# NTSB investigations: Landing

NTSB aviation accident and incident investigations since 1962: the probable cause, findings, aircraft, crew, weather and docket of each, linked to the FAA registry and the FAA’s own reports.

Page 326 of 1,075 · 53,703 cases

## Cases, newest first

- [NTSB NYC94LA019](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/NYC94LA019.md): Piper PA-28-180 · Somerset, PA · Accident · Minor injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Oct 26, 1993 · N6566J · Substantial damage
  > was the failure of the pilot to adequately compensate for wind conditions, and maintain directional control. A factor related to the accident were the gusting crosswinds.
- [NTSB LAX94LA029](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX94LA029.md): Beech 76 · Livermore, CA · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Oct 26, 1993 · N6626X · Substantial damage
  > the dual student's improper use of the throttle and the flight instructor's inadequate supervision of the flight.
- [NTSB CHI94LA029](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI94LA029.md): Cessna 182N · Onaga, KS · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Oct 26, 1993 · N92881 · Substantial damage
  > the pilot-in-command's poor pre-flight planning and failure to maintain runway alignment. Factors were the dark light conditions and the lack of runway lights.
- [NTSB FTW94LA017](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/FTW94LA017.md): Cessna 172N · Woodville, TX · Accident · Minor injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Oct 24, 1993 · N317BB · Substantial damage
  > Failure of the pilot in command to maintain control of the aircraft during an aborted landing.
- [NTSB LAX94LA024](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX94LA024.md): Cessna 150K · California City, CA · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Oct 23, 1993 · N6067G · Substantial damage
  > Failure of maintenance personnel to assure that the nose wheel axle was properly secured during previous maintenance.
- [NTSB ATL94LA008](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ATL94LA008.md): Piper PA-28-161 · Lexington, NC · Accident · Minor injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Oct 23, 1993 · N9778C · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's failure to maintain directional control during a crosswind landing. A factor was the crosswind condition.
- [NTSB SEA94LA019](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/SEA94LA019.md): Piper PA-12 · Hamilton, MT · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Oct 22, 1993 · N3568M · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's improper recovery from a bounced landing, and failure to maintain directional control of the airplane. Factors related to the accident were: the pilot's improper flare for landing, the resultant porpoise, and the ditch near the side of the runway.
- [NTSB NYC94LA016](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/NYC94LA016.md): Beech 58 · Millville, NJ · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Oct 22, 1993 · N13AK · Substantial damage
  > the pilot's inadvertent actuation of the landing gear lever during the landing roll, resulting in the retraction of the landing gear on the runway.
- [NTSB NYC94LA015](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/NYC94LA015.md): Cessna 310L · Tewksbury, MA · Accident · Minor injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Oct 22, 1993 · N3328X · Substantial damage
  > was an improperly planned approach, and excessive compensation for the winds by the pilot which resulted in an overrun, and on ground collision with a fence and vehicle. A factor was the gusty crosswinds.
- [NTSB FTW94LA029](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/FTW94LA029.md): Cessna 210 · Monte Vista, CO · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Oct 22, 1993 · N9653T · Substantial damage
  > Failure by the pilot in command to follow procedures and directives to lower the landing gear prior to landing.
- [NTSB FTW94LA018](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/FTW94LA018.md): Cessna 150L · Athens, TX · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Oct 22, 1993 · N17056 · Substantial damage
  > Pilot's failure to maintain directional control due to improper compensation for the wind conditions.
- [NTSB CHI94LA028](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI94LA028.md): Cessna 182 · Belleville, MI · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Oct 21, 1993 · N6353A · Destroyed
  > was wind information not used by the pilot-in-command and a resultant exceeding of the airplane's performance capabilities.
- [NTSB ANC94LA013](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ANC94LA013.md): Piper PA-32-301 · Karluk, AK · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Oct 20, 1993 · N4327P · Substantial damage
  > The selection of unsuitable terrain for landing.
- [NTSB SEA94LA017](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/SEA94LA017.md): Cessna 182R · Tooele, UT · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Oct 15, 1993 · N6503E · Substantial damage
  > Airspeed was not maintained.
- [NTSB FTW94LA011](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/FTW94LA011.md): Cessna 172F · Co. Springs, CO · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Oct 15, 1993 · N5191F · Substantial damage
  > An encounter with wake turbulence during the landing flare. A factor was lack of total pilot experience.
- [NTSB LAX94LA011](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX94LA011.md): Beech C90A · Napa, CA · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Oct 12, 1993 · N487JD · Substantial damage
  > The dual student's improper use of powerplant controls, and inadequate supervision by the flight instructor (CFI).
- [NTSB CHI94LA012](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI94LA012.md): Cessna A188B · Wall, SD · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Oct 12, 1993 · N4788Q · Substantial damage
  > Failure of the pilot to maintain directional control, which resulted in an inadvertent ground swerve. A factor related to the accident was: the pilot's lack of familiarity with the type (make and model) of airplane.
- [NTSB SEA94LA012](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/SEA94LA012.md): Cessna T-337E · Yamhill, OR · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Oct 10, 1993 · N1244M · Substantial damage
  > The pilot failed to attain the proper touchdown point. The tailwind was a factor.
- [NTSB MIA94LA004](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/MIA94LA004.md): Ehlers Lancair 320 · Bay St. Louis, MS · Accident · Serious injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Oct 10, 1993 · N320SE · Destroyed
  > The pilot-in-command's failure to maintain airspeed resulting in an in flight loss of control (stall/spin) and subsequent in flight collision with trees and terrain.
- [NTSB LAX94LA008](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX94LA008.md): Stinson 108 · Mesa, AZ · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Oct 10, 1993 · NC409 · Substantial damage
  > a loose wheel half bolt, due to the inadequate maintenance inspection of the aircraft.
- [NTSB SEA94LA013](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/SEA94LA013.md): Cessna 172N · Renton, WA · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Oct 9, 1993 · N7367E · Substantial damage
  > The student pilot's failure to maintain directional control during landing. The crosswind was a factor.
- [NTSB ANC94LA009](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ANC94LA009.md): Douglas C-54GDC · Point Lay, AK · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Oct 9, 1993 · N811E · Substantial damage
  > The pilot-in-command's failure to perform proper preflight planning by not computing the required landing runway length.
- [NTSB ANC94LA010](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ANC94LA010.md): Cessna CE-180 · King Salmon, AK · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Oct 8, 1993 · N2245C · Substantial damage
  > The pilot-in-command's selection of unsuitable terrain and the berm on the airstrip.
- [NTSB MIA94LA003](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/MIA94LA003.md): Douglas DC-3C · San Juan, PR · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Oct 7, 1993 · N781T · Substantial damage
  > Partial failure of a wing rib due to exfoliation corrosion and inadequate inspection of the aircraft by company maintenance personnel.
- [NTSB CHI94LA008](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI94LA008.md): Luscombe 8A · Bristol, IN · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Oct 7, 1993 · N71492 · Substantial damage
  > the pilot's abrupt maneuver (intentional swerve) and main gear collapse during the landing roll on a short grass strip.
- [NTSB MIA94LA002](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/MIA94LA002.md): Schweizer 269C · Opa-Locka, FL · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Oct 6, 1993 · N95AF · Substantial damage
  > Improper servicing of three of the four main landing gear dampers by company maintenance personnel, and innadequate remedial action by the pilot as ground resonance began.
- [NTSB FTW94LA006](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/FTW94LA006.md): Cessna 310I · Southlake, TX · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Oct 6, 1993 · N8090M · Substantial damage
  > Aircraft control not maintained by the private pilot receiving instruction. Factors were rough runway, runway edge lights inoperative, dark night conditions, brakes restricted due to an out of rig rudder system, and inadequate CFI supervision.
- [NTSB ANC94LA006](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ANC94LA006.md): Piper PA-18-160 · Aniak, AK · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Oct 6, 1993 · N8479Y · Substantial damage
  > The pilot-in-command's failure to compensate for the wind conditions. The gusty wind was a factor.
- [NTSB SEA94LA009](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/SEA94LA009.md): Cessna 150E · Sandy, OR · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Oct 5, 1993 · N3071J · Substantial damage
  > Failure of the pilot to maintain proper runway alignment during the landing. The lack of adequate runway alignment marking was a related factor.
- [NTSB SEA94LA008](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/SEA94LA008.md): Cessna 172RG · Corvallis, OR · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Oct 5, 1993 · N16ED · Substantial damage
  > The cfi's inadequate in-flight planning, and his inadvertent gear-up landing. Factors include the cfi's diverted attention.
- [NTSB ANC94LA012](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ANC94LA012.md): Piper PA-18 · Haines, AK · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Oct 5, 1993 · N5285J · Substantial damage
  > Fatigue failure in a weld on the right main landing gear oleo strut tubing.
- [NTSB SEA94LA005](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/SEA94LA005.md): Cessna T182RG · Casper, WY · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Oct 4, 1993 · N999RG · Substantial damage
  > Inadequate maintenance and inspection of the hydraulic line resulting in a loss of hydraulic pressure.
- [NTSB NYC94LA001](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/NYC94LA001.md): Cessna 172M · Wellsville, NY · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Oct 4, 1993 · N20286 · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's failure to maintain adequate airspeed which resulted in an inadvertent stall and inflight collision with the terrain.
- [NTSB FTW94LA004](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/FTW94LA004.md): Raven Rally RX7 · Albuquerque, NM · Accident · Minor injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Oct 4, 1993 · N27953 · Substantial damage
  > Pilot's failure to maintain aircraft control. A factor was the gusty winds.
- [NTSB CHI94LA009](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI94LA009.md): Luscombe 8F · Benton, KS · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Oct 4, 1993 · N801B · Substantial damage
  > The failure of the student pilot to maintain directional control and proper runway alignment during the landing roll. The proximity of the ditch to the runway was a related factor.
- [NTSB FTW94LA002](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/FTW94LA002.md): Maule M-5-200C · Watkins, CO · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Oct 3, 1993 · N16CB · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's loss of directional control resulting in the inadvertent ground loop. A factor was the instructor's failure to take remedial action on a timely manner.
- [NTSB CHI94LA003](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI94LA003.md): Welch OW8M · Greenfield, IN · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Oct 3, 1993 · N17117 · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's failure to properly flare the airplane. The gusty crosswind was a factor.
- [NTSB NYC94LA003](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/NYC94LA003.md): Cessna 172 · Mt. Gilead, OH · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Oct 2, 1993 · N736RZ · Substantial damage
  > the pilot's improper inflight decision to conduct a night landing at an airport without runway lights, and the subsequent misalignment with the runway and collision with an object.
- [NTSB BFO93LA192](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/BFO93LA192.md): Cessna 182F · Batavia, OH · Accident · Minor injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Oct 1, 1993 · N3332U · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's improper flare.
- [NTSB FTW93LA273](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/FTW93LA273.md): Bell 206-L4 · Hurst, TX · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Sep 30, 1993 · N2064J · Substantial damage
  > The excessive flare and the control interference by the pilot undergoing instruction and inadequate supervision by the CFI. Factors were the pilot's failure to understand the instructor's directions due to his limited knowledge of the english language.
- [NTSB SEA93LA216](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/SEA93LA216.md): Let Blanik L-13 · Clinton, MT · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Sep 26, 1993 · N52AS · Substantial damage
  > Total failure of the tow equipment.
- [NTSB ATL93LA163](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ATL93LA163.md): Aerospatiale TB21 · Spruce Pine, NC · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Sep 26, 1993 · N2528D · Destroyed
  > The pilot's inadequate inflight decision in delaying a go-around attempt and in attempting a go around with full flap extension.
- [NTSB SEA93LA210](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/SEA93LA210.md): White BD-5 · Helena, MT · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Sep 25, 1993 · N273GW · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's failure to maintain airspeed. The pilot's lack of experience in this make and model aircraft was a factor.
- [NTSB BFO93LA187](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/BFO93LA187.md): Cessna 150B · Woodford, VA · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Sep 25, 1993 · N7386X · Substantial damage
  > The pilot misjudging his altitude and airspeed and not attaining the proper touchdown point resulting in the airplane exiting the runway and colliding with pine trees. Factors in this accident were: 1) the wet runway, 2) rain which resulted in poor braking…
- [NTSB LAX93LA368](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX93LA368.md): Cessna 172P · Phoenix, AZ · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Sep 24, 1993 · N98909 · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's misjudging the landing flare. A physical problem may have contributed.
- [NTSB SEA93LA212](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/SEA93LA212.md): Cessna 182RG · Vancouver, WA · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Sep 23, 1993 · N736ZV · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's inadvertent landing gear retraction.
- [NTSB BFO93LA185](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/BFO93LA185.md): Bellanca 7GCBC · Wauseon, OH · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Sep 23, 1993 · N53730 · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's failure to compensate for the crosswind which resulted in loss of directional control during the flare/touchdown. A factor in the accident was the crosswind component.
- [NTSB CHI93LA377](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI93LA377.md): Lanceair 235M · Rockford, IL · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Sep 22, 1993 · N12TN · Substantial damage
  > The pilot-in-command delayed aborting the landing. Factors were a wet runway and the pilot-in-command's lack of recent experience in this type of airplane.
- [NTSB BFO93LA183](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/BFO93LA183.md): Cessna 170B · Martinsburg, WV · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Sep 22, 1993 · N8081A · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's failure to maintain directional control.
- [NTSB ANC93LA182](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ANC93LA182.md): Cessna 180 · Pumice Creek, AK · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Sep 21, 1993 · N4563B · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's failure to maintain directional control of the airplane during the landing roll. Factors were the pilot misjudged the wind information, and the unfavorable wind.

Next page: https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-phases/550/cases.md?page=327

## The whole list in SQL

Runs in DuckDB 1.2 or later on the release's Parquet files over HTTPS:

```sql
WITH phase_names(main, name) AS (VALUES (100, 'Prior to flight'), (150, 'Standing'), (200, 'Pushback/towing'), (250, 'Taxi'), (300, 'Takeoff'), (350, 'Initial climb'), (400, 'Enroute'), (450, 'Maneuvering'), (500, 'Approach'), (550, 'Landing'), (600, 'Emergency descent'), (650, 'Uncontrolled descent'), (700, 'Post-impact'), (750, 'After landing'), (800, 'Other'), (990, 'Unknown')),
  crosswalk(code, main, name) AS (VALUES (500, 150, 'Standing'), (501, 150, 'Standing - pre-flight'), (502, 150, 'Standing - starting engine(s)'), (503, 150, 'Standing - engine(s) operating'), (504, 150, 'Standing - engine(s) not operating'), (505, 150, 'Standing - idling rotors'), (510, 250, 'Taxi'), (511, 200, 'Taxi - pushback/tow'), (512, 250, 'Taxi - to takeoff'), (513, 250, 'Taxi - from landing'), (514, 250, 'Taxi - aerial'), (520, 300, 'Takeoff'), (521, 300, 'Takeoff - roll/run'), (522, 350, 'Takeoff - initial climb'), (523, 300, 'Takeoff - aborted'), (530, 400, 'Climb'), (531, 400, 'Climb - to cruise'), (540, 400, 'Cruise'), (541, 400, 'Cruise - normal'), (542, 400, 'Maneuvering - holding (IFR)'), (550, 400, 'Descent'), (551, 400, 'Descent - normal'), (552, 600, 'Descent - emergency'), (553, 650, 'Descent - uncontrolled'), (560, 500, 'Approach'), (561, 500, 'Approach - VFR pattern - downwind'), (562, 500, 'Approach - VFR pattern - base turn'), (563, 500, 'Approach - VFR pattern - base leg/base to final'), (564, 500, 'Approach - VFR pattern - final approach'), (565, 500, 'Go-around (VFR)'), (566, 500, 'Approach - IAF to FAF/outer marker (IFR)'), (567, 500, 'Approach - FAF/outer marker to threshold (IFR)'), (568, 500, 'Circling (IFR)'), (569, 500, 'Missed approach (IFR)'), (570, 550, 'Landing'), (571, 550, 'Landing - flare/touchdown'), (572, 550, 'Landing - roll'), (573, 550, 'Landing - aborted'), (574, 550, 'Emergency landing'), (575, 550, 'Emergency landing after takeoff'), (576, 600, 'Emergency descent/landing'), (580, 450, 'Maneuvering'), (581, 450, 'Maneuvering - aerial application'), (582, 450, 'Maneuvering - turn to reverse direction'), (583, 450, 'Maneuvering - turn to landing area (emergency)'), (590, 450, 'Hover'), (591, 450, 'Hover - in ground effect'), (592, 450, 'Hover - out of ground effect'), (600, 800, 'Other'), (610, 990, 'Unknown')),
  current_codes AS (
    SELECT e.case_mkey, TRY_CAST(e."tier1Number" AS INTEGER) AS code,
      row_number() OVER (PARTITION BY e.case_mkey ORDER BY coalesce(e."isDefiningEvent", false) DESC, e.position) AS n
    FROM 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_events.parquet' e
    WHERE e.aircrafts_position = 1 AND e."tier1Number" GLOB '[1-9][0-9]*'
      AND (e."isDefiningEvent" OR e.case_mkey IN (SELECT "mKey" FROM 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_case_detail.parquet' WHERE "isPre1982"))
  ),
  phases AS (
    SELECT case_mkey, 'current' AS scheme, code, CASE WHEN code >= 990 THEN 990 ELSE code // 50 * 50 END AS main
    FROM current_codes WHERE n = 1
    UNION ALL
    SELECT o.case_mkey, 'older', o."phaseOfFlightCode", w.main
    FROM 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_occurrences.parquet' o JOIN crosswalk w ON w.code = o."phaseOfFlightCode"
    WHERE o.aircrafts_position = 1 AND o."occurrenceNumber" = 1 AND o.case_mkey NOT IN (SELECT case_mkey FROM current_codes)
  ),
  case_phases AS (
    SELECT p.*, c."eventDate", c."highestInjuryLevel" = 'Fatal' AS fatal, a.aircraft_model_code
    FROM phases p JOIN 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_case_detail.parquet' c ON c."mKey" = p.case_mkey
    LEFT JOIN 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_aircrafts.parquet' a ON a.case_mkey = p.case_mkey AND a.position = 1
    WHERE c."eventDate" >= DATE '1962-01-01' AND p.main IN (SELECT main FROM phase_names)
  )
SELECT c."ntsbNumber", c."eventDate", c."eventType", c."eventCity", c."eventStateOrRegion", a.n_number, a."aircraftMake", a."aircraftModel", c."highestInjuryLevel", c."totalFatal", c."completionStatus", c.report_url
FROM 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_case_detail.parquet' c LEFT JOIN 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_aircrafts.parquet' a ON a.case_mkey = c."mKey" AND a.position = 1
WHERE c."mKey" IN (SELECT case_mkey FROM case_phases WHERE main = 550)
ORDER BY c."eventDate" DESC, c."ntsbNumber" DESC
```

This list as a web page: https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-phases/550/cases?page=326

---
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