# NTSB investigations: Landing

NTSB aviation accident and incident investigations since 1962: the probable cause, findings, aircraft, crew, weather and docket of each, linked to the FAA registry and the FAA’s own reports.

Page 327 of 1,075 · 53,703 cases

## Cases, newest first

- [NTSB SEA93LA203](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/SEA93LA203.md): Maule M-7-235 · Recluse, WY · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Sep 20, 1993 · N61043 · Substantial damage
  > The brake system locked for undetermined reasons.
- [NTSB LAX93LA359](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX93LA359.md): Christen Industries Pitts S-2B · Hawthorne, CA · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Sep 20, 1993 · N88EW · Substantial damage
  > dual student's failure to maintain directional control and improper use of the rudder and the CFI's inadequate supervision of the flight.
- [NTSB SEA93LA204](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/SEA93LA204.md): Cessna 182E · Quilcene, WA · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Sep 19, 1993 · N3117Y · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's failure to maintain the proper airspeed and glidepath.
- [NTSB CHI93LA370](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI93LA370.md): Piper PA-34-200T · New Lenox, IL · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Sep 19, 1993 · N8753E · Substantial damage
  > Selection of the wrong runway by the pilot after misreading the wind sock. The resultant tailwind was a related factor.
- [NTSB BFO93LA182](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/BFO93LA182.md): Piper PA-28-151 · Painesville, OH · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Sep 19, 1993 · N6294J · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's attempt to land with excessive airspeed, his improper use of the brakes, and his delay in performing remedial action.
- [NTSB BFO93LA181](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/BFO93LA181.md): Cessna 180H · New Philadelphi, OH · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Sep 19, 1993 · N9704G · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's failure to maintain directional control of the airplane during landing rollout, subsequently causing the airplane to veer off the runway and groundloop.
- [NTSB ANC93LA180](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ANC93LA180.md): Piper PA-14 · Yantarni Bay, AK · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Sep 19, 1993 · N4259H · Substantial damage
  > The pilot failed to maintain directional control of the airplane during the landing roll. A factor was the crosswind.
- [NTSB CHI93LA369](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI93LA369.md): Luscombe 8F · Festus, MO · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Sep 18, 1993 · N840B · Substantial damage
  > a fatigue failure of the tailwheel spring.
- [NTSB ANC93LA179](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ANC93LA179.md): Taylorcraft BC-12D · Lake George, AK · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Sep 18, 1993 · N5029M · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's improper in-flight planning/decision, and his failure to attain the proper touchdown point. A factor was the rough/uneven terrain.
- [NTSB MIA93LA197](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/MIA93LA197.md): Piper PA-31-350 · Fernandina Bch, FL · Accident · Minor injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Sep 17, 1993 · N456CB · Substantial damage
  > The pilot-in-command's excessive airspeed, his failure to touch down at the proper point on the runway, and his failure to abort the landing.
- [NTSB CHI93LA363](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI93LA363.md): Piper PA-38-112 · Griffith, IN · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Sep 16, 1993 · N2353K · Substantial damage
  > the improper recovery from a bounced landing by the pilot-in- command.
- [NTSB CHI93LA362](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI93LA362.md): Piper PA-23-160 · Hobart, IN · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Sep 16, 1993 · N4470P · Substantial damage
  > The certificated flight instructor's inadequate supervision of the flight during a simulated single engine approach and landing.
- [NTSB SEA93LA199](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/SEA93LA199.md): Cessna 152 · Yamhill, OR · Accident · Minor injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Sep 13, 1993 · N757WT · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's failure to maintain a proper glidepath, improper flare, and improper recovery from a forced landing.
- [NTSB BFO93LA174](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/BFO93LA174.md): Cessna 182L · Oxford, MA · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Sep 13, 1993 · N42233 · Substantial damage
  > The failure of the CFI to maintain a proper descent rate, and his delay in performing remedial action. Factors related to the accident are the downdraft, the gusting winds, and the soft runway.
- [NTSB ANC93LA185](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ANC93LA185.md): Taylorcraft BC12-D · Puget Bay, AK · Accident · Minor injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Sep 13, 1993 · N95608 · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's improper in-flight planning/decision, and his misjudging his altitude above the water. A factor was the glassy water.
- [NTSB MIA93FA194](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/MIA93FA194.md): Cessna 172H · Liberty, MS · Accident · 1 fatal · Field investigation · Final report · Sep 12, 1993 · N3767R · Destroyed
  > The pilot's delayed go-around and failure to retract the flaps in a timely manner. Factors which contributed to the accident were: the pilot's misjudgment of distance and speed which resulted in overshooting the approach, and the existence of power lines…
- [NTSB BFO93LA172](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/BFO93LA172.md): Cessna 172L · Gr Barrington, MA · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Sep 12, 1993 · N7064Q · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's inadequate compensation for the crosswind which resulted in his loss of directional control during the landing roll and subsequent collision with the parked airplanes. A related factor was the pilot's lack of experience.
- [NTSB LAX93LA355](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX93LA355.md): Alfred F. Dibernardino RV-6A · Mesa, AZ · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Sep 11, 1993 · N45FD · Substantial damage
  > the pilot's failure to maintain the landing airspeed. The inadvertent stall was a factor related to this accident.
- [NTSB BFO93LA168](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/BFO93LA168.md): Cessna 170B · Gilbertsville, KY · Accident · Serious injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Sep 10, 1993 · N4473B · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's inadequate compensation for wind conditions, which resulted in a loss of directional control. The crosswind was a related factor.
- [NTSB MIA93LA189](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/MIA93LA189.md): Ferrie Ferri Exec · Delray Beach, FL · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Sep 6, 1993 · N71714 · Substantial damage
  > The pilot-in-command's improper use of the flight controls (cyclic and collective) during a simulated autorotation, resulting in an in flight collision with terrain and subsequent roll over.
- [NTSB LAX93LA344](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX93LA344.md): Cessna 182A · Potrero, CA · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Sep 6, 1993 · N4847D · Substantial damage
  > The overload failure of the upper nose gear torque link and the subsequent separation of the nose wheel and fork assembly from the nose gear strut. A factor in the accident was the surface irregularity in the dirt landing strip.
- [NTSB FTW93LA254](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/FTW93LA254.md): Cessna 421B · Oak Grove, LA · Accident · Serious injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Sep 6, 1993 · N747BW · Substantial damage
  > Directional control not maintained by the pilot for undetermined reasons. Factors were a fence and trees.
- [NTSB SEA93LA201](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/SEA93LA201.md): Cessna 182H · Salt Lake City, UT · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Sep 5, 1993 · N2076X · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's improper flare. Inadequate recovery from a bounced landing was factor.
- [NTSB LAX93LA347](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX93LA347.md): Cameron V-77 · Truckee, CA · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Sep 5, 1993 · N2021A · Substantial damage
  > the pilot's inadequate compensation for the wind conditions during the landing approach.
- [NTSB CHI93LA358](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI93LA358.md): Cessna 140 · Trenton, IL · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Sep 5, 1993 · N89467 · Substantial damage
  > Failure of the pilot to maintain directional control, which resulted in an inadvertent ground swerve and subsequent nose over of the airplane.
- [NTSB BFO93LA158](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/BFO93LA158.md): Piper PA-46-350P · Block Island, RI · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Sep 5, 1993 · N46DK · Destroyed
  > Improper in-flight planning/decision by the pilot, and his failure to attain proper runway alignment.
- [NTSB BFO93LA165](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/BFO93LA165.md): Piper PA-28-181 · Columbia Stn, OH · Accident · Minor injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Sep 4, 1993 · N2189H · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's delay in initiating a go-around (aborted landing), and his improper raising of the flaps at a low airspeed after lift-off, which resulted in a stall/mush. A factor related to the accident was: the pilot's failure to attain the proper touchdown…
- [NTSB BFO93LA155](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/BFO93LA155.md): Douglas MD-88 · Lexington, KY · Accident · Serious injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Sep 4, 1993 · N913DL · No damage
  > The cabin attendant did not follow published procedures.
- [NTSB SEA93LA190](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/SEA93LA190.md): Cessna 182L · Idaho Falls, ID · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Sep 3, 1993 · N42708 · Substantial damage
  > The encounter with unfavorable wind during landing roll and the pilot's failure to maintain directional control.
- [NTSB MIA93LA192](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/MIA93LA192.md): Piper PA-12 · Greenwood, MS · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Sep 3, 1993 · N2966M · Substantial damage
  > Operation of the airplane by the pilot-in-command/cfi with known deficiencies in equipment and the worn condition of the tailwheel assembly.
- [NTSB CHI93LA349](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI93LA349.md): Boeing Stearman A75N1 · Delevan, WI · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Sep 3, 1993 · N55501 · Substantial damage
  > the excessive use of brakes and rudder by the pilot-in-command. A factor related to the accident was the pilot-in-command's lack of total experience in this type of aircraft.
- [NTSB BFO93LA154](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/BFO93LA154.md): Piper PA-28-161 · Centre Hall, PA · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Sep 2, 1993 · N2406U · Substantial damage
  > The pilot misjudged his airspeed and altitude which resulted in the pilot's failure to attain the proper touchdown point resultng in the airplane exiting the runway and colliding with the berm. A related factor was the location of the berm.
- [NTSB BFO93LA149](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/BFO93LA149.md): Lach Bensen B-8M · Fall River, MA · Accident · Serious injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Sep 2, 1993 · N8447 · Substantial damage
  > FATIGUE FAILURE OF THE GYROCOPTER'S MAIN ROTOR CONTROL ARM. fACTORS RELATED TO THE ACCIDENT WERE: A LOOSE CLAMP ON THE ROTOR CONTROL ARM, DUE TO INADEQUATE MAINTENANCE OR INSPECTION, WHICH RESULTED IN CHAFING OF THE CONTROL ARM.
- [NTSB ANC93LA166](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ANC93LA166.md): Piper PA-18 · Squirrel River, AK · Accident · Minor injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Sep 1, 1993 · N4402Z · Substantial damage
  > The pilot improperly compensated for the wind conditions.
- [NTSB ANC93LA163](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ANC93LA163.md): Piper PA-18-150 · Victory, AK · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Aug 31, 1993 · N9016Y · Substantial damage
  > The partial failure of the airplane's brake system. Factor was the intentional ground looping by the pilot-in-command.
- [NTSB NYC93LA179](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/NYC93LA179.md): Piper PA-28-161 · West Mifflin, PA · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Aug 29, 1993 · N2572U · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's misjudgement of speed and distance, which resulted in a landing overrun of the runway. Factors were an embankment and the pilot not being able to abort the landing.
- [NTSB LAX93LA339](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX93LA339.md): Mooney M-20M · Eureka, CA · Accident · Serious injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Aug 29, 1993 · N353CK · Substantial damage
  > the pilot's failure to attain the proper touch down point and the excessive airspeed.
- [NTSB CHI93LA341](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI93LA341.md): Cessna R182 · St Louis, MO · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Aug 29, 1993 · N2623C · Substantial damage
  > the pilot's delay in lowering the landing gear prior to touchdown.
- [NTSB NYC93LA182](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/NYC93LA182.md): Cessna 150M · Cortland, NY · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Aug 28, 1993 · N63626 · Substantial damage
  > The student pilot's improper recovery from a bounced landing, resulting in a hard landing and collapse of the nose gear. A factor was the student pilot's inexperience.
- [NTSB LAX93LA340](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX93LA340.md): Cessna 177RG · Cameron Park, CA · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Aug 28, 1993 · N33195 · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's failure to assure that the landing gear was down and locked. Factors relating to this accident were the alternator failure due to a broken wire and the low battery output.
- [NTSB NYC93LA174](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/NYC93LA174.md): Cameron HAB-N90 · Niagara Falls, NY · Accident · Serious injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Aug 27, 1993 · N1192W · No damage
  > The inadequate bracing of the passenger for landing which resulted in a fall.
- [NTSB SEA93FA186](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/SEA93FA186.md): Dassault DA-10 · Hailey, ID · Accident · No injuries · Field investigation · Final report · Aug 26, 1993 · FBYCV · Substantial damage
  > The pilot-in-command's improper procedures. Factors include failure of an electrical relay, inoperative thrust reverser, poor crew coordination, and the second-in-command's improper procedures.
- [NTSB CHI93LA338](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI93LA338.md): Beech 19 · Elkhart, IN · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Aug 26, 1993 · N1914L · Substantial damage
  > inadequate remedial action by the flight instructor. Factors related to the accident were the excessive descent rate and the overload failure of the landing gear.
- [NTSB SEA93LA184](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/SEA93LA184.md): Cessna 206B · Challis, ID · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Aug 25, 1993 · N3431L · Substantial damage
  > Inadequate compensation for wind conditions. The downdraft was a factor.
- [NTSB CHI93LA337](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI93LA337.md): Piper Aerostar 601P · Saint James, MI · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Aug 24, 1993 · N479CB · Substantial damage
  > Improper planning/decision by the pilot. Factors related to the accident were: the unfavorable wind, and high obstructions near the end of the runway.
- [NTSB LAX93LA334](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX93LA334.md): Cessna A150M · Sacramento, CA · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Aug 23, 1993 · N9861J · Substantial damage
  > The dual student pilot's failure to maintain directional control, improper use of the flight controls, and failure to relinquish the flight controls to the CFI. The soft dirt was a factor in this accident.
- [NTSB SEA93LA185](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/SEA93LA185.md): Cessna 150H · Garfield, WA · Accident · Minor injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Aug 22, 1993 · N22369 · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's improper flare and recovery from a bounced landing. Factors include approach airspeed not maintained, a lack of total experience, and a ditch near the runway.
- [NTSB NYC93LA167](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/NYC93LA167.md): Cessna 182G · Slattington, PA · Accident · Serious injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Aug 22, 1993 · N23PM · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's failure to maintain adequate airspeed which resulted in an inadvertent stall and inflight collision with the terrain. A factor was the proper touchdown point was not obtained.
- [NTSB CHI93LA332](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI93LA332.md): Cessna 172M · Lincoln, NE · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Aug 22, 1993 · N80476 · Substantial damage
  > the pilot's failure to attain the proper touchdown point.
- [NTSB CHI93LA331](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI93LA331.md): Beech 23 · Milwaukee, WI · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Aug 22, 1993 · N9772L · Substantial damage
  > the student pilot's improper recovery from a bounced landing.

Next page: https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-phases/550/cases.md?page=328

## The whole list in SQL

Runs in DuckDB 1.2 or later on the release's Parquet files over HTTPS:

```sql
WITH phase_names(main, name) AS (VALUES (100, 'Prior to flight'), (150, 'Standing'), (200, 'Pushback/towing'), (250, 'Taxi'), (300, 'Takeoff'), (350, 'Initial climb'), (400, 'Enroute'), (450, 'Maneuvering'), (500, 'Approach'), (550, 'Landing'), (600, 'Emergency descent'), (650, 'Uncontrolled descent'), (700, 'Post-impact'), (750, 'After landing'), (800, 'Other'), (990, 'Unknown')),
  crosswalk(code, main, name) AS (VALUES (500, 150, 'Standing'), (501, 150, 'Standing - pre-flight'), (502, 150, 'Standing - starting engine(s)'), (503, 150, 'Standing - engine(s) operating'), (504, 150, 'Standing - engine(s) not operating'), (505, 150, 'Standing - idling rotors'), (510, 250, 'Taxi'), (511, 200, 'Taxi - pushback/tow'), (512, 250, 'Taxi - to takeoff'), (513, 250, 'Taxi - from landing'), (514, 250, 'Taxi - aerial'), (520, 300, 'Takeoff'), (521, 300, 'Takeoff - roll/run'), (522, 350, 'Takeoff - initial climb'), (523, 300, 'Takeoff - aborted'), (530, 400, 'Climb'), (531, 400, 'Climb - to cruise'), (540, 400, 'Cruise'), (541, 400, 'Cruise - normal'), (542, 400, 'Maneuvering - holding (IFR)'), (550, 400, 'Descent'), (551, 400, 'Descent - normal'), (552, 600, 'Descent - emergency'), (553, 650, 'Descent - uncontrolled'), (560, 500, 'Approach'), (561, 500, 'Approach - VFR pattern - downwind'), (562, 500, 'Approach - VFR pattern - base turn'), (563, 500, 'Approach - VFR pattern - base leg/base to final'), (564, 500, 'Approach - VFR pattern - final approach'), (565, 500, 'Go-around (VFR)'), (566, 500, 'Approach - IAF to FAF/outer marker (IFR)'), (567, 500, 'Approach - FAF/outer marker to threshold (IFR)'), (568, 500, 'Circling (IFR)'), (569, 500, 'Missed approach (IFR)'), (570, 550, 'Landing'), (571, 550, 'Landing - flare/touchdown'), (572, 550, 'Landing - roll'), (573, 550, 'Landing - aborted'), (574, 550, 'Emergency landing'), (575, 550, 'Emergency landing after takeoff'), (576, 600, 'Emergency descent/landing'), (580, 450, 'Maneuvering'), (581, 450, 'Maneuvering - aerial application'), (582, 450, 'Maneuvering - turn to reverse direction'), (583, 450, 'Maneuvering - turn to landing area (emergency)'), (590, 450, 'Hover'), (591, 450, 'Hover - in ground effect'), (592, 450, 'Hover - out of ground effect'), (600, 800, 'Other'), (610, 990, 'Unknown')),
  current_codes AS (
    SELECT e.case_mkey, TRY_CAST(e."tier1Number" AS INTEGER) AS code,
      row_number() OVER (PARTITION BY e.case_mkey ORDER BY coalesce(e."isDefiningEvent", false) DESC, e.position) AS n
    FROM 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_events.parquet' e
    WHERE e.aircrafts_position = 1 AND e."tier1Number" GLOB '[1-9][0-9]*'
      AND (e."isDefiningEvent" OR e.case_mkey IN (SELECT "mKey" FROM 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_case_detail.parquet' WHERE "isPre1982"))
  ),
  phases AS (
    SELECT case_mkey, 'current' AS scheme, code, CASE WHEN code >= 990 THEN 990 ELSE code // 50 * 50 END AS main
    FROM current_codes WHERE n = 1
    UNION ALL
    SELECT o.case_mkey, 'older', o."phaseOfFlightCode", w.main
    FROM 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_occurrences.parquet' o JOIN crosswalk w ON w.code = o."phaseOfFlightCode"
    WHERE o.aircrafts_position = 1 AND o."occurrenceNumber" = 1 AND o.case_mkey NOT IN (SELECT case_mkey FROM current_codes)
  ),
  case_phases AS (
    SELECT p.*, c."eventDate", c."highestInjuryLevel" = 'Fatal' AS fatal, a.aircraft_model_code
    FROM phases p JOIN 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_case_detail.parquet' c ON c."mKey" = p.case_mkey
    LEFT JOIN 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_aircrafts.parquet' a ON a.case_mkey = p.case_mkey AND a.position = 1
    WHERE c."eventDate" >= DATE '1962-01-01' AND p.main IN (SELECT main FROM phase_names)
  )
SELECT c."ntsbNumber", c."eventDate", c."eventType", c."eventCity", c."eventStateOrRegion", a.n_number, a."aircraftMake", a."aircraftModel", c."highestInjuryLevel", c."totalFatal", c."completionStatus", c.report_url
FROM 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_case_detail.parquet' c LEFT JOIN 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_aircrafts.parquet' a ON a.case_mkey = c."mKey" AND a.position = 1
WHERE c."mKey" IN (SELECT case_mkey FROM case_phases WHERE main = 550)
ORDER BY c."eventDate" DESC, c."ntsbNumber" DESC
```

This list as a web page: https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-phases/550/cases?page=327

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