# NTSB investigations: Landing

NTSB aviation accident and incident investigations since 1962: the probable cause, findings, aircraft, crew, weather and docket of each, linked to the FAA registry and the FAA’s own reports.

Page 324 of 1,075 · 53,703 cases

## Cases, newest first

- [NTSB MIA94LA082](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/MIA94LA082.md): Cessna 190 · Fort Lauderdale, FL · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Mar 4, 1994 · N190RC · Substantial damage
  > Locking of the right main landing gear brake for undetermined reasons.
- [NTSB LAX94LA154](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX94LA154.md): Cessna 172N · Prescott, AZ · Accident · Serious injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Mar 4, 1994 · N487ER · Substantial damage
  > The student pilot's delayed flare and failure to maintain directional control of the aircraft, and the flight instructor's inadequate supervision of the flight.
- [NTSB LAX94LA151](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX94LA151.md): Bellanca 7ECA · Concord, CA · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Mar 4, 1994 · N5038M · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's failure to maintain directional control during a touch-and-go landing. A factor in the accident was the pilot's limited expereince in tailwheel aircraft.
- [NTSB LAX94LA150](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX94LA150.md): Robinson R22B · Long Beach, CA · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Mar 4, 1994 · N2327C · Substantial damage
  > the student pilot's improper use of the collective and tail rotor controls, and the flight instructor's inadequate supervision of the flight.
- [NTSB SEA94LA070](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/SEA94LA070.md): Cessna 172 · Casper, WY · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Mar 2, 1994 · N733WS · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's failure to maintain proper alignment with the runway. The crosswind was of factor.
- [NTSB LAX94LA146](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX94LA146.md): Hughes 269C · Merced, CA · Accident · Minor injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Mar 2, 1994 · N9593F · Substantial damage
  > the pilot's misjudgement of the descent rate and his delayed throttle application.
- [NTSB SEA94LA068](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/SEA94LA068.md): Cessna 172 · Gillette, WY · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Feb 27, 1994 · N21840 · Substantial damage
  > Was the pilot's inadequate remedial action. Factors include an inadvertent porpoise, and a lack of total experience.
- [NTSB LAX94LA140](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX94LA140.md): Cessna 150 · Chandler, AZ · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Feb 27, 1994 · N10669 · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's intentional swerve to avoid a large bird that flew toward the airplane during the landing roll.
- [NTSB LAX94LA139](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX94LA139.md): Bell 206B · Agua Dulce, CA · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Feb 27, 1994 · N50PE · Substantial damage
  > The cfi's selection of unsuitable terrain to demonstrate a simulated autorotation. The soft terrain was a factor in this accident.
- [NTSB CHI94LA099](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI94LA099.md): Cessna 172RG · Frankfort, MI · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Feb 27, 1994 · N4871V · Substantial damage
  > The failure of the pilot-in-command to maintain directional control. The snow covered runway was a factor.
- [NTSB ANC94LA035](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ANC94LA035.md): Cessna 402 · Kivalina, AK · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Feb 27, 1994 · N681RC · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's inadequate compensation for the wind conditions by landing on the left side of the runway. Factors were: inadequate snow removal and the snow covered runway.
- [NTSB FTW94LA087](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/FTW94LA087.md): Grumman G-164 · Almyra, AR · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Feb 26, 1994 · N730Y · Substantial damage
  > The partial failure of the brake master cylinder assembly for undetermined reasons. A factor was the soft terrain adjacent to the runway.
- [NTSB CHI94LA094](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI94LA094.md): Cessna 172 · Concordia, KS · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Feb 26, 1994 · N7924G · Substantial damage
  > the flight instructor's inadequate remedial action when the student pilot failed to maintain adequate directional control of the airplane during the landing roll. A related factor is the drifted snow.
- [NTSB LAX94LA137](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX94LA137.md): Waco YMF-5 · Carlsbad, CA · Accident · Minor injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Feb 24, 1994 · N50YM · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's failure to follow the correct procedures when he released the parking brake. The inadvertently engaged parking brake and the outdated flight manual were factors in this accident.
- [NTSB BFO94LA050](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/BFO94LA050.md): Beech 400 · Cleveland, OH · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Feb 24, 1994 · N8279G · Substantial damage
  > The pilots failure to use the proper radio frequency to activate the airport runway lights, and the pilot's improper decision to continue his approach and land without the runway lights being on.
- [NTSB FTW94LA085](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/FTW94LA085.md): Cessna 152 · Eagle Lake, TX · Accident · Minor injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Feb 23, 1994 · N48819 · Destroyed
  > The pilot's failure to maintain directional control of the airplane during the landing roll.
- [NTSB BFO94LA047](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/BFO94LA047.md): Cessna 172M · Slatington, PA · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Feb 22, 1994 · N5272R · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's inadequate compensation for wind conditions and failure to maintain alignment with the runway. The crosswind was a factor.
- [NTSB LAX94LA131](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX94LA131.md): Piper J5A-L4F · Kernville, CA · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Feb 21, 1994 · N33029 · Substantial damage
  > the pilot's improper use of the flight controls resulting in his failure to maintain directional control. The existing crosswind is a factor in this accident.
- [NTSB LAX94LA129](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX94LA129.md): Piper PA-31-350 · Phoenix, AZ · Accident · Serious injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Feb 21, 1994 · N4109D · Minor damage
  > The loose main fuel line 'b' nut due to the improper installation of the right engine by company maintenance personnel.
- [NTSB BFO94LA045](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/BFO94LA045.md): Piper PA-31T · Norwood, MA · Accident · Minor injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Feb 21, 1994 · N777JM · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's failure to attain alignment with the centerline of the runway, and his failure to execute a missed approach. Factors which contributed to the accident were: the dark night, the pilot's improper decision to initiate the approach in below-minimum…
- [NTSB LAX94LA127](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX94LA127.md): Piper PA-23-250 · Las Vegas, NV · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Feb 19, 1994 · N303AT · Substantial damage
  > The cfi's improper remedial action by failing to go-around instead of landing, the cfi's excessive touchdown speed, and his failure to obtain the proper touchdown point. The dual student's initial excessive airspeed and the ditch were factors in this accident.
- [NTSB CHI94LA092](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI94LA092.md): Cessna 170B · Waupaca, WI · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Feb 19, 1994 · N4685C · Substantial damage
  > The failure of the pilot to maintain directional control. A factor related to the accident was the gusty crosswind.
- [NTSB MIA94LA076](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/MIA94LA076.md): Piper PA-34-200 · Gulf Of Mexico · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Feb 17, 1994 · N1247T · Destroyed
  > The pilot's physiological condition (failure to remain awake) resulting in extended flight over water followed by fuel exhaustion, total loss of engine power, and ditching before returning to land.
- [NTSB MIA94LA074](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/MIA94LA074.md): Cessna 172K · Culebra, PR · Accident · Serious injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Feb 16, 1994 · N79401 · Substantial damage
  > The failure of the pilot-in-command(CFI) to initiate a go-around after encountering severe turbulence during landing flare and his decision to raise the flaps and reduce engine power to idle after directional control was lost resulting in the aircraft…
- [NTSB LAX94LA126](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX94LA126.md): Bell 206L-1 · Barstow, CA · Accident · Serious injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Feb 15, 1994 · N1077N · Destroyed
  > the pilot's misjudgment of the landing flare altitude during a night autorotation while preoccupied with maintaining proper main rotor rpm. A factor in the accident was the pilot's visual perception which was affected by the outside ambient lighting…
- [NTSB CHI94LA088](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI94LA088.md): Piper PA-28R-200 · Sandwich, IL · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Feb 14, 1994 · N76SA · Substantial damage
  > the private pilot's failure to maintain directional control of the airplane while landing on a snow and ice covered runway. Factors are the snow on the runway and the snowbank.
- [NTSB CHI94LA087](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI94LA087.md): Piper PA-44-180 · Grand Forks, ND · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Feb 13, 1994 · N190ND · Substantial damage
  > the improper maintenance installation (cotter pin) by other maintenance personnel. Factors were main landing gear scissors not safetied properly and extension of landing gear not possible by pilot-in-command (CFI).
- [NTSB LAX94LA123](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX94LA123.md): Cessna 172K · New Cuyama, CA · Accident · Minor injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Feb 12, 1994 · N7333G · Substantial damage
  > the pilot's inadequate compensation for the existing wind conditions and his failure to maintain directional control of the aircraft.
- [NTSB LAX94LA120](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX94LA120.md): Cessna A185F · Valley Springs, CA · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Feb 10, 1994 · N4833C · Substantial damage
  > the pilot's failure to ensure that the landing gear was in the correct configuration for a water landing.
- [NTSB CHI94IA081](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI94IA081.md): Boeing 737-130 · Chicago, IL · Incident · No injuries · Incident investigation · Final report · Feb 10, 1994 · N408PE · Minor damage
  > An inadequate procedure for handling of wheel chocks by company maintenance and operations personnel. Factors associated with this accident were an inadequate inspection of the airplane by company maintenance personnel, and an inadequate pre-flight inspection…
- [NTSB ANC94LA033](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ANC94LA033.md): Cessna 180A · Anchorage, AK · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Feb 10, 1994 · N288LS · Substantial damage
  > The failure of the pilot-in-command to maintain directional control of the airplane during the landing rollout. Contributing to the accident was the pilot's lack of recent experience in the airplane.
- [NTSB SEA94LA058](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/SEA94LA058.md): Cessna 402C · Billings, MT · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Feb 7, 1994 · N2718Y · Substantial damage
  > The nose gear actuator froze. A factor to the accident was temperature extremes.
- [NTSB LAX94LA135](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX94LA135.md): Cessna 340A · Dunsmuir, CA · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Feb 7, 1994 · N1362C · Substantial damage
  > The mechanics improper maintenance of the airplane's left brake system by failing to service its hydraulic reservoir. The lack of hydraulic fluid in the left brake reservoir which precipitated the left brake failure is a factor in this accident.
- [NTSB CHI94LA083](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI94LA083.md): Cessna 152 · Sebewaing, MI · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Feb 7, 1994 · N94269 · Substantial damage
  > was the pilot-in-command's failure to maintain directional control. Factors were the icy runway and a snowbank.
- [NTSB CHI94LA077](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI94LA077.md): Piper PA-28-160 · Wichita, KS · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Feb 6, 1994 · N8119W · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's failure to attain the proper touchdown point and delay in aborting the landing. The pilot's inadequate training was a factor.
- [NTSB LAX94LA113](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX94LA113.md): Cessna 175 · Oakdale, CA · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Feb 5, 1994 · N7597M · 2 aircraft · Substantial damage
  > the pilot's failure to maintain an adequate visual lookout, and his failure to adequately communicate his postion and intentions on the Common Traffic Advisory Frequency. A factor in the accident was the pilot's misidentification of the Cessna aircraft he was…
- [NTSB CHI94LA078](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI94LA078.md): Piper PA-28R-201T · Delavan, WI · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Feb 5, 1994 · N38203 · Substantial damage
  > the pilot-in-command's not maintaining directional control and his inadequate compensation for wind conditions. Factors were icy runway and crosswind.
- [NTSB FTW94LA078](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/FTW94LA078.md): Cessna 182P · Meeker, CO · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Feb 1, 1994 · N111RR · Substantial damage
  > Failure by the pilot to maintain directional control of the aircraft during landing roll.
- [NTSB LAX94LA110](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX94LA110.md): Cessna 140 · Palo Alto, CA · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jan 31, 1994 · N2396V · Substantial damage
  > The cfi's inproper supervision of the flight, the dual student's improper recovery from a bounced landing, and the dual student's improper use of the brakes. The cfi's lack of total instructional experience is a factor in this accident.
- [NTSB LAX94LA108](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX94LA108.md): Piper PA-28-235 · Lovelock, NV · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jan 29, 1994 · N8760W · Substantial damage
  > That the pilot's failure to maintain adequate airspeed while on final approach which resulted in an inadvertent stall during the flare.
- [NTSB BFO94LA036](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/BFO94LA036.md): Piper PA-28-161 · Newburyport, MA · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jan 29, 1994 · N2496X · Substantial damage
  > The pilot not maintaining clearance from the snowbank during final approach. A factor in this accident was the proximity of the snowbank to the active runway.
- [NTSB LAX94LA107](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX94LA107.md): Piper PA-32-301 · Truckee, CA · Accident · Minor injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jan 28, 1994 · N82009 · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's failure to maintain directional control, delay in his remedial action, and failure to raise the flaps. The snow covered runway was a factor in this accident.
- [NTSB ATL94LA044](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ATL94LA044.md): Cessna 310A · Dyersburg, TN · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jan 26, 1994 · N5333A · Substantial damage
  > The failure of the pilot to attain a proper touchdown point, which resulted in a long landing and an overrun of the runway. Factors were the weather conditions (sky obscuration, low ceiling, fog and drizzle) at the time of the accident, and the wet runway…
- [NTSB BFO94LA030](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/BFO94LA030.md): Piper PA-28 · Bennington, VT · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jan 23, 1994 · N8211V · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's selection of unsuitable terrain for landing.
- [NTSB SEA94LA056](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/SEA94LA056.md): Taylorcraft BC12-D · Sidney, MT · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jan 22, 1994 · N95900 · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's inadequate compensation for the crosswind resulting in loss of directional control.
- [NTSB BFO94LA029](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/BFO94LA029.md): Cessna 152 · Plymouth, MA · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jan 22, 1994 · N94963 · Substantial damage
  > the pilot's failure to maintain directional control during the flare/touchdown.
- [NTSB BFO94LA028](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/BFO94LA028.md): Mitsubishi MU-3 · Teterboro, NJ · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jan 20, 1994 · N306P · Substantial damage
  > The pilot selected unsuitable terrain for landing. The runway conditions were factors.
- [NTSB SEA94LA050](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/SEA94LA050.md): Taylorcraft BC12-D · Burns, OR · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jan 17, 1994 · N95169 · Substantial damage
  > The student pilot in command's application of excessive braking during the landing roll.
- [NTSB LAX94LA097](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX94LA097.md): Clunis Long EZ · Camarillo, CA · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jan 17, 1994 · N345KJ · Substantial damage
  > the pilot's improper use of the brake system which resulted in a failure of the right brake due to excessive heat glazing.
- [NTSB ATL94LA040](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ATL94LA040.md): Cessna 152 · Pelion, SC · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jan 16, 1994 · N69046 · Substantial damage
  > Inadequate supervision by the instructor and inadequate compensation for wind conditions by the student pilot. The unfavorable wind condition for supervised solo landing training was a factor.

Next page: https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-phases/550/cases.md?page=325

## The whole list in SQL

Runs in DuckDB 1.2 or later on the release's Parquet files over HTTPS:

```sql
WITH phase_names(main, name) AS (VALUES (100, 'Prior to flight'), (150, 'Standing'), (200, 'Pushback/towing'), (250, 'Taxi'), (300, 'Takeoff'), (350, 'Initial climb'), (400, 'Enroute'), (450, 'Maneuvering'), (500, 'Approach'), (550, 'Landing'), (600, 'Emergency descent'), (650, 'Uncontrolled descent'), (700, 'Post-impact'), (750, 'After landing'), (800, 'Other'), (990, 'Unknown')),
  crosswalk(code, main, name) AS (VALUES (500, 150, 'Standing'), (501, 150, 'Standing - pre-flight'), (502, 150, 'Standing - starting engine(s)'), (503, 150, 'Standing - engine(s) operating'), (504, 150, 'Standing - engine(s) not operating'), (505, 150, 'Standing - idling rotors'), (510, 250, 'Taxi'), (511, 200, 'Taxi - pushback/tow'), (512, 250, 'Taxi - to takeoff'), (513, 250, 'Taxi - from landing'), (514, 250, 'Taxi - aerial'), (520, 300, 'Takeoff'), (521, 300, 'Takeoff - roll/run'), (522, 350, 'Takeoff - initial climb'), (523, 300, 'Takeoff - aborted'), (530, 400, 'Climb'), (531, 400, 'Climb - to cruise'), (540, 400, 'Cruise'), (541, 400, 'Cruise - normal'), (542, 400, 'Maneuvering - holding (IFR)'), (550, 400, 'Descent'), (551, 400, 'Descent - normal'), (552, 600, 'Descent - emergency'), (553, 650, 'Descent - uncontrolled'), (560, 500, 'Approach'), (561, 500, 'Approach - VFR pattern - downwind'), (562, 500, 'Approach - VFR pattern - base turn'), (563, 500, 'Approach - VFR pattern - base leg/base to final'), (564, 500, 'Approach - VFR pattern - final approach'), (565, 500, 'Go-around (VFR)'), (566, 500, 'Approach - IAF to FAF/outer marker (IFR)'), (567, 500, 'Approach - FAF/outer marker to threshold (IFR)'), (568, 500, 'Circling (IFR)'), (569, 500, 'Missed approach (IFR)'), (570, 550, 'Landing'), (571, 550, 'Landing - flare/touchdown'), (572, 550, 'Landing - roll'), (573, 550, 'Landing - aborted'), (574, 550, 'Emergency landing'), (575, 550, 'Emergency landing after takeoff'), (576, 600, 'Emergency descent/landing'), (580, 450, 'Maneuvering'), (581, 450, 'Maneuvering - aerial application'), (582, 450, 'Maneuvering - turn to reverse direction'), (583, 450, 'Maneuvering - turn to landing area (emergency)'), (590, 450, 'Hover'), (591, 450, 'Hover - in ground effect'), (592, 450, 'Hover - out of ground effect'), (600, 800, 'Other'), (610, 990, 'Unknown')),
  current_codes AS (
    SELECT e.case_mkey, TRY_CAST(e."tier1Number" AS INTEGER) AS code,
      row_number() OVER (PARTITION BY e.case_mkey ORDER BY coalesce(e."isDefiningEvent", false) DESC, e.position) AS n
    FROM 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_events.parquet' e
    WHERE e.aircrafts_position = 1 AND e."tier1Number" GLOB '[1-9][0-9]*'
      AND (e."isDefiningEvent" OR e.case_mkey IN (SELECT "mKey" FROM 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_case_detail.parquet' WHERE "isPre1982"))
  ),
  phases AS (
    SELECT case_mkey, 'current' AS scheme, code, CASE WHEN code >= 990 THEN 990 ELSE code // 50 * 50 END AS main
    FROM current_codes WHERE n = 1
    UNION ALL
    SELECT o.case_mkey, 'older', o."phaseOfFlightCode", w.main
    FROM 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_occurrences.parquet' o JOIN crosswalk w ON w.code = o."phaseOfFlightCode"
    WHERE o.aircrafts_position = 1 AND o."occurrenceNumber" = 1 AND o.case_mkey NOT IN (SELECT case_mkey FROM current_codes)
  ),
  case_phases AS (
    SELECT p.*, c."eventDate", c."highestInjuryLevel" = 'Fatal' AS fatal, a.aircraft_model_code
    FROM phases p JOIN 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_case_detail.parquet' c ON c."mKey" = p.case_mkey
    LEFT JOIN 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_aircrafts.parquet' a ON a.case_mkey = p.case_mkey AND a.position = 1
    WHERE c."eventDate" >= DATE '1962-01-01' AND p.main IN (SELECT main FROM phase_names)
  )
SELECT c."ntsbNumber", c."eventDate", c."eventType", c."eventCity", c."eventStateOrRegion", a.n_number, a."aircraftMake", a."aircraftModel", c."highestInjuryLevel", c."totalFatal", c."completionStatus", c.report_url
FROM 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_case_detail.parquet' c LEFT JOIN 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_aircrafts.parquet' a ON a.case_mkey = c."mKey" AND a.position = 1
WHERE c."mKey" IN (SELECT case_mkey FROM case_phases WHERE main = 550)
ORDER BY c."eventDate" DESC, c."ntsbNumber" DESC
```

This list as a web page: https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-phases/550/cases?page=324

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