# NTSB investigations: Landing

NTSB aviation accident and incident investigations since 1962: the probable cause, findings, aircraft, crew, weather and docket of each, linked to the FAA registry and the FAA’s own reports.

Page 322 of 1,075 · 53,703 cases

## Cases, newest first

- [NTSB LAX94LA218](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX94LA218.md): Cessna 172 · Santa Ana, CA · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · May 8, 1994 · N8246B · Substantial damage
  > the pilot's failure to maintain directional control of the aircraft. A factor in the accident was the pilot's limited experience in conventional gear aircraft.
- [NTSB LAX94LA216](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX94LA216.md): Cessna 152 · Chandler, AZ · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · May 8, 1994 · N4594B · Substantial damage
  > the student pilot's failure to maintain directional control of the aircraft.
- [NTSB FTW94LA151](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/FTW94LA151.md): Rolladen-Schneider LS-4 · Elbert, CO · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · May 8, 1994 · N4MN · Substantial damage
  > Inadequate visual lookout on the part of both pilots. A factor was poor airport operations.
- [NTSB CHI94LA152](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI94LA152.md): Grumman American TR-2 · Wichita, KS · Accident · Minor injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · May 8, 1994 · N1639R · Substantial damage
  > was the pilot-in-command not performing an aborted landing after the first porpoise event and bounce into the air. Factors associated with this accident were an excessive airspeed and porpoising encountered by the pilot-in-command.
- [NTSB CHI94LA150](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI94LA150.md): Boeing B75-N1 · Sandwich, IL · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · May 8, 1994 · N68135 · Substantial damage
  > the pilot in command's failure to maintain directional control during a crosswind landing and attempted go around.
- [NTSB MIA94LA131](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/MIA94LA131.md): Cessna 182P · Crystal River, FL · Accident · Minor injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · May 7, 1994 · N7355S · Substantial damage
  > Failure of the pilot-in-command to maintain directional control during the landing roll.
- [NTSB ANC94LA055](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ANC94LA055.md): Piper PA-32-300 · Allakaket, AK · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · May 7, 1994 · N8908N · Substantial damage
  > The pilot-in-command's failure to maintain proper runway alignment after landing.
- [NTSB MIA94LA133](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/MIA94LA133.md): Cessna 170A · Boca Raton, FL · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · May 6, 1994 · N9534A · Substantial damage
  > The failure of the pilot to maintain directional control.
- [NTSB ATL94LA096](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ATL94LA096.md): Beech 23-C23 · Knightdale, NC · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · May 6, 1994 · N6660R · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's improper landing flare that resulted in the collapse of the nose landing gear.
- [NTSB CHI94LA148](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI94LA148.md): North American T-6G · Prairie Du Sac, WI · Accident · Minor injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · May 5, 1994 · N3715G · Substantial damage
  > inadequate compensation for wind conditions which resulted in a failure to maintain directional control. Factors associated with the accident were the crosswind conditions and the soft terrain.
- [NTSB NYC94LA084](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/NYC94LA084.md): Cessna 421A · Richlands, VA · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · May 3, 1994 · N2211W · Substantial damage
  > The hard landing, as a result of the pilot's misjudged rate of descent. A factor related to the accident was the pilot's limited experience in this make and model airplane.
- [NTSB NYC94LA077](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/NYC94LA077.md): Cessna 152 · Ellington, CT · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · May 3, 1994 · N5369H · Substantial damage
  > The student pilot's improper recovery from a bounced landing which resulted in a loss of directional control. A factor was the student pilot's imroper landing flare, which resulted in a hard landing.
- [NTSB CHI94LA146](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI94LA146.md): Cessna P210N · Bay City, MI · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · May 3, 1994 · N7588K · Substantial damage
  > The pilot-in-command not following the airplane pre-landing checklist and the delay in landing gear extension.
- [NTSB SEA94LA114](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/SEA94LA114.md): Cessna 150K · Chehalis, WA · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · May 2, 1994 · N150S · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's inadequate compensation for wind conditions. A factor to the accident was: crosswind.
- [NTSB NYC94LA076](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/NYC94LA076.md): Piper PA-28-180 · Danbury, CT · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · May 2, 1994 · N8454N · Substantial damage
  > The student pilot's inadequate compensattion for wind conditions. The crosswind was a factor.
- [NTSB ATL94IA088](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ATL94IA088.md): Fokker F28 MK 0100 · Charlotte, NC · Incident · No injuries · Incident investigation · Final report · May 1, 1994 · N890US · Minor damage
  > The improper rigging of the nose wheel steering system by company maintenance personnel.
- [NTSB BFO94LA080](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/BFO94LA080.md): Cessna 150L · Farmingdale, NJ · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Apr 30, 1994 · N1561Q · Substantial damage
  > The student pilot's improper flare and the flight instructor's inadequate supervision.
- [NTSB SEA94LA115](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/SEA94LA115.md): Cessna 172P · Hillsboro, OR · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Apr 29, 1994 · N53161 · Substantial damage
  > Poor in-flight planning. Factors to the accident were: inadequate remedial action and uncontrolled porpoise.
- [NTSB DCA94MA053](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/DCA94MA053.md): Piper PA31 · Stratford, CT · Accident · 8 fatal · Class 1 · Major · Final report · Apr 28, 1994 · N990RA · Destroyed
  > The failure of the captain to use the available ILS glideslope, his failure to execute a go-around when conditions were not suitable for landing, and his failure to land the airplane at a point sufficient to allow for a safe stopping distance; the fatalities…
- [NTSB CHI94LA142](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI94LA142.md): Bell 47G · Springfield, MO · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Apr 27, 1994 · N46DH · Substantial damage
  > the pilot-in-command misjudging the autorotation and improper use of collective.
- [NTSB SEA94LA108](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/SEA94LA108.md): Piper J3C-65 · Snohomish, WA · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Apr 23, 1994 · N70277 · Substantial damage
  > Poor in-flight planning/decision. A factor to the accident was: high vegetation.
- [NTSB LAX94LA205](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX94LA205.md): Grumman G-164B · Robbins, CA · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Apr 23, 1994 · N6774K · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's improper use of the brakes.
- [NTSB FTW94LA143](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/FTW94LA143.md): Cessna 140 · Hempstead, TX · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Apr 23, 1994 · N2302N · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's improper selection of the strip between the two runways. Factors were the pilot not being familiar with the airstrip and the soft, wet terrain.
- [NTSB CHI94LA141](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI94LA141.md): Cessna 182P · Kahoka, MO · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Apr 23, 1994 · N1483M · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's failure to determine the wind conditions before attempting to land in conditions which exceeded the performance capability of the airplane.
- [NTSB BFO94FA073](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/BFO94FA073.md): Beech B24R · College Park, MD · Accident · 4 fatal · Field investigation · Final report · Apr 23, 1994 · N9353S · Destroyed
  > the pilot's improper flare and delayed recovery from the bounced landing. Factors contributing to the accident were the pilot's failure to retract the landing gear during the aborted landing; the exceeded allowable gross weight; and the unfavorable wind…
- [NTSB LAX94LA215](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX94LA215.md): Cessna 172N · Sedona, AZ · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Apr 22, 1994 · N2946E · Substantial damage
  > The cfi's improper level off during landing. The tailwind was a factor.
- [NTSB CHI94LA138](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI94LA138.md): Schweizer 269C · Fargo, ND · Accident · Minor injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Apr 21, 1994 · N3623Y · Substantial damage
  > the pilot in command's improper autorotation technique. A factor associated with the accident is the FAA Inspector's delayed remedial action.
- [NTSB CHI94LA136](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI94LA136.md): Cessna 150A · Angola, IN · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Apr 20, 1994 · N7044X · Substantial damage
  > the on ground collision of the airplane with a deer. A factor was the dark night.
- [NTSB SEA94LA104](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/SEA94LA104.md): Cessna 182 · Hanksville, UT · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Apr 18, 1994 · N5045D · Substantial damage
  > The excess airspeed maintained by the pilot on final approach, and his failure to attain the proper touchdown point. Factors include loose gravel, and a berm off the end of the intended landing strip.
- [NTSB FTW94LA130](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/FTW94LA130.md): Beech 95 · Greeley, CO · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Apr 18, 1994 · N3051 · Substantial damage
  > A failure of the right engine propeller governor oil line which was the incorrect line and improperly installed by maintenance personnel.
- [NTSB BFO94LA070](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/BFO94LA070.md): Piper PA-32R-300 · Bedford, PA · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Apr 18, 1994 · N4445X · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's failure to maintain the proper descent rate which resulted in an undershoot of the runway.
- [NTSB CHI94LA135](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI94LA135.md): Cessna 150J · Fredricktown, MO · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Apr 17, 1994 · N51175 · Substantial damage
  > the pilot's inadequate compensation for wind conditions. A factor associated with the accident was the crosswind.
- [NTSB ANC94LA050](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ANC94LA050.md): Maule M5-235C · Fairbanks, AK · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Apr 17, 1994 · N9237E · Substantial damage
  > The failure of the pilot to abort the takeoff when her foot interfered and restricted the movement of the rudder control system.
- [NTSB SEA94LA102](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/SEA94LA102.md): Cessna 172L · Colville, WA · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Apr 16, 1994 · N3854Q · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's failure to attain a proper touchdown point, and his excessive airspeed at the point of touchdown. Factors include the student pilot's lack of recent experience, and a ravine off the end of the runway.
- [NTSB FTW94LA127](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/FTW94LA127.md): Cessna 152 · College Station, TX · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Apr 16, 1994 · N6315M · Substantial damage
  > The improper landing, abrupt lowering of the nose gear. A factor was the landing airspeed exceeded.
- [NTSB CHI94LA132](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI94LA132.md): Aerostar RX-7 · Augusta, KS · Accident · Serious injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Apr 16, 1994 · N6408F · No damage
  > The improper touchdown performed by the balloon pilot.
- [NTSB FTW94LA129](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/FTW94LA129.md): Cessna 172P · Tulsa, OK · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Apr 15, 1994 · N63456 · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's failure to compensate for wind conditions. A factor was the gusting cross wind.
- [NTSB ATL94LA091](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ATL94LA091.md): Cessna 172M · Barnwell, SC · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Apr 14, 1994 · N61990 · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's failure to flare properly which resulted in a hard landing.
- [NTSB MIA94LA124](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/MIA94LA124.md): Cessna 172N · Crescent City, FL · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Apr 13, 1994 · N8196G · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's improper descent rate, and the check pilot's inadequate supervision. The glassy water condition was a factor.
- [NTSB MIA94LA120](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/MIA94LA120.md): Pitts S1-C · Lakeland, FL · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Apr 13, 1994 · N16LW · Substantial damage
  > The pilot-in-command's failure to maintain proper runway alignment during a crosswind landing.
- [NTSB LAX94LA186](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX94LA186.md): Cessna 172P · Elko, NV · Accident · Serious injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Apr 11, 1994 · N54006 · Substantial damage
  > the student pilot's improper use of the throttle and flap controls during a bounced landing recovery, and, his failure to maintain an adequate airspeed, which led to an inadvertent stall/spin.
- [NTSB ANC94LA044](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ANC94LA044.md): Piper J3 · Denali Nat'L Pk, AK · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Apr 10, 1994 · N37932 · Substantial damage
  > The failure of the landing gear bolt attachment fitting due to fatigue.
- [NTSB ATL94LA078](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ATL94LA078.md): Beech C-23 · Collegedale, TN · Accident · Minor injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Apr 9, 1994 · N6639C · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's failure to compensate for wind conditions during a crosswind landing. The crosswind was a factor.
- [NTSB MIA94LA115](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/MIA94LA115.md): Piper PA-28-151 · Boca Raton, FL · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Apr 8, 1994 · N32056 · Substantial damage
  > The failure of the dual student to maintain directional control during landing and the failure of the flight instructor to properly supervise the dual student and take corrective action in a timely manner.
- [NTSB BFO94LA061](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/BFO94LA061.md): Cessna 172N · Clarksburg, WV · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Apr 7, 1994 · N739HC · Substantial damage
  > the pilot's selection of a downwind runway, and his inadequate compensation for the wind conditions. A factor was the gusting tailwind.
- [NTSB MIA94LA112](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/MIA94LA112.md): Cessna 152 · Pompano Beach, FL · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Apr 6, 1994 · N24737 · Substantial damage
  > The student pilot's improper recovery from a bounced landing, resulting in a porpoise of the aircraft and nose gear collapse.
- [NTSB MIA94LA111](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/MIA94LA111.md): Mooney M20-J · Daytona Beach, FL · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Apr 5, 1994 · N187ER · Substantial damage
  > Collapse of the left main landing gear for unknown reasons.
- [NTSB LAX94LA179](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX94LA179.md): Cessna 177RG · Sedona, AZ · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Apr 5, 1994 · N35060 · Substantial damage
  > the pilot's inadequate compensation of the existing wind conditions, and failure to maintain directional control of the aircraft.
- [NTSB CHI94LA127](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI94LA127.md): Beech 35 · Anderson, IN · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Apr 4, 1994 · N9597R · Substantial damage
  > the pilot's failure to maintain directional control during the landing roll. A factor related to the accident was the rough terrain encountered following the loss of control.
- [NTSB BFO94LA065](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/BFO94LA065.md): Piper PA-28R-200 · Willimantic, CT · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Apr 4, 1994 · N30DW · Substantial damage
  > The instructor's inadequate supervision and the student's improper landing flare.

Next page: https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-phases/550/cases.md?page=323

## The whole list in SQL

Runs in DuckDB 1.2 or later on the release's Parquet files over HTTPS:

```sql
WITH phase_names(main, name) AS (VALUES (100, 'Prior to flight'), (150, 'Standing'), (200, 'Pushback/towing'), (250, 'Taxi'), (300, 'Takeoff'), (350, 'Initial climb'), (400, 'Enroute'), (450, 'Maneuvering'), (500, 'Approach'), (550, 'Landing'), (600, 'Emergency descent'), (650, 'Uncontrolled descent'), (700, 'Post-impact'), (750, 'After landing'), (800, 'Other'), (990, 'Unknown')),
  crosswalk(code, main, name) AS (VALUES (500, 150, 'Standing'), (501, 150, 'Standing - pre-flight'), (502, 150, 'Standing - starting engine(s)'), (503, 150, 'Standing - engine(s) operating'), (504, 150, 'Standing - engine(s) not operating'), (505, 150, 'Standing - idling rotors'), (510, 250, 'Taxi'), (511, 200, 'Taxi - pushback/tow'), (512, 250, 'Taxi - to takeoff'), (513, 250, 'Taxi - from landing'), (514, 250, 'Taxi - aerial'), (520, 300, 'Takeoff'), (521, 300, 'Takeoff - roll/run'), (522, 350, 'Takeoff - initial climb'), (523, 300, 'Takeoff - aborted'), (530, 400, 'Climb'), (531, 400, 'Climb - to cruise'), (540, 400, 'Cruise'), (541, 400, 'Cruise - normal'), (542, 400, 'Maneuvering - holding (IFR)'), (550, 400, 'Descent'), (551, 400, 'Descent - normal'), (552, 600, 'Descent - emergency'), (553, 650, 'Descent - uncontrolled'), (560, 500, 'Approach'), (561, 500, 'Approach - VFR pattern - downwind'), (562, 500, 'Approach - VFR pattern - base turn'), (563, 500, 'Approach - VFR pattern - base leg/base to final'), (564, 500, 'Approach - VFR pattern - final approach'), (565, 500, 'Go-around (VFR)'), (566, 500, 'Approach - IAF to FAF/outer marker (IFR)'), (567, 500, 'Approach - FAF/outer marker to threshold (IFR)'), (568, 500, 'Circling (IFR)'), (569, 500, 'Missed approach (IFR)'), (570, 550, 'Landing'), (571, 550, 'Landing - flare/touchdown'), (572, 550, 'Landing - roll'), (573, 550, 'Landing - aborted'), (574, 550, 'Emergency landing'), (575, 550, 'Emergency landing after takeoff'), (576, 600, 'Emergency descent/landing'), (580, 450, 'Maneuvering'), (581, 450, 'Maneuvering - aerial application'), (582, 450, 'Maneuvering - turn to reverse direction'), (583, 450, 'Maneuvering - turn to landing area (emergency)'), (590, 450, 'Hover'), (591, 450, 'Hover - in ground effect'), (592, 450, 'Hover - out of ground effect'), (600, 800, 'Other'), (610, 990, 'Unknown')),
  current_codes AS (
    SELECT e.case_mkey, TRY_CAST(e."tier1Number" AS INTEGER) AS code,
      row_number() OVER (PARTITION BY e.case_mkey ORDER BY coalesce(e."isDefiningEvent", false) DESC, e.position) AS n
    FROM 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_events.parquet' e
    WHERE e.aircrafts_position = 1 AND e."tier1Number" GLOB '[1-9][0-9]*'
      AND (e."isDefiningEvent" OR e.case_mkey IN (SELECT "mKey" FROM 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_case_detail.parquet' WHERE "isPre1982"))
  ),
  phases AS (
    SELECT case_mkey, 'current' AS scheme, code, CASE WHEN code >= 990 THEN 990 ELSE code // 50 * 50 END AS main
    FROM current_codes WHERE n = 1
    UNION ALL
    SELECT o.case_mkey, 'older', o."phaseOfFlightCode", w.main
    FROM 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_occurrences.parquet' o JOIN crosswalk w ON w.code = o."phaseOfFlightCode"
    WHERE o.aircrafts_position = 1 AND o."occurrenceNumber" = 1 AND o.case_mkey NOT IN (SELECT case_mkey FROM current_codes)
  ),
  case_phases AS (
    SELECT p.*, c."eventDate", c."highestInjuryLevel" = 'Fatal' AS fatal, a.aircraft_model_code
    FROM phases p JOIN 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_case_detail.parquet' c ON c."mKey" = p.case_mkey
    LEFT JOIN 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_aircrafts.parquet' a ON a.case_mkey = p.case_mkey AND a.position = 1
    WHERE c."eventDate" >= DATE '1962-01-01' AND p.main IN (SELECT main FROM phase_names)
  )
SELECT c."ntsbNumber", c."eventDate", c."eventType", c."eventCity", c."eventStateOrRegion", a.n_number, a."aircraftMake", a."aircraftModel", c."highestInjuryLevel", c."totalFatal", c."completionStatus", c.report_url
FROM 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_case_detail.parquet' c LEFT JOIN 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_aircrafts.parquet' a ON a.case_mkey = c."mKey" AND a.position = 1
WHERE c."mKey" IN (SELECT case_mkey FROM case_phases WHERE main = 550)
ORDER BY c."eventDate" DESC, c."ntsbNumber" DESC
```

This list as a web page: https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-phases/550/cases?page=322

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