# NTSB investigations: Landing

NTSB aviation accident and incident investigations since 1962: the probable cause, findings, aircraft, crew, weather and docket of each, linked to the FAA registry and the FAA’s own reports.

Page 325 of 1,075 · 53,703 cases

## Cases, newest first

- [NTSB SEA94LA049](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/SEA94LA049.md): Grumman American AA1B · Lacey, WA · Accident · Minor injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jan 15, 1994 · N1416R · Destroyed
  > The pilot in command's failure to attain the proper touchdown point. Factors contributing to the accident were tailwinds and wet terrain.
- [NTSB CHI94LA063](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI94LA063.md): Cessna 152 · Casselton, ND · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jan 13, 1994 · N5329B · Substantial damage
  > the student's failure to attain proper runway alignment and to maintain directional control. A factor related to the accident was the snow covered runway.
- [NTSB MIA94LA049](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/MIA94LA049.md): Robinson R-22 · Dorado, PR · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jan 12, 1994 · N8044Y · Substantial damage
  > The flight instructor's inadequate supervision of the student and failing to follow the procedures in the flight training guide.
- [NTSB SEA94LA048](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/SEA94LA048.md): Piper PA-18-150 · Missoula, MT · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jan 11, 1994 · N82166 · Substantial damage
  > The pilot/passenger's failure to maintain directional control and the pilot in command's failure to properly supervise the landing.
- [NTSB NYC94LA047](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/NYC94LA047.md): Aeronca 65-TL · Findley Lake, NY · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jan 10, 1994 · N29404 · Substantial damage
  > the failure of a weld at the base of the landing gear which resulted in the failure of the left snow-ski assembly.
- [NTSB FTW94LA066](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/FTW94LA066.md): Cessna 195 · Watkins, CO · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jan 10, 1994 · N9355A · Substantial damage
  > The loss of directional control by the pilot rated passenger. A factor was inadequate supervision by the pilot in command.
- [NTSB LAX94LA111](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX94LA111.md): Britten-Norman BN2A-8 Islander · Santa Rosa Isl, CA · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jan 8, 1994 · N55JA · Substantial damage
  > A failure of the pilot-in-command to maintain a proper glide path to the runway and his misjudgement of the touchdown point that resulted in an undershoot and subsequent hard landing.
- [NTSB NYC94LA046](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/NYC94LA046.md): Swearingen SA-226T · Richmond Height, OH · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jan 4, 1994 · N999MM · Destroyed
  > The pilot's loss of directional control during landing, resulting in a departure from the runway and the subsequent encounter with soft terrain and collapse of the nose gear. A factor related to the accident was the icy runway conditions.
- [NTSB FTW94LA062](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/FTW94LA062.md): Cessna 140 · Espanola, NM · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jan 2, 1994 · N89036 · Substantial damage
  > Was the dual student pilot's failure to maintain directional control. A factor was the certificated flight instructor's inadequate supervision.
- [NTSB LAX94LA088](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX94LA088.md): Grumman AA1B-TR2 · Riverside, CA · Accident · Minor injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Dec 31, 1993 · N1413R · Destroyed
  > The pilot's improper recovery from a bounced landing. A factor related to the accident was: the pilot's improper flare for landing.
- [NTSB MIA94LA041](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/MIA94LA041.md): Piper PA-32-300 · Atlanta, GA · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Dec 25, 1993 · N2872D · Substantial damage
  > Failure of the pilot-in-command to apply power after the airspeed decrease just before touchdown and also failure to recover from the bounced landing. Contributing to the accident was the in-flight encounter with wind gusts while on approach to land.
- [NTSB CHI94LA065](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI94LA065.md): Cessna 210M · Festus, MO · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Dec 19, 1993 · N761AG · Substantial damage
  > Improper planning/decision by the pilot. Factors related to the accident were: the icy runway, crosswind and snowbank.
- [NTSB CHI94LA053](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI94LA053.md): Cessna 172 · Kimball, NE · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Dec 18, 1993 · N4930G · Substantial damage
  > the pilot's failure to maintain directional control during the landing roll. A factor related to the accident was the pilot's lack of total flight experience.
- [NTSB MIA94LA039](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/MIA94LA039.md): Grumman G-44A · Leesburg, FL · Accident · Minor injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Dec 17, 1993 · N58DG · Substantial damage
  > The pilot misjudged his altitude over glassy water during landing and inadvertently touched down in a flat attitude.
- [NTSB ANC94LA026](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ANC94LA026.md): Piper PA-32 · Port Lions, AK · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Dec 12, 1993 · N43527 · Substantial damage
  > Improper inflight planning and decision-making by the pilot in command. Factors contributing to the accident were the icy runway condition and the tailwind.
- [NTSB LAX94LA070](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX94LA070.md): Bellanca 7ECA · Santa Paula, CA · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Dec 9, 1993 · N57404 · Substantial damage
  > A failure of the pilot to maintain directional control of the tailwheel airplane following touchdown. The pilot's lack of total experience in the type of airplane was a factor in the accident.
- [NTSB ANC94LA024](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ANC94LA024.md): Aeronca 7AC · Juneau, AK · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Dec 8, 1993 · N82594 · Substantial damage
  > The pilot in command's selection of a sight unsuitable for landing. A factor in the accident was the ditch on the beach.
- [NTSB NYC94IA035](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/NYC94IA035.md): Airbus Industrie A-300 · Newark, NJ · Incident · No injuries · Incident investigation · Final report · Dec 7, 1993 · N16982 · Minor damage
  > The separation of the right outboard translating cowl on the #2 engine thrust reverser as a result of inadequate bonding material.
- [NTSB LAX94LA068](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX94LA068.md): Cessna 177RG · Santa Monica, CA · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Dec 7, 1993 · N52039 · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's failure to attain the proper touchdown point and improper recovery from a bounced landing.
- [NTSB FTW94LA045](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/FTW94LA045.md): Piper PA-38-112 · Denton, TX · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Dec 5, 1993 · N2360A · Substantial damage
  > The cause was the pilot's failure to compensate for existing wind conditions. A factor was the turbulent weather.
- [NTSB CHI94LA042](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI94LA042.md): Balloon Works Firefly 7-15 · Pratt, KS · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Dec 5, 1993 · N9079M · Substantial damage
  > The pilot-in-command's failure to maintain clearance from obstacles. Factors contributing to the accident are the pilot's misjudged fuel consumption calculations and the weather (high winds).
- [NTSB NYC94LA031](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/NYC94LA031.md): Cessna 152 · Millbrook, NY · Accident · Minor injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Dec 4, 1993 · N5325P · Substantial damage
  > The student pilot's failure to maintain direction control which resulted in an inflight collision with trees. Factors were the student pilot's improper recovery from a bounced landing and his inexperience.
- [NTSB MIA94LA035](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/MIA94LA035.md): Piper PA-28-140 · Hastings, FL · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Dec 4, 1993 · N43113 · Substantial damage
  > The delayed reaction of the pilot-in-command to compensate for unexpected weather conditions, resulting in damage to the landing gear.
- [NTSB LAX94LA067](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX94LA067.md): Cessna 182Q · Grand Canyon, AZ · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Dec 2, 1993 · N94596 · Substantial damage
  > the pilot's use of an excessive approach airspeed and an improper bounced landing recovery technique.
- [NTSB MIA94LA038](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/MIA94LA038.md): Cessna 650 · Tampa, FL · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Dec 1, 1993 · N700RR · Substantial damage
  > The pic's improper decision to taxi the airplane off the taxiway. Contributing to the accident was the improper wiring of the anti-skid system.
- [NTSB FTW94LA040](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/FTW94LA040.md): Cessna A185F · Maybell, CO · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Nov 30, 1993 · N6613N · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's failure to ascertain the condition of the landing area. The snow covered condition of the runway was a factor.
- [NTSB ATL94FA024](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ATL94FA024.md): Piper PA-28-180 · Mount Airy, NC · Accident · 1 fatal · Field investigation · Final report · Nov 28, 1993 · N7950W · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's improper decision to land downwind, failure to control the aircraft on the ground, and his decision to abort the landing after loss of control and damage to the aircraft on the ground. A factor in the accident was the gusty tail wind at the time…
- [NTSB FTW94LA037](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/FTW94LA037.md): Cessna 172N · Albuquerque, NM · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Nov 27, 1993 · N4759G · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's improper flare.
- [NTSB BFO94LA020](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/BFO94LA020.md): Robinson R-22 · Rockland, ME · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Nov 27, 1993 · N8380J · Substantial damage
  > 1) The pilot's failure to maintain adequate rotor RPM, 2) the pilot's failure to maintain directional control on landing, resulting in a dynamic rollover.
- [NTSB LAX94LA052](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX94LA052.md): Cessna 152 · Compton, CA · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Nov 19, 1993 · N5312L · Substantial damage
  > were the noncertificated student pilot's misjudged flare altitude, improper recovery from a bounced landing, and improper use of the left brake. The student pilot's lack of total experience and panic were factors in this accident.
- [NTSB SEA94LA033](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/SEA94LA033.md): Cessna C-172N · Idaho Falls, ID · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Nov 17, 1993 · N4713D · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's failure to attain the proper touchdown point. Factors include tailwind conditions and an airport perimeter fence.
- [NTSB SEA94LA042](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/SEA94LA042.md): Bell 47G3B1 · Mesa, WA · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Nov 15, 1993 · N1181W · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's improper flare. Factors include excessive airspeed while approaching the flare.
- [NTSB BFO94LA011](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/BFO94LA011.md): Schweizer 269C · Elmira, NY · Accident · Minor injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Nov 15, 1993 · N41S · Substantial damage
  > A loss of engine power at a critical point on a practice autorotation, and failure of the pilot to attain a flare for the landing. Factors related to the accident were: the adverse wind and downdraft.
- [NTSB SEA94LA032](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/SEA94LA032.md): Cessna 152 · Seattle, WA · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Nov 14, 1993 · N5366M · Substantial damage
  > The student pilot failed to flare. His diverted attention was a factor.
- [NTSB MIA94LA022](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/MIA94LA022.md): Scott LONG-EZ · Hernando, FL · Accident · Minor injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Nov 13, 1993 · N83TS · Substantial damage
  > The failure of the nose gear down relay on the landing gear retraction/extension assembly for undetermined reasons, resulting in the collapse of the nose wheel on landing, and subsequent nose over.
- [NTSB LAX94LA044](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX94LA044.md): Cessna 150 · Las Vegas, NV · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Nov 13, 1993 · N9231U · Substantial damage
  > the student pilot's failure to execute a go-around, premature flare, and improper use of the flight controls. Factors related to this accident are the student pilot's lack of total experience and diverted attention.
- [NTSB BFO94LA007](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/BFO94LA007.md): Piper PA-28-151 · Greentown, PA · Accident · Serious injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Nov 13, 1993 · N7667F · Destroyed
  > The pilot's selection of the wrong runway, and his delay in attempting a go-around which resulted in an inflight collision with the trees. A related factor was the unfavorable wind.
- [NTSB ATL94LA016](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ATL94LA016.md): Cessna 310C · Charleston, SC · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Nov 13, 1993 · N1738H · Substantial damage
  > The failure of the right main landing gear to extend for undetermined reasons.
- [NTSB FTW94IA032](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/FTW94IA032.md): Fairchild SA227-AC · Sugar Land, TX · Incident · No injuries · Incident investigation · Final report · Nov 11, 1993 · N688NE · Minor damage
  > The partial failure of the hydraulic pump (power pack).
- [NTSB CHI94LA035](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI94LA035.md): Cessna 150G · Neosho, MO · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Nov 9, 1993 · N2263J · Substantial damage
  > The pilot-in-command's failure to maintain directional control during landing rollout.
- [NTSB SEA94LA027](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/SEA94LA027.md): Springer Christina Minicoupe · Spokane, WA · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Nov 7, 1993 · N71GS · Substantial damage
  > The pilot in command's failure to maintain a proper descent rate.
- [NTSB LAX94LA039](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX94LA039.md): Boeing PT-13D · Half Moon Bay, CA · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Nov 6, 1993 · N14FR · 2 aircraft · Substantial damage
  > Improper planning/decision by the pilot of the second stearman, and his selection of the wrong runway on which to land. A factor related to the accident was: failure of the stearman pilots to obtain pertinent NOTAM information.
- [NTSB FTW94LA024](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/FTW94LA024.md): Bellanca BL17-31ATC · Pagosa Springs, CO · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Nov 3, 1993 · N9516E · Substantial damage
  > Failure by the pilot in command to maintain control of the aircraft during landing roll.
- [NTSB CHI94LA030](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI94LA030.md): Waco YMF-5 · Valparaiso, IN · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Nov 2, 1993 · N369DP · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's inadequate compensation for wind conditions while landing in a gusty crosswind. Factors associated with the accident are the gusty crosswind and the pilot's lack of experience in this type airplane.
- [NTSB ANC94LA015](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ANC94LA015.md): Aeronca 7DC · Goose Bay, AK · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Nov 2, 1993 · N2532E · Substantial damage
  > The pilot-in-command did not maintain directional control of the airplane. A factor in the accident were the trees adjacent to the side of the runway.
- [NTSB LAX94LA035](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX94LA035.md): Cessna 182P · Redding, CA · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Oct 31, 1993 · N1085M · Substantial damage
  > the pilot's use of an excessive airspeed on final approach, the failure to attain the proper touchdown point on the runway, and, the failure to initiate a go around when it became clear that the aircraft would excessively overshoot the intended touchdown…
- [NTSB SEA94LA028](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/SEA94LA028.md): Cessna 320C · Spirit Lake, ID · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Oct 30, 1993 · N3057T · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's failure to maintain airspeed. The pilot's failure to maintain directional control was a factor.
- [NTSB LAX94LA031](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX94LA031.md): Cessna 170B · Prescott, AZ · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Oct 30, 1993 · N2451D · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's loss of directional control due to his improper bounced landing recovery technique and the improper use of the rudder controls. A factor in the accident was the pilot's lack of total experience in conventional landing gear aircraft.
- [NTSB NYC94LA024](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/NYC94LA024.md): Piper J3 · Greenland, NH · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Oct 28, 1993 · N24524 · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's improper landing flare which resulted in a hard landing.
- [NTSB CHI94LA027](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI94LA027.md): Cessna 170B · Maple Plain, MN · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Oct 27, 1993 · N2923D · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's improper compensation for wind conditions, failure to maintain runway alignment, and failure to maintain adequate airspeed during the aborted landing. Factors related to the accident were: high obstructions and the adverse wind conditions.

Next page: https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-phases/550/cases.md?page=326

## The whole list in SQL

Runs in DuckDB 1.2 or later on the release's Parquet files over HTTPS:

```sql
WITH phase_names(main, name) AS (VALUES (100, 'Prior to flight'), (150, 'Standing'), (200, 'Pushback/towing'), (250, 'Taxi'), (300, 'Takeoff'), (350, 'Initial climb'), (400, 'Enroute'), (450, 'Maneuvering'), (500, 'Approach'), (550, 'Landing'), (600, 'Emergency descent'), (650, 'Uncontrolled descent'), (700, 'Post-impact'), (750, 'After landing'), (800, 'Other'), (990, 'Unknown')),
  crosswalk(code, main, name) AS (VALUES (500, 150, 'Standing'), (501, 150, 'Standing - pre-flight'), (502, 150, 'Standing - starting engine(s)'), (503, 150, 'Standing - engine(s) operating'), (504, 150, 'Standing - engine(s) not operating'), (505, 150, 'Standing - idling rotors'), (510, 250, 'Taxi'), (511, 200, 'Taxi - pushback/tow'), (512, 250, 'Taxi - to takeoff'), (513, 250, 'Taxi - from landing'), (514, 250, 'Taxi - aerial'), (520, 300, 'Takeoff'), (521, 300, 'Takeoff - roll/run'), (522, 350, 'Takeoff - initial climb'), (523, 300, 'Takeoff - aborted'), (530, 400, 'Climb'), (531, 400, 'Climb - to cruise'), (540, 400, 'Cruise'), (541, 400, 'Cruise - normal'), (542, 400, 'Maneuvering - holding (IFR)'), (550, 400, 'Descent'), (551, 400, 'Descent - normal'), (552, 600, 'Descent - emergency'), (553, 650, 'Descent - uncontrolled'), (560, 500, 'Approach'), (561, 500, 'Approach - VFR pattern - downwind'), (562, 500, 'Approach - VFR pattern - base turn'), (563, 500, 'Approach - VFR pattern - base leg/base to final'), (564, 500, 'Approach - VFR pattern - final approach'), (565, 500, 'Go-around (VFR)'), (566, 500, 'Approach - IAF to FAF/outer marker (IFR)'), (567, 500, 'Approach - FAF/outer marker to threshold (IFR)'), (568, 500, 'Circling (IFR)'), (569, 500, 'Missed approach (IFR)'), (570, 550, 'Landing'), (571, 550, 'Landing - flare/touchdown'), (572, 550, 'Landing - roll'), (573, 550, 'Landing - aborted'), (574, 550, 'Emergency landing'), (575, 550, 'Emergency landing after takeoff'), (576, 600, 'Emergency descent/landing'), (580, 450, 'Maneuvering'), (581, 450, 'Maneuvering - aerial application'), (582, 450, 'Maneuvering - turn to reverse direction'), (583, 450, 'Maneuvering - turn to landing area (emergency)'), (590, 450, 'Hover'), (591, 450, 'Hover - in ground effect'), (592, 450, 'Hover - out of ground effect'), (600, 800, 'Other'), (610, 990, 'Unknown')),
  current_codes AS (
    SELECT e.case_mkey, TRY_CAST(e."tier1Number" AS INTEGER) AS code,
      row_number() OVER (PARTITION BY e.case_mkey ORDER BY coalesce(e."isDefiningEvent", false) DESC, e.position) AS n
    FROM 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_events.parquet' e
    WHERE e.aircrafts_position = 1 AND e."tier1Number" GLOB '[1-9][0-9]*'
      AND (e."isDefiningEvent" OR e.case_mkey IN (SELECT "mKey" FROM 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_case_detail.parquet' WHERE "isPre1982"))
  ),
  phases AS (
    SELECT case_mkey, 'current' AS scheme, code, CASE WHEN code >= 990 THEN 990 ELSE code // 50 * 50 END AS main
    FROM current_codes WHERE n = 1
    UNION ALL
    SELECT o.case_mkey, 'older', o."phaseOfFlightCode", w.main
    FROM 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_occurrences.parquet' o JOIN crosswalk w ON w.code = o."phaseOfFlightCode"
    WHERE o.aircrafts_position = 1 AND o."occurrenceNumber" = 1 AND o.case_mkey NOT IN (SELECT case_mkey FROM current_codes)
  ),
  case_phases AS (
    SELECT p.*, c."eventDate", c."highestInjuryLevel" = 'Fatal' AS fatal, a.aircraft_model_code
    FROM phases p JOIN 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_case_detail.parquet' c ON c."mKey" = p.case_mkey
    LEFT JOIN 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_aircrafts.parquet' a ON a.case_mkey = p.case_mkey AND a.position = 1
    WHERE c."eventDate" >= DATE '1962-01-01' AND p.main IN (SELECT main FROM phase_names)
  )
SELECT c."ntsbNumber", c."eventDate", c."eventType", c."eventCity", c."eventStateOrRegion", a.n_number, a."aircraftMake", a."aircraftModel", c."highestInjuryLevel", c."totalFatal", c."completionStatus", c.report_url
FROM 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_case_detail.parquet' c LEFT JOIN 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_aircrafts.parquet' a ON a.case_mkey = c."mKey" AND a.position = 1
WHERE c."mKey" IN (SELECT case_mkey FROM case_phases WHERE main = 550)
ORDER BY c."eventDate" DESC, c."ntsbNumber" DESC
```

This list as a web page: https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-phases/550/cases?page=325

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