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/BFO94LA114.md): Cessna 150 · Swanton, VT · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jun 24, 1994 · N714CX · Substantial damage
  > The student pilot's failure to maintain directional control.
- [NTSB MIA94LA164](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/MIA94LA164.md): Cessna 152 · Opa-Locka, FL · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jun 22, 1994 · N936JH · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's improper handling of the aircraft during the landing. Contributing to the accident was the lack of total experience by the pilot-in-command.
- [NTSB SEA94LA153](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/SEA94LA153.md): Schweizer 269C · Hillsboro, OR · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jun 21, 1994 · N7506A · Substantial damage
  > The improper servicing of the skid shock struts.
- [NTSB CHI94LA208](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI94LA208.md): Stinson 108-3 · Warren, MN · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jun 21, 1994 · N6808M · Substantial damage
  > the pilot's improper use of the parking brake.
- [NTSB ATL94LA146](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ATL94LA146.md): Swearingen SA-26AT · Greenville, SC · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jun 21, 1994 · N802DJ · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's failure to properly flare the aircraft during landing, resulting in a hard landing.
- [NTSB LAX94LA262](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX94LA262.md): Payne Foster Glasair · Hesperia, CA · Accident · Minor injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jun 19, 1994 · N250CH · Substantial damage
  > the pilot's loss of directional control during an attempted landing and subsequent go-around. Factors were the high-density altitude, inappropriate fuel leaning procedures, and the gust of wind.
- [NTSB ATL94LA124](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ATL94LA124.md): Piper PA-23-250 · Blowing Rock, NC · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jun 19, 1994 · N63872 · Destroyed
  > The pilot's selection of unsuitable terrain (remote, wooded, mountainous) for an intentional crash landing.
- [NTSB BFO94LA115](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/BFO94LA115.md): Taylorcraft F19 · Orrington, ME · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jun 18, 1994 · N2000U · Substantial damage
  > The pilot misjudged his altitude and airspeed which resulted in a hard landing. Related factors were the soft, and upslope field.
- [NTSB FTW94LA201](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/FTW94LA201.md): Gamble BD-4 · Leadville, CO · Accident · Minor injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jun 17, 1994 · N76DG · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's failure to maintain directional control. Factors were an unreliable airspeed indicator and excessive landing approach airspeed.
- [NTSB BFO94LA102](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/BFO94LA102.md): Piper PA-31-350 · Oxford, CT · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jun 17, 1994 · N4093U · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's inadvertent encounter with fog during landing.
- [NTSB CHI94LA198](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI94LA198.md): Beech 18 · Belleville, MI · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jun 13, 1994 · N231LJ · Substantial damage
  > the failure of the fuel line on the unique STC'd engine installation. A related factor is the improper installation of a fuel line by company maintenance personnel.
- [NTSB ANC94LA069](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ANC94LA069.md): Piper PA-12 · Anchorage, AK · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jun 13, 1994 · N7690H · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's excessive use of the wheel brakes.
- [NTSB SEA94LA146](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/SEA94LA146.md): Cessna 170A · Wolf Creek, MT · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jun 12, 1994 · N1389D · Substantial damage
  > Poor in flight planning. The mountainous terrain was a factor.
- [NTSB MIA94LA158](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/MIA94LA158.md): Cessna 152 · Gainesville, FL · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jun 11, 1994 · N46140 · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's improper flare and improper recovery from a bounced landing..
- [NTSB LAX94LA251](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX94LA251.md): Cessna 140 · Ramona, CA · Accident · Minor injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jun 11, 1994 · N2927N · Substantial damage
  > a failure of the pilot to maintain directional control of the airplane. A lack of total experience in tailwheel type airplanes was a factor in the accident.
- [NTSB CHI94LA199](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI94LA199.md): Aeronca 7AC · Clear Lake, MN · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jun 11, 1994 · N83019 · Substantial damage
  > the private pilot's failure to maintain directional control during the landing roll. Related factors are the rough/uneven terrain, and excessive brake application.
- [NTSB CHI94LA194](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI94LA194.md): Luscombe 8A · Peoria, IL · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jun 9, 1994 · N72009 · Substantial damage
  > the pilot's misjudged landing flare. A factor associated with the accident is the pilot allowing the airplane to descend at an excessive rate.
- [NTSB SEA94LA148](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/SEA94LA148.md): Schweizer SGS 1-26D · North Plains, OR · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jun 8, 1994 · N7751S · Substantial damage
  > Proper touch down point was not obtained. Factors to the accident were: canopy not secured, and inadequate preflight planning/preparation.
- [NTSB MIA94LA156](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/MIA94LA156.md): Cessna 152 · Ft. Lauderdale, FL · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jun 8, 1994 · N6159Q · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's improper flare and failure to maintain directional control during the aborted landing.
- [NTSB ANC94LA067](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ANC94LA067.md): Cessna 185 · Kassan Bay, AK · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jun 8, 1994 · N4471R · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's inadequate compensation for the wind. Factors were the rough water and the gusty wind condition.
- [NTSB SEA94LA141](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/SEA94LA141.md): Rockwell AC-690 · Casper, WY · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jun 7, 1994 · N265JH · Substantial damage
  > Animals (deer) on the runway during the landing roll. Factors include a dark night.

Next page: https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-phases/550/cases.md?page=321

## The whole list in SQL

Runs in DuckDB 1.2 or later on the release's Parquet files over HTTPS:

```sql
WITH phase_names(main, name) AS (VALUES (100, 'Prior to flight'), (150, 'Standing'), (200, 'Pushback/towing'), (250, 'Taxi'), (300, 'Takeoff'), (350, 'Initial climb'), (400, 'Enroute'), (450, 'Maneuvering'), (500, 'Approach'), (550, 'Landing'), (600, 'Emergency descent'), (650, 'Uncontrolled descent'), (700, 'Post-impact'), (750, 'After landing'), (800, 'Other'), (990, 'Unknown')),
  crosswalk(code, main, name) AS (VALUES (500, 150, 'Standing'), (501, 150, 'Standing - pre-flight'), (502, 150, 'Standing - starting engine(s)'), (503, 150, 'Standing - engine(s) operating'), (504, 150, 'Standing - engine(s) not operating'), (505, 150, 'Standing - idling rotors'), (510, 250, 'Taxi'), (511, 200, 'Taxi - pushback/tow'), (512, 250, 'Taxi - to takeoff'), (513, 250, 'Taxi - from landing'), (514, 250, 'Taxi - aerial'), (520, 300, 'Takeoff'), (521, 300, 'Takeoff - roll/run'), (522, 350, 'Takeoff - initial climb'), (523, 300, 'Takeoff - aborted'), (530, 400, 'Climb'), (531, 400, 'Climb - to cruise'), (540, 400, 'Cruise'), (541, 400, 'Cruise - normal'), (542, 400, 'Maneuvering - holding (IFR)'), (550, 400, 'Descent'), (551, 400, 'Descent - normal'), (552, 600, 'Descent - emergency'), (553, 650, 'Descent - uncontrolled'), (560, 500, 'Approach'), (561, 500, 'Approach - VFR pattern - downwind'), (562, 500, 'Approach - VFR pattern - base turn'), (563, 500, 'Approach - VFR pattern - base leg/base to final'), (564, 500, 'Approach - VFR pattern - final approach'), (565, 500, 'Go-around (VFR)'), (566, 500, 'Approach - IAF to FAF/outer marker (IFR)'), (567, 500, 'Approach - FAF/outer marker to threshold (IFR)'), (568, 500, 'Circling (IFR)'), (569, 500, 'Missed approach (IFR)'), (570, 550, 'Landing'), (571, 550, 'Landing - flare/touchdown'), (572, 550, 'Landing - roll'), (573, 550, 'Landing - aborted'), (574, 550, 'Emergency landing'), (575, 550, 'Emergency landing after takeoff'), (576, 600, 'Emergency descent/landing'), (580, 450, 'Maneuvering'), (581, 450, 'Maneuvering - aerial application'), (582, 450, 'Maneuvering - turn to reverse direction'), (583, 450, 'Maneuvering - turn to landing area (emergency)'), (590, 450, 'Hover'), (591, 450, 'Hover - in ground effect'), (592, 450, 'Hover - out of ground effect'), (600, 800, 'Other'), (610, 990, 'Unknown')),
  current_codes AS (
    SELECT e.case_mkey, TRY_CAST(e."tier1Number" AS INTEGER) AS code,
      row_number() OVER (PARTITION BY e.case_mkey ORDER BY coalesce(e."isDefiningEvent", false) DESC, e.position) AS n
    FROM 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_events.parquet' e
    WHERE e.aircrafts_position = 1 AND e."tier1Number" GLOB '[1-9][0-9]*'
      AND (e."isDefiningEvent" OR e.case_mkey IN (SELECT "mKey" FROM 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_case_detail.parquet' WHERE "isPre1982"))
  ),
  phases AS (
    SELECT case_mkey, 'current' AS scheme, code, CASE WHEN code >= 990 THEN 990 ELSE code // 50 * 50 END AS main
    FROM current_codes WHERE n = 1
    UNION ALL
    SELECT o.case_mkey, 'older', o."phaseOfFlightCode", w.main
    FROM 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_occurrences.parquet' o JOIN crosswalk w ON w.code = o."phaseOfFlightCode"
    WHERE o.aircrafts_position = 1 AND o."occurrenceNumber" = 1 AND o.case_mkey NOT IN (SELECT case_mkey FROM current_codes)
  ),
  case_phases AS (
    SELECT p.*, c."eventDate", c."highestInjuryLevel" = 'Fatal' AS fatal, a.aircraft_model_code
    FROM phases p JOIN 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_case_detail.parquet' c ON c."mKey" = p.case_mkey
    LEFT JOIN 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_aircrafts.parquet' a ON a.case_mkey = p.case_mkey AND a.position = 1
    WHERE c."eventDate" >= DATE '1962-01-01' AND p.main IN (SELECT main FROM phase_names)
  )
SELECT c."ntsbNumber", c."eventDate", c."eventType", c."eventCity", c."eventStateOrRegion", a.n_number, a."aircraftMake", a."aircraftModel", c."highestInjuryLevel", c."totalFatal", c."completionStatus", c.report_url
FROM 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_case_detail.parquet' c LEFT JOIN 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_aircrafts.parquet' a ON a.case_mkey = c."mKey" AND a.position = 1
WHERE c."mKey" IN (SELECT case_mkey FROM case_phases WHERE main = 550)
ORDER BY c."eventDate" DESC, c."ntsbNumber" DESC
```

This list as a web page: https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-phases/550/cases?page=320

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