# NTSB investigations: Landing

NTSB aviation accident and incident investigations since 1962: the probable cause, findings, aircraft, crew, weather and docket of each, linked to the FAA registry and the FAA’s own reports.

Page 323 of 1,075 · 53,703 cases

## Cases, newest first

- [NTSB SEA94LA095](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/SEA94LA095.md): Beech V35B · Spangle, WA · Accident · Minor injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Apr 3, 1994 · N6746B · Substantial damage
  > The pilot not maintaining clearance from the fence. A factor in the accident was the dusk light conditions.
- [NTSB BFO94LA058](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/BFO94LA058.md): Piper PA-38-112 · New Castle, DE · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Apr 3, 1994 · N2542L · Substantial damage
  > Inadequate clearance from obstacles, which resulted in birds strike. A factor was night conditions.
- [NTSB LAX94LA183](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX94LA183.md): Piper PA-18-150 · Beowawe, NV · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Apr 2, 1994 · N8884D · Substantial damage
  > the pilot's inadvertent application of the brakes combined with excessive forward control pressure during recovery from a bounced landing.
- [NTSB ATL94LA073](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ATL94LA073.md): Piper PA-24-180 · Boone, NC · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Apr 2, 1994 · N5704P · Substantial damage
  > The excessive speed used on final approach to the short runway by the pilot, and the failure of the pilot to use the proper touchdown point on the runway for landing.
- [NTSB CHI94LA124](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI94LA124.md): Cessna 177RG · Charlotte, MI · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Mar 31, 1994 · N7581V · Substantial damage
  > the deer which ran onto the runway. Factors related to the accident were the night conditions and the runway lights which were contacted.
- [NTSB SEA94LA093](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/SEA94LA093.md): Cessna 210D · Cobalt, ID · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Mar 30, 1994 · N3820Y · Substantial damage
  > The pilot selected unsuitable terrain for landing. Factors in the accident were: the wet runway and rising terrain that precluded a go-around.
- [NTSB SEA94LA092](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/SEA94LA092.md): Grumman-Schweizer G-164B · Levan, UT · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Mar 30, 1994 · N6754Q · Substantial damage
  > The left main landing gear wheel bearing broke resulting in the wheel jamming and the airplane nosing over.
- [NTSB ATL94LA072](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ATL94LA072.md): Foote M1 Mustang · Marietta, GA · Accident · Serious injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Mar 30, 1994 · N130MJ · Substantial damage
  > The failure of the pilot to maintain control of the aircraft. Factors in the accident were the lack of familiarization with the aircraft by the pilot, and throttle cable rigging in the experimental aircraft.
- [NTSB LAX94LA175](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX94LA175.md): Mooney M-20C · Hyampom, CA · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Mar 29, 1994 · N4045N · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's failure to follow proper procedures by assuring that the landing gear locking mechanism was properly engaged.
- [NTSB MIA94LA106](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/MIA94LA106.md): Cessna 172RG · Parkland, FL · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Mar 28, 1994 · N9786B · Substantial damage
  > Improper planning/decision by the director of operations, and failure of the instructor pilot to take adequate remedial action. A factor related to the accident was: the soft/wet runway condition.
- [NTSB FTW94LA113](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/FTW94LA113.md): North American SNJ-5 · Houston, TX · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Mar 28, 1994 · N73SL · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's failure to maintain directional control.
- [NTSB MIA94LA107](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/MIA94LA107.md): Cessna 310Q · West Palm Beach, FL · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Mar 26, 1994 · N69978 · Substantial damage
  > The pilot-in-command's inadvertent landing with the brakes on, resulting in a bounced landing and his failure to maintain airspeed after a bounced landing which resulted in the aircraft stalling and landing hard.
- [NTSB MIA94LA104](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/MIA94LA104.md): Cessna 172N · Stuart, FL · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Mar 26, 1994 · N6HV · Substantial damage
  > Poor in-flight planning/decision by the pilot-in-command. Contributing to the accident was wind information disregarded by the pilot-in-command.
- [NTSB ATL94LA068](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ATL94LA068.md): Beech C23 · Dahlonega, GA · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Mar 26, 1994 · N9722Q · Substantial damage
  > The poor in-flight decision by the pilot to divert his attention from the runway on short final in order to retrieve a flashlight.
- [NTSB ANC94LA042](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ANC94LA042.md): Bell 206B · Wrangell, AK · Accident · Minor injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Mar 26, 1994 · N49727 · Destroyed
  > The pilot-in-command's failure to assure that he had the proper clearance from obstructions prior to landing on the platform. A factor in the accident was the high obstruction (tree strump).
- [NTSB CHI94LA123](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI94LA123.md): Cessna 152 · Dubuque, IA · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Mar 25, 1994 · N89761 · Substantial damage
  > the student pilot's improper recovery from a bounced landing. The student pilot's lack of total flight experience was a factor.
- [NTSB SEA94LA090](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/SEA94LA090.md): Bellanca 8KCAB · Driggs, ID · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Mar 24, 1994 · N86807 · Substantial damage
  > Directional control was not maintained. A factor to the accident was: inadequate remedial action.
- [NTSB NYC94LA071](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/NYC94LA071.md): Cessna 152 · Amherst, MA · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Mar 23, 1994 · N6460L · Substantial damage
  > The student pilot's inadvertently becoming lost, and the subsequent precautionary landing in a field, resulting in a collision with soft terrain and nose over.
- [NTSB LAX94LA172](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX94LA172.md): Robinson R-22B · Simi Valley, CA · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Mar 23, 1994 · N4081P · Substantial damage
  > The student pilot's improper hovering autorotation by allowing the helicopter to drift laterally and rearward, resulting in the helicopter rolling over during touchdown, and the flight instructor's inadequate supervision of the flight.
- [NTSB CHI94LA122](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI94LA122.md): Cessna 172P · Wheeling, IL · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Mar 23, 1994 · N97650 · Substantial damage
  > the pilot's inadequate compensation for wind conditions. A factor associated with the accident was the crosswind.
- [NTSB SEA94LA089](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/SEA94LA089.md): Beech 95-C55 · Gillette, WY · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Mar 21, 1994 · N9415S · Substantial damage
  > Procedures/directives were not followed and partial failure of the landing gear selector switch. A factor to the accident was an inoperative gear warning system.
- [NTSB CHI94LA119](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI94LA119.md): Piper PA-28-180 · New Richmond, WI · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Mar 21, 1994 · N7812W · Substantial damage
  > the failure of the pilot to maintain directional control.
- [NTSB NYC94LA070](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/NYC94LA070.md): Aviat Pitts S-2B · Albion, NY · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Mar 20, 1994 · N60827 · Substantial damage
  > the pilot's loss of directional control during the landing roll, and the subsequent collision with soft terrain and nose over. Factors related to the accident were: the snowbanks on either side of the runway, and the pilot's lack of recent flight experience.
- [NTSB CHI94LA120](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI94LA120.md): Defelici Kitfox III · Oxford, IA · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Mar 20, 1994 · N596D · Substantial damage
  > the failure of the pilot-in-command (CFI) to maintain directional control. A factor related to the accident was the inadvertent interference with the flight controls by the student pilot.
- [NTSB ATL94LA066](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ATL94LA066.md): Boeing PT-17 · Chamblee, GA · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Mar 19, 1994 · N57TH · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's failure to compensate for the wind condition during landing. A factor is a tailwind.
- [NTSB NYC94LA063](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/NYC94LA063.md): Cessna 172RG · Fairfield, NJ · Accident · Minor injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Mar 18, 1994 · N9585B · Substantial damage
  > The failure of the pilot to attain a proper touchdown, at the proper speed which resulted in an overrun and contact with a fence. A factor was the failure of the pilot to follow his initial air traffic instructions.
- [NTSB FTW94LA111](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/FTW94LA111.md): Cessna 172M · Flippin, AR · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Mar 18, 1994 · N6654H · Substantial damage
  > The student pilot's premature flare and the resultant inadvertent stall.
- [NTSB FTW94LA106](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/FTW94LA106.md): Cessna 172L · Buena Vista, CO · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Mar 18, 1994 · N7876G · Substantial damage
  > The improper supervision of the instructor pilot. A factor was the loss of directional control by the student pilot.
- [NTSB ANC94LA040](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ANC94LA040.md): Cessna 180 · Eureka Lodge, AK · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Mar 18, 1994 · N2423F · Substantial damage
  > The pilot-in-command's selection of unsuitable terrain for a landing.
- [NTSB CHI94LA115](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI94LA115.md): Cessna 152 · Wheeling, IL · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Mar 17, 1994 · N2MS · Substantial damage
  > the student pilot's improper recovery from a bounced landing.
- [NTSB CHI94LA112](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI94LA112.md): Dassault-Breguet Falcon 900 · Detroit, MI · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Mar 17, 1994 · N327K · Substantial damage
  > the nose landing gear jammed in the UP position due to low pressure in the nose gear strut. A factor associated with the accident is the manufacturer's insufficient standards/requirements for determining the amount of nose strut inflation.
- [NTSB NYC94LA059](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/NYC94LA059.md): Piper PA-32-300 · Norwood, MA · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Mar 16, 1994 · N7303R · Substantial damage
  > The inadequate supervision by the instructor pilot during the landing, resulting in the improper runway alignment by the student pilot, and the subsequent collision with a snowbank. A factor related to the accident was the incomplete runway snow removal.
- [NTSB LAX94LA161](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX94LA161.md): Luscombe 8EZ · Prescott, AZ · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Mar 12, 1994 · N2295K · Substantial damage
  > the flying pilot's inadequate compensation for the existing crosswind condition, his failure to maintain directional control, and the inadvertent entry into a ground loop. A factor in the accident was the flying pilot's lack of experience in conventional…
- [NTSB ANC94LA043](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ANC94LA043.md): Piper PA-18 · Soldotna, AK · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Mar 12, 1994 · N3485Z · Substantial damage
  > The failure of the pilot-in-command/flight instructor to maintain directional control of the airplane.
- [NTSB SEA94LA083](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/SEA94LA083.md): Cessna 172 · Seattle, WA · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Mar 11, 1994 · N52807 · Substantial damage
  > The student's improper flare for landing and the instructor's delayed remedial action.
- [NTSB CHI94LA108](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI94LA108.md): Piper PA-18-150 · Ottumwa, SD · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Mar 11, 1994 · N14395 · Substantial damage
  > inadequate compensation for wind conditions and the pilot's failure to maintain directional control. Factors related to the accident were the crosswind and the fence posts.
- [NTSB CHI94DEP03](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI94DEP03.md): Lancair 360 · Waukesha, WI · Accident · No injuries · Final report · Mar 11, 1994 · N3603R · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's improper flare during landing. Factors related to the accident were a loss of directional control and rough terrain.
- [NTSB SEA94LA080](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/SEA94LA080.md): Unrein 80-P51D · Scapp00se, OR · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Mar 10, 1994 · N51PL · Substantial damage
  > The inadvertent unlocking of the tailwheel lock. Factors include the manufacturer's inadequate tailwheel lock.
- [NTSB NYC94LA060](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/NYC94LA060.md): Cessna 172K · Dayton, OH · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Mar 10, 1994 · N79136 · Substantial damage
  > the pilot's failure to maintain directional control which resulted in a runway overrun. Factors are the pilot's improper recovery from a bounced landing, and his lack of experience.
- [NTSB LAX94LA156](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX94LA156.md): Cessna 152 · Angwin, CA · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Mar 10, 1994 · N5368M · Substantial damage
  > the failure of the pilot to maintain directional control of the aircraft. A factor in the accident was the pilots lack of total experience.
- [NTSB CHI94LA102](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI94LA102.md): Piper PA-28-140 · Hutchinson, MN · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Mar 9, 1994 · N6625W · Substantial damage
  > the pilot's failure to maintain directional control. Factors associated with the accident were the crosswind, the pilot's lack of total experience, the concrete block and the dirt back.
- [NTSB SEA94LA077](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/SEA94LA077.md): Cessna 172 · Evanston, WY · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Mar 8, 1994 · N19678 · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's inadequate compensation for wind conditions. Factors include gusty crosswind, and the pilot's lack of total experience.
- [NTSB SEA94LA076](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/SEA94LA076.md): Tucker Kitfox IV · Vancouver, WA · Accident · Minor injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Mar 8, 1994 · N1942J · Substantial damage
  > Aileron flight controls that were jammed by the pilot's seat slipping from its mount. Factors include inadequate seat installation by the manufacturer.
- [NTSB MIA94LA088](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/MIA94LA088.md): Cessna 150M · Vero Beach, FL · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Mar 8, 1994 · N714MJ · Substantial damage
  > The failure of the student pilot to properly recover from a bounced landing.
- [NTSB MIA94LA087](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/MIA94LA087.md): Cessna 152 · Panama City, FL · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Mar 7, 1994 · N48239 · Substantial damage
  > The improper recovery from a bounced landing by the pilot-in- command.
- [NTSB SEA94LA075](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/SEA94LA075.md): Cessna 175A · Stanley, ID · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Mar 6, 1994 · N6995E · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's failure to maintain the proper descent rate. Factors include downdrafts on final approach.
- [NTSB SEA94LA074](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/SEA94LA074.md): Beech 58P · Billings, MT · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Mar 6, 1994 · N717HL · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's inadvertent retraction of the landing gear while on the runway.
- [NTSB NYC94LA055](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/NYC94LA055.md): Piper PA-24-250 · South Bethlehem, NY · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Mar 5, 1994 · N7139P · Substantial damage
  > The failure of the pilot to maintain proper alignment with the runway and the inadequate snow removal.
- [NTSB MIA94LA083](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/MIA94LA083.md): Harper, Jack M. Mustang II · Lake City, FL · Accident · Minor injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Mar 5, 1994 · N20768 · Substantial damage
  > The failure of the bolts which secure the right main landing gear wheel assembly to the strut assembly.
- [NTSB CHI94LA133](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI94LA133.md): Bell 47-62 · Aurora, MO · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Mar 5, 1994 · N6711D · Substantial damage
  > The dual students inadequate flare and the pilot in command's (flight instructor) delayed remedial action.

Next page: https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-phases/550/cases.md?page=324

## The whole list in SQL

Runs in DuckDB 1.2 or later on the release's Parquet files over HTTPS:

```sql
WITH phase_names(main, name) AS (VALUES (100, 'Prior to flight'), (150, 'Standing'), (200, 'Pushback/towing'), (250, 'Taxi'), (300, 'Takeoff'), (350, 'Initial climb'), (400, 'Enroute'), (450, 'Maneuvering'), (500, 'Approach'), (550, 'Landing'), (600, 'Emergency descent'), (650, 'Uncontrolled descent'), (700, 'Post-impact'), (750, 'After landing'), (800, 'Other'), (990, 'Unknown')),
  crosswalk(code, main, name) AS (VALUES (500, 150, 'Standing'), (501, 150, 'Standing - pre-flight'), (502, 150, 'Standing - starting engine(s)'), (503, 150, 'Standing - engine(s) operating'), (504, 150, 'Standing - engine(s) not operating'), (505, 150, 'Standing - idling rotors'), (510, 250, 'Taxi'), (511, 200, 'Taxi - pushback/tow'), (512, 250, 'Taxi - to takeoff'), (513, 250, 'Taxi - from landing'), (514, 250, 'Taxi - aerial'), (520, 300, 'Takeoff'), (521, 300, 'Takeoff - roll/run'), (522, 350, 'Takeoff - initial climb'), (523, 300, 'Takeoff - aborted'), (530, 400, 'Climb'), (531, 400, 'Climb - to cruise'), (540, 400, 'Cruise'), (541, 400, 'Cruise - normal'), (542, 400, 'Maneuvering - holding (IFR)'), (550, 400, 'Descent'), (551, 400, 'Descent - normal'), (552, 600, 'Descent - emergency'), (553, 650, 'Descent - uncontrolled'), (560, 500, 'Approach'), (561, 500, 'Approach - VFR pattern - downwind'), (562, 500, 'Approach - VFR pattern - base turn'), (563, 500, 'Approach - VFR pattern - base leg/base to final'), (564, 500, 'Approach - VFR pattern - final approach'), (565, 500, 'Go-around (VFR)'), (566, 500, 'Approach - IAF to FAF/outer marker (IFR)'), (567, 500, 'Approach - FAF/outer marker to threshold (IFR)'), (568, 500, 'Circling (IFR)'), (569, 500, 'Missed approach (IFR)'), (570, 550, 'Landing'), (571, 550, 'Landing - flare/touchdown'), (572, 550, 'Landing - roll'), (573, 550, 'Landing - aborted'), (574, 550, 'Emergency landing'), (575, 550, 'Emergency landing after takeoff'), (576, 600, 'Emergency descent/landing'), (580, 450, 'Maneuvering'), (581, 450, 'Maneuvering - aerial application'), (582, 450, 'Maneuvering - turn to reverse direction'), (583, 450, 'Maneuvering - turn to landing area (emergency)'), (590, 450, 'Hover'), (591, 450, 'Hover - in ground effect'), (592, 450, 'Hover - out of ground effect'), (600, 800, 'Other'), (610, 990, 'Unknown')),
  current_codes AS (
    SELECT e.case_mkey, TRY_CAST(e."tier1Number" AS INTEGER) AS code,
      row_number() OVER (PARTITION BY e.case_mkey ORDER BY coalesce(e."isDefiningEvent", false) DESC, e.position) AS n
    FROM 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_events.parquet' e
    WHERE e.aircrafts_position = 1 AND e."tier1Number" GLOB '[1-9][0-9]*'
      AND (e."isDefiningEvent" OR e.case_mkey IN (SELECT "mKey" FROM 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_case_detail.parquet' WHERE "isPre1982"))
  ),
  phases AS (
    SELECT case_mkey, 'current' AS scheme, code, CASE WHEN code >= 990 THEN 990 ELSE code // 50 * 50 END AS main
    FROM current_codes WHERE n = 1
    UNION ALL
    SELECT o.case_mkey, 'older', o."phaseOfFlightCode", w.main
    FROM 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_occurrences.parquet' o JOIN crosswalk w ON w.code = o."phaseOfFlightCode"
    WHERE o.aircrafts_position = 1 AND o."occurrenceNumber" = 1 AND o.case_mkey NOT IN (SELECT case_mkey FROM current_codes)
  ),
  case_phases AS (
    SELECT p.*, c."eventDate", c."highestInjuryLevel" = 'Fatal' AS fatal, a.aircraft_model_code
    FROM phases p JOIN 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_case_detail.parquet' c ON c."mKey" = p.case_mkey
    LEFT JOIN 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_aircrafts.parquet' a ON a.case_mkey = p.case_mkey AND a.position = 1
    WHERE c."eventDate" >= DATE '1962-01-01' AND p.main IN (SELECT main FROM phase_names)
  )
SELECT c."ntsbNumber", c."eventDate", c."eventType", c."eventCity", c."eventStateOrRegion", a.n_number, a."aircraftMake", a."aircraftModel", c."highestInjuryLevel", c."totalFatal", c."completionStatus", c.report_url
FROM 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_case_detail.parquet' c LEFT JOIN 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_aircrafts.parquet' a ON a.case_mkey = c."mKey" AND a.position = 1
WHERE c."mKey" IN (SELECT case_mkey FROM case_phases WHERE main = 550)
ORDER BY c."eventDate" DESC, c."ntsbNumber" DESC
```

This list as a web page: https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-phases/550/cases?page=323

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