# NTSB investigations: Landing

NTSB aviation accident and incident investigations since 1962: the probable cause, findings, aircraft, crew, weather and docket of each, linked to the FAA registry and the FAA’s own reports.

Page 321 of 1,075 · 53,703 cases

## Cases, newest first

- [NTSB CHI94LA190](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI94LA190.md): Cessna 182 · Omaha, NE · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jun 6, 1994 · N5380N · Substantial damage
  > inadvertant VFR flight into IMC conditions and the pilot's failure to maintain directional control of the airplane. Factors related to the accident were the ground fog and rough terrain encountered.
- [NTSB ANC94LA068](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ANC94LA068.md): Maule M6-235 · Bethel, AK · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jun 6, 1994 · N56447 · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's failure to maintain directional control during landing.
- [NTSB LAX94LA244](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX94LA244.md): Balloon Works Firefly 8 · Acton, CA · Accident · Serious injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jun 5, 1994 · N9084D · Substantial damage
  > the pilot's improper in-flight planning and his misjudging the wind speed information. Contributing factors were the gusty winds and the lack of suitable terrain.
- [NTSB FTW94LA196](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/FTW94LA196.md): Burkhart Grob G 103 Twin II · Wellington, CO · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jun 5, 1994 · N5462N · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's improper spoiler extension and flare.
- [NTSB ATL94LA114](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ATL94LA114.md): Great Lakes 2T-1A · Lawrenceville, GA · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jun 5, 1994 · N849K · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's failure to maintain directional control during the landing. Factors which contributed to the accident were: the wet runway and the pilot's inattentiveness due to fatigue.
- [NTSB FTW94LA193](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/FTW94LA193.md): Bell 47H-1 · Tulsa, OK · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jun 4, 1994 · N2831B · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's failure to maintain rotor RPM, his delayed landing flare, and the improper touchdown.
- [NTSB SEA94LA139](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/SEA94LA139.md): Piper PA-22 · Melba, ID · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jun 3, 1994 · N2926Z · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's inadequate remedial action, and his excessive brake application. Factors include improper recovery from a bounced landing, and a crosswind.
- [NTSB FTW94LA188](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/FTW94LA188.md): Cessna 182H · Telluride, CO · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jun 3, 1994 · N1838X · Substantial damage
  > Was the pilot's improper recovery from a bounced landing. Factors were gusty winds and runway downslope.
- [NTSB CHI94LA188](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI94LA188.md): Boeing A75N1 · New Paris, IN · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jun 3, 1994 · N9046Y · Substantial damage
  > the pilot's inadequate visual lookout. Factors associated with the accident are a fence post, and the pilot's lack of familiarity with the geographic area (landing environment).
- [NTSB ATL94GA111](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ATL94GA111.md): Grumman G-164A · Savannah, GA · Accident · No injuries · Final report · Jun 2, 1994 · N9868 · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's improper landing flare which resulted in a hard landing. A factor was the operators failure to provide a formal emergency dump procedure.
- [NTSB SEA94LA134](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/SEA94LA134.md): Kopp Kitfox II · Bremerton, WA · Accident · Minor injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jun 1, 1994 · N56MD · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's inadequate remedial action. Factors include the pilot's failure to maintain directional control, and unfavorable winds.
- [NTSB ANC94LA063](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ANC94LA063.md): Piper PA-12 · Fairbanks, AK · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jun 1, 1994 · N4380M · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's selection of an unsuitable landing area.
- [NTSB ANC94LA062](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ANC94LA062.md): Piper PA-18 · Kotzebue, AK · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jun 1, 1994 · N4320Z · Substantial damage
  > Directional control not maintained by the pilot in command. A factor in the accident was the inadvertant ground loop/swerve.
- [NTSB MIA94LA151](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/MIA94LA151.md): Cessna 150H · Sugarloaf Key, FL · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · May 31, 1994 · N50021 · Substantial damage
  > The improper flare and improper recovery from a bounced landing by the pilot-in-command.
- [NTSB LAX94LA228](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX94LA228.md): Piper PA-28-151 · Sonoma, CA · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · May 30, 1994 · N44630 · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's failure to attain the proper touchdown point and his failure to initiate a go-around.
- [NTSB LAX94LA227](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX94LA227.md): Perth Amboy Bird BK · San Jose, CA · Accident · Minor injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · May 30, 1994 · N847W · Substantial damage
  > the separation of the right main landing gear axle from the gear strut for undetermined reasons related to component age.
- [NTSB FTW94LA186](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/FTW94LA186.md): Donner Pitts S-1 · Alvarado, TX · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · May 30, 1994 · N34PD · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's improper compensation for wind conditions. A factor was the crosswind.
- [NTSB CHI94LA186](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI94LA186.md): Hawker Siddeley DH-125-3A · Waukegan, IL · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · May 30, 1994 · N900CD · Substantial damage
  > was the pilot-in-command disregarding the location of the flight manifest container in the cockpit. Factor's associated with the accident were a jammed control column and inadequate procedures for the use and storage of the flight manifest container on the…
- [NTSB CHI94LA184](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI94LA184.md): Cessna 150M · Concordia, KS · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · May 30, 1994 · N66262 · Substantial damage
  > the pilot-in-command's misjudging of the altitude of the airplane and his diversion of attention during the landing. A factor was the improper use of the throttle by the pilot-in-command.
- [NTSB ATL94FA110](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ATL94FA110.md): Beech 58P · Burnsville, NC · Accident · Serious injuries · Field investigation · Final report · May 30, 1994 · N36LC · Destroyed
  > The failure of the pilot to attain a proper touchdown point, resulting in a long landing, and his delayed decision to go around. Factors were the mountainous conditions at the landing site, the existing tailwind, and the pilot's lack of familiarity with the…
- [NTSB SEA94LA144](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/SEA94LA144.md): Cessna 182P · Salt Lake City, UT · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · May 29, 1994 · N8488M · Substantial damage
  > An improper flare by the pilot, who was landing the aircraft, at the time it was damaged.
- [NTSB ATL94LA109](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ATL94LA109.md): Piper PA-22\20 · Kill Devil Hill, NC · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · May 29, 1994 · N1665A · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's failure to adequately compensate for the crosswind condition during a landing rollout.
- [NTSB SEA94LA131](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/SEA94LA131.md): Rockwell S-2R · Touchet, WA · Accident · Minor injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · May 28, 1994 · N5642X · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's inadequate compensation for wind conditions. The wind gusts were a factor.
- [NTSB NYC94LA100](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/NYC94LA100.md): Piper PA-22-150 · Toronto, OH · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · May 28, 1994 · N6153D · Substantial damage
  > the pilot's improper flare, which resulted in the nose gear collapsing and the subsequent nose over of the airplane.
- [NTSB CHI94LA192](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI94LA192.md): Classic YMF-5 · Noblesville, IN · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · May 28, 1994 · N527MN · Substantial damage
  > the pilot's excessive use of brakes. Factors related to the accident were the crosswind and the pilot's inadequate compensation for the wind conditions.
- [NTSB MIA94LA150](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/MIA94LA150.md): Mooney M20-J · Apalachicola, FL · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · May 27, 1994 · N201NH · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's inadequate compensation for the crosswind resulting in not maintaining alignment with the runway and the pilot's delay in aborting the landing. The crosswind was a factor.
- [NTSB MIA94LA157](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/MIA94LA157.md): Robinson R-22 · Bunnell, FL · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · May 26, 1994 · N16MT · Substantial damage
  > The pilot-in-command's improper use of flight controls (cyclic/collective) resulting in a hard landing.
- [NTSB CHI94LA181](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI94LA181.md): Cessna 152 · Olathe, KS · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · May 26, 1994 · N757SU · Substantial damage
  > the pilot-in-command (CFI's) improper compensation for wind conditions and his poor in flight decision making. Factors were a tailwind and a vehicle on the runway.
- [NTSB CHI94DTG01](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI94DTG01.md): Grumman G-164-A · La Moure, ND · Accident · No injuries · Final report · May 26, 1994 · N5277 · Substantial damage
  > failure of the pilot to maintain directional control.
- [NTSB CHI94LA174](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI94LA174.md): Piper PA-28-181 · Weeping Water, NE · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · May 25, 1994 · N2331M · Substantial damage
  > the pilot-in-command's misjudging compensation for wind conditions. Factors were tailwind, and wind information confusing.
- [NTSB ATL94LA106](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ATL94LA106.md): Cessna A185F · Chapel Hill, NC · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · May 25, 1994 · N8527Q · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's inadequate compensation for wind conditions, and his failure to maintain directional control during the landing roll. Factors were the crosswinds and gusts prevailing at the airport at the time of the accident.
- [NTSB FTW94LA178](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/FTW94LA178.md): Schweizer G-164B · Antonito, CO · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · May 24, 1994 · N6695K · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's improper compensation for wind conditions. A factor was the gusty crosswind and the pilot inadvertently becoming lost.
- [NTSB CHI94LA173](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI94LA173.md): Piper PA-28R-201 · Grand Forks, ND · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · May 24, 1994 · N804ND · Substantial damage
  > the pilot-in-command's not maintaining directional control.
- [NTSB CHI94LA171](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI94LA171.md): Cessna 172N · Mackinac Island, MI · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · May 24, 1994 · N3558E · Substantial damage
  > Excessive airspeed and a failure to attain the proper touchdown point on the runway. Factors related to the accident were the wet runway and the fence which was contacted.
- [NTSB ANC94LA058](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ANC94LA058.md): Piper J5A · Lake George, AK · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · May 24, 1994 · N35395 · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's failure to maintain clearance from trees during takeoff. A factor in the accident was the bent gear leg.
- [NTSB NYC94LA091](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/NYC94LA091.md): Cessna 305A · Franklin, VA · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · May 23, 1994 · N5234G · Substantial damage
  > The loss of airplane directional control during landing as a result of a tire failure, and the subsequent collision with soft terrain.
- [NTSB FTW94LA207](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/FTW94LA207.md): Cessna 182L · Mineola, TX · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · May 22, 1994 · N42EM · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's delayed landing flare and his improper bounced landing technique.
- [NTSB FTW94LA179](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/FTW94LA179.md): Boeing B-75 · Deming, NM · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · May 22, 1994 · N85289 · Substantial damage
  > A loss of control on the ground due to the pilot's improper compensation for the crosswind. A factor was the crosswind.
- [NTSB CHI94LA168](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI94LA168.md): Cessna 182B · Glencoe, MN · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · May 22, 1994 · N7261E · Destroyed
  > collision with a fence post during landing roll after an inadvertent landing at the wrong field.
- [NTSB SEA94LA126](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/SEA94LA126.md): Christen Industries Husky · Ogden, UT · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · May 21, 1994 · N103TB · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's inadequate compensation for wind condiitons. The wind gusts were a factor.
- [NTSB NYC94LA085](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/NYC94LA085.md): Beech A-24-R · Hamburg, NY · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · May 21, 1994 · N8041R · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's failure to establish a positive climb rate, which resulted in an inflight collision with trees. Factors were a tailwind, the pilot's premature raising of the flaps, and his failure to do a go around.
- [NTSB MIA94LA146](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/MIA94LA146.md): Mid State Ultra Light Challenger II · Islamorada, FL · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · May 21, 1994 · UNREG · Substantial damage
  > The pilot-in-command's failure to maintain airspeed (VS) while landing in turbulent air resulting in an in-flight loss of control (inadvertent stall), and subsequent in-flight collision with terrain.
- [NTSB FTW94LA172](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/FTW94LA172.md): Cameron V-77 · Durango, CO · Accident · Serious injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · May 21, 1994 · N1992B · No damage
  > The pilot did not attain a proper level off during landing. A downdraft which was encountered was a factor.
- [NTSB CHI94LA164](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI94LA164.md): Beech B23 · Faribault, MN · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · May 19, 1994 · N4016T · Substantial damage
  > a hard landing as a result of the flight instructor's delayed remedial action. A factor associated with the accident is the student pilot's improper flair.
- [NTSB MIA94LA140](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/MIA94LA140.md): Luscombe 8E · Deland, FL · Accident · Minor injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · May 14, 1994 · N71128 · Substantial damage
  > Corrosion and subsequent failure of the left main landing gear strut.
- [NTSB SEA94LA118](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/SEA94LA118.md): Maule M-5-235C · Columbia, CA · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · May 13, 1994 · N711CX · Substantial damage
  > The pilot in command's failure to maintain directional control. The crosswind was a factor.
- [NTSB MIA94LA138](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/MIA94LA138.md): Piper J3C-65 · Belleair, FL · Accident · Minor injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · May 13, 1994 · N114WW · Substantial damage
  > Improper maintenance inspection of the crankcase breather tube resulting in failure to detect blockage of the tube.
- [NTSB FTW94LA153](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/FTW94LA153.md): Cessna 120 · Goodyear, AZ · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · May 11, 1994 · N89550 · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's failure to maintain directional control. A factor was the gusty crosswind.
- [NTSB CHI94LA153](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI94LA153.md): Maule M-4 · Salina, KS · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · May 9, 1994 · N12016 · Substantial damage
  > Failure of the pilot to maintain directional control, which resulted in an inadvertent ground loop/swerve. Factors related to the accident were: the crosswind, and the pilot's lack of experience in the make and model of aircraft.
- [NTSB ANC94LA056](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ANC94LA056.md): Champion 7GCBC · Circle Hot Spri, AK · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · May 9, 1994 · N1648G · Substantial damage
  > The pilot-in-command's failure to maintain directional control and his lack of experience in crosswind landings.

Next page: https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-phases/550/cases.md?page=322

## The whole list in SQL

Runs in DuckDB 1.2 or later on the release's Parquet files over HTTPS:

```sql
WITH phase_names(main, name) AS (VALUES (100, 'Prior to flight'), (150, 'Standing'), (200, 'Pushback/towing'), (250, 'Taxi'), (300, 'Takeoff'), (350, 'Initial climb'), (400, 'Enroute'), (450, 'Maneuvering'), (500, 'Approach'), (550, 'Landing'), (600, 'Emergency descent'), (650, 'Uncontrolled descent'), (700, 'Post-impact'), (750, 'After landing'), (800, 'Other'), (990, 'Unknown')),
  crosswalk(code, main, name) AS (VALUES (500, 150, 'Standing'), (501, 150, 'Standing - pre-flight'), (502, 150, 'Standing - starting engine(s)'), (503, 150, 'Standing - engine(s) operating'), (504, 150, 'Standing - engine(s) not operating'), (505, 150, 'Standing - idling rotors'), (510, 250, 'Taxi'), (511, 200, 'Taxi - pushback/tow'), (512, 250, 'Taxi - to takeoff'), (513, 250, 'Taxi - from landing'), (514, 250, 'Taxi - aerial'), (520, 300, 'Takeoff'), (521, 300, 'Takeoff - roll/run'), (522, 350, 'Takeoff - initial climb'), (523, 300, 'Takeoff - aborted'), (530, 400, 'Climb'), (531, 400, 'Climb - to cruise'), (540, 400, 'Cruise'), (541, 400, 'Cruise - normal'), (542, 400, 'Maneuvering - holding (IFR)'), (550, 400, 'Descent'), (551, 400, 'Descent - normal'), (552, 600, 'Descent - emergency'), (553, 650, 'Descent - uncontrolled'), (560, 500, 'Approach'), (561, 500, 'Approach - VFR pattern - downwind'), (562, 500, 'Approach - VFR pattern - base turn'), (563, 500, 'Approach - VFR pattern - base leg/base to final'), (564, 500, 'Approach - VFR pattern - final approach'), (565, 500, 'Go-around (VFR)'), (566, 500, 'Approach - IAF to FAF/outer marker (IFR)'), (567, 500, 'Approach - FAF/outer marker to threshold (IFR)'), (568, 500, 'Circling (IFR)'), (569, 500, 'Missed approach (IFR)'), (570, 550, 'Landing'), (571, 550, 'Landing - flare/touchdown'), (572, 550, 'Landing - roll'), (573, 550, 'Landing - aborted'), (574, 550, 'Emergency landing'), (575, 550, 'Emergency landing after takeoff'), (576, 600, 'Emergency descent/landing'), (580, 450, 'Maneuvering'), (581, 450, 'Maneuvering - aerial application'), (582, 450, 'Maneuvering - turn to reverse direction'), (583, 450, 'Maneuvering - turn to landing area (emergency)'), (590, 450, 'Hover'), (591, 450, 'Hover - in ground effect'), (592, 450, 'Hover - out of ground effect'), (600, 800, 'Other'), (610, 990, 'Unknown')),
  current_codes AS (
    SELECT e.case_mkey, TRY_CAST(e."tier1Number" AS INTEGER) AS code,
      row_number() OVER (PARTITION BY e.case_mkey ORDER BY coalesce(e."isDefiningEvent", false) DESC, e.position) AS n
    FROM 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_events.parquet' e
    WHERE e.aircrafts_position = 1 AND e."tier1Number" GLOB '[1-9][0-9]*'
      AND (e."isDefiningEvent" OR e.case_mkey IN (SELECT "mKey" FROM 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_case_detail.parquet' WHERE "isPre1982"))
  ),
  phases AS (
    SELECT case_mkey, 'current' AS scheme, code, CASE WHEN code >= 990 THEN 990 ELSE code // 50 * 50 END AS main
    FROM current_codes WHERE n = 1
    UNION ALL
    SELECT o.case_mkey, 'older', o."phaseOfFlightCode", w.main
    FROM 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_occurrences.parquet' o JOIN crosswalk w ON w.code = o."phaseOfFlightCode"
    WHERE o.aircrafts_position = 1 AND o."occurrenceNumber" = 1 AND o.case_mkey NOT IN (SELECT case_mkey FROM current_codes)
  ),
  case_phases AS (
    SELECT p.*, c."eventDate", c."highestInjuryLevel" = 'Fatal' AS fatal, a.aircraft_model_code
    FROM phases p JOIN 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_case_detail.parquet' c ON c."mKey" = p.case_mkey
    LEFT JOIN 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_aircrafts.parquet' a ON a.case_mkey = p.case_mkey AND a.position = 1
    WHERE c."eventDate" >= DATE '1962-01-01' AND p.main IN (SELECT main FROM phase_names)
  )
SELECT c."ntsbNumber", c."eventDate", c."eventType", c."eventCity", c."eventStateOrRegion", a.n_number, a."aircraftMake", a."aircraftModel", c."highestInjuryLevel", c."totalFatal", c."completionStatus", c.report_url
FROM 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_case_detail.parquet' c LEFT JOIN 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_aircrafts.parquet' a ON a.case_mkey = c."mKey" AND a.position = 1
WHERE c."mKey" IN (SELECT case_mkey FROM case_phases WHERE main = 550)
ORDER BY c."eventDate" DESC, c."ntsbNumber" DESC
```

This list as a web page: https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-phases/550/cases?page=321

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