# NTSB investigations: Landing

NTSB aviation accident and incident investigations since 1962: the probable cause, findings, aircraft, crew, weather and docket of each, linked to the FAA registry and the FAA’s own reports.

Page 328 of 1,075 · 53,703 cases

## Cases, newest first

- [NTSB ANC93LA162](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ANC93LA162.md): Cessna 172 · Knik Glacier, AK · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Aug 22, 1993 · N3817S · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's improper inflight planning/decision, and his failure to attain the proper touchdown point. Factors were the rain and the rough/uneven terrain.
- [NTSB NYC93LA165](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/NYC93LA165.md): Cessna 172 · London, OH · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Aug 21, 1993 · N5653G · Substantial damage
  > The student pilot's failure to maintain directional control of the airplane after landing, and subsequent departure from the runway and collision with terrain.
- [NTSB LAX93LA332](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX93LA332.md): Cessna 152 · Glendale, AZ · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Aug 21, 1993 · N6596P · Substantial damage
  > The student pilot's improper flare and recovery from the ensuing bounced landing.
- [NTSB ANC93LA155](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ANC93LA155.md): Piper PA-22 · Jay Creek, AK · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Aug 21, 1993 · N6066D · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's selection of unsuitable terrain on which to land.
- [NTSB CHI93LA330](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI93LA330.md): Piper PA-32R-301 · Point Lookout, MO · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Aug 19, 1993 · N80349 · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's failure to attain the proper touchdown Point.
- [NTSB MIA93LA177](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/MIA93LA177.md): Schweizer 269C · Punta Gorda, FL · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Aug 18, 1993 · N95AF · Substantial damage
  > The pilot-in-command's improper use of the flight controls (cyclic and collective pitch) during a simulated autorotation with turn, resulting in an in flight collision with terrain with the tail skid and tailrotor blades.
- [NTSB NYC93FA159](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/NYC93FA159.md): Swearingen SA-226-TC · Hartford, CT · Accident · 2 fatal · Field investigation · Final report · Aug 17, 1993 · N220KC · Destroyed
  > Failure of the copilot (second-in-command) to follow the checklist, assure the gear was extended for landing and attain or maintain adequate airspeed (VMC); and failure of the pilot-in-command (PIC) to properly supervise the flight and take sufficient…
- [NTSB MIA93LA181](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/MIA93LA181.md): Grumman AA-5 · Delray Beach, FL · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Aug 17, 1993 · N11LT · Substantial damage
  > The pilot-in-command's/flight instructor failure to communicate his intentions with the student pilot to effect a positive transfer of the flight controls, and improper handling of the airplane on landing roll out, resulting in an on ground collision with a…
- [NTSB DEN93LA104](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/DEN93LA104.md): Cessna 152 · Carr, CO · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Aug 17, 1993 · N25379 · Substantial damage
  > Failure of the pilot in command to maintain directional control of the aircraft during landing roll. Factors were the pilot disregarding the tailwind, and rough and uneven terrain off the side of the runway.
- [NTSB NYC93LA160](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/NYC93LA160.md): Aeronca 7EC · Moneta, VA · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Aug 15, 1993 · N4306C · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's loss of directional control after landing, resulting in a departure from the runway and a collision with trees.
- [NTSB DEN93LA102](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/DEN93LA102.md): Cessna 140A · Lake Arthur, NM · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Aug 15, 1993 · N1142D · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's failure to maintain directional control of the aircraft during landing roll.
- [NTSB ANC93LA154](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ANC93LA154.md): Helio H-295 · Mt. Deborah, AK · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Aug 15, 1993 · N42DC · Substantial damage
  > Failure of the right main landing gear leg due to the improper major repair performed on the gear leg by some unknown maintenance person(s).
- [NTSB ANC93LA142](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ANC93LA142.md): Cessna 172 · Black Rapids, AK · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Aug 13, 1993 · N65626 · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's improper in-flight planning/decision, and his delay in taking remedial action. Factor was the rough, uneven terrain.
- [NTSB SEA93LA176](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/SEA93LA176.md): Cessna 185C · Stibnite, ID · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Aug 12, 1993 · N2690Z · Substantial damage
  > Leakage of hydraulic brake fluid and improper maintenance by the pilot in command. A factor contributing to the accident was inadequate inspection by the mechanic.
- [NTSB CHI93LA321](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI93LA321.md): R.D. Bell/Pietenpol Aircamper · Pontiac, MI · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Aug 12, 1993 · N194BB · Substantial damage
  > The pilot in command not maintaining a proper descent rate during the final approach and landing flare phase of flight.
- [NTSB CHI93LA320](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI93LA320.md): Bell 47-G5 · Schaumburg, IL · Accident · Minor injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Aug 12, 1993 · N1347X · Substantial damage
  > the pilot's improper autorotation techniques.
- [NTSB NYC93LA152](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/NYC93LA152.md): Bellanca 8KCAB · Erwinna, PA · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Aug 11, 1993 · N777DD · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's failure to maintain aircraft control which resulted in a nose over. A rough uneven runway, and the pilot's diverted attention are contributing factors.
- [NTSB FTW93LA237](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/FTW93LA237.md): Beech 58 · Little Rock, AR · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Aug 11, 1993 · N7222V · Substantial damage
  > The inadvertent landing gear retraction by the pilot. A factor was the pilot's negative habit interference.
- [NTSB SEA93LA173](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/SEA93LA173.md): Piper PA-18-150 · Sheridan, WY · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Aug 10, 1993 · N116BH · Substantial damage
  > The dual student's failure to maintain directional control. A factor contributing to the accident was the instructor's delayed remedial action.
- [NTSB CHI93LA318](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI93LA318.md): Eagle DW-1 · Minto, ND · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Aug 10, 1993 · N8813B · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's failure to maintain adequate aircraft control during ground maneuvering. Inadequate visual outlook by the pilot and the pilot of the other aircraft was a contributing factor.
- [NTSB LAX93LA321](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX93LA321.md): Cessna 170B · Lakeport, CA · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Aug 9, 1993 · N2294D · Substantial damage
  > the pilot's inadequate compensation for the existing wind conditions and his failure to maintain directional control.
- [NTSB ANC93LA141](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ANC93LA141.md): Piper PA-18 · Bernard Glacier, AK · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Aug 9, 1993 · N1200A · Substantial damage
  > Improper planning/decision by the pilot, concerning the landing at the remote strip, which resulted in a nose over, while using heavy brakes to stop. A factor related to the accident was: the rough/uneven condition of the landing strip.
- [NTSB NYC93LA148](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/NYC93LA148.md): Cessna 152 · Fryeburg, ME · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Aug 8, 1993 · N25211 · Substantial damage
  > The student pilot's improper recovery from a bounced landing resulting in the collapse of the nose gear and the subsequent nose over. A factor was an improper flare.
- [NTSB CHI93DEV01](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI93DEV01.md): Walter D. Courtney Courtney TWO · Canton, IL · Accident · 1 fatal · Final report · Aug 8, 1993 · N78WC · Substantial damage
  > the pilot's failure to maintain control of the airplane during final approach to landing.
- [NTSB ANC93LA139](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ANC93LA139.md): Cessna 170 · Northway, AK · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Aug 8, 1993 · N3271A · Substantial damage
  > The pilot-in-command's inadequate compensating for the variable wind conditions.
- [NTSB ANC93LA138](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ANC93LA138.md): Cessna 180 · Anchorage, AK · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Aug 8, 1993 · N3654C · Substantial damage
  > The inadvertent raising of the flaps.
- [NTSB ANC93LA137](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ANC93LA137.md): Piper PA-18 · Northway, AK · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Aug 7, 1993 · N4485A · Substantial damage
  > The failure of the pilot to maintain directional control on touchdown. A factor in the accident was the gusty crosswind conditions.
- [NTSB CHI93LA308](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI93LA308.md): Beech 19A · Ludington, MI · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Aug 6, 1993 · N5072T · Substantial damage
  > the pilot's misjudged landing flare.
- [NTSB ANC93LA135](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ANC93LA135.md): Luscombe SL8 · Dillingham, AK · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Aug 6, 1993 · N2542K · Substantial damage
  > The pilot-in-command's selection of unsuitable terrain for landing. A factor was the soft terrain.
- [NTSB NYC93LA144](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/NYC93LA144.md): Beech A55 · Norfolk, VA · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Aug 3, 1993 · N30JM · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's improper compesnation for wind conditions and failure to maintain firectional control. A factor was adverse wind conditions.
- [NTSB ATL93LA140](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ATL93LA140.md): Cessna 172M · Manteo, NC · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Aug 3, 1993 · N80797 · Substantial damage
  > Inadequate compensation for wind conditions by the pilot. Factors related to the accident were: the adverse wind and the pilot's failure to obtain a weather briefing (inadequate weather evaluation).
- [NTSB DEN93LA098](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/DEN93LA098.md): Boeing 757-222 · Denver, CO · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Aug 2, 1993 · N508UA · Substantial damage
  > The first officer's improper recovery from a bounced landing. Factors were: the first officer's delayed initiation of the flare, and the captain's improper supervision of the flight.
- [NTSB ANC93LA131](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ANC93LA131.md): Cessna 208 · Kodiak, AK · Accident · Minor injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Aug 2, 1993 · N9526F · Substantial damage
  > The pilot in command did not use the airplane checklist. A factor was his diverted attention to other mission related activities.
- [NTSB NYC93LA143](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/NYC93LA143.md): Balloon Works Fire FLY 7-15 · Milford, NH · Accident · Serious injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Aug 1, 1993 · N2574M · No damage
  > Unfavorable winds during landing which resulted in a hard landing and one passenger sustaining a broken angle.
- [NTSB CHI93LA301](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI93LA301.md): Cessna 180 · Naubinway, MI · Accident · 1 fatal · Limited investigation · Final report · Aug 1, 1993 · CFPTU · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's improper flare for landing. Factors associated with the accident are the low clouds and fog, the rough water at the landing site, and the pilot's continued flight into known adverse weather.
- [NTSB ATL93LA141](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ATL93LA141.md): Cessna 150F · Wilmington, NC · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Aug 1, 1993 · N6255R · Substantial damage
  > A hidden soft spot on the runway that resulted in a nose over of the airplane during a landing roll.
- [NTSB ANC93LA133](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ANC93LA133.md): Bellanca 7GCBC · Soldotna, AK · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Aug 1, 1993 · N68578 · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's failure to attain a proper touchdown point. A factor was the pilot's improper in flight planning/decision.
- [NTSB ANC93LA132](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ANC93LA132.md): Cessna 180 · Sparrevohn, AK · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Aug 1, 1993 · N3680C · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's failure to maintain directional control of the airplane. A factor was the animal on the runway.
- [NTSB ANC93LA129](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ANC93LA129.md): Piper PA-18 · Anchorage, AK · Accident · Minor injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Aug 1, 1993 · N91219 · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's improper planning/decision, while on an approach to land behind another airplane.
- [NTSB FTW93LA221](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/FTW93LA221.md): Boeing B75-N1 · Burnet, TX · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jul 31, 1993 · N65355 · Substantial damage
  > Inadvertent groundloop by the pilot.
- [NTSB CHI93LA307](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI93LA307.md): Cessna 170 · Excelsior Spgs, MO · Accident · Minor injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jul 31, 1993 · N4411V · Substantial damage
  > the private pilot's failure to maintain adequate aircraft control during landing.
- [NTSB MIA93LA166](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/MIA93LA166.md): Cessna 414 · Lake City, FL · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jul 30, 1993 · N4232C · Substantial damage
  > The failure of the pilot-in-commmand to properly flare before touchdown and the pilot's decision to land with excessive airspeed. A contributing factor was the aprehension/anxiety of the pilot during the precautionary landing.
- [NTSB SEA93LA167](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/SEA93LA167.md): Cessna 172N · Monroe, WA · Accident · Minor injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jul 29, 1993 · N734DL · Substantial damage
  > The improper inflight decision by the PIC and his failure to attain proper runway alignment. Factors relating to the accident were the dark night light conditions, unavailability of runway lights, and lack of recent night flight time by the PIC.
- [NTSB LAX93LA304](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX93LA304.md): Cessna 152 · San Carlos, CA · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jul 28, 1993 · N69208 · Substantial damage
  > The cfi's inadequate supervision of the flight, the improper recovery from the bounced landing by the crew, and the lack of total experience in giving dual instruction by the CFI. Factors which contributed to this accident were: the dual student's improper…
- [NTSB CHI93LA293](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI93LA293.md): Aeronca 7AC · Oshkosh, WI · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jul 28, 1993 · N81598 · Substantial damage
  > The pilot-in-command's not maintaining directional control. Factors include a crosswind, the pilot-in-command's not attaining compensation for wind conditions, and his lack of experience in this type of airplane.
- [NTSB CHI93LA290](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI93LA290.md): Piper PA-28 · Troy, MI · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jul 28, 1993 · N40023 · Substantial damage
  > Is the pilot not attaining the proper touchdown point, not flying a proper glidepath, and not performing a go around.
- [NTSB ATL93FA136](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ATL93FA136.md): Cessna 172M · Harvest, AL · Accident · Serious injuries · Field investigation · Final report · Jul 28, 1993 · N13738 · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's poorly planned approach and the failure of the pilot to execute a go-around.
- [NTSB SEA93LA165](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/SEA93LA165.md): Riches Avid Flyer · Tooele, UT · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jul 27, 1993 · N160VR · Substantial damage
  > The failure of the PIC to maintain directional control and to correct a ground loop/swerve.
- [NTSB SEA93LA164](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/SEA93LA164.md): Champion 7EC · Chewelah, WA · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jul 27, 1993 · N4394C · Substantial damage
  > The failure of the PIC to maintain directional control and correct for ground loop/swerve.
- [NTSB DEN93LA087](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/DEN93LA087.md): Aero Commander 100-180 · Wray, CO · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jul 27, 1993 · N3617X · Destroyed
  > The pilot's inadequate compensation for the wind conditions and improper recovery from a bounced landing. The gusty crosswind was a factor.

Next page: https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-phases/550/cases.md?page=329

## The whole list in SQL

Runs in DuckDB 1.2 or later on the release's Parquet files over HTTPS:

```sql
WITH phase_names(main, name) AS (VALUES (100, 'Prior to flight'), (150, 'Standing'), (200, 'Pushback/towing'), (250, 'Taxi'), (300, 'Takeoff'), (350, 'Initial climb'), (400, 'Enroute'), (450, 'Maneuvering'), (500, 'Approach'), (550, 'Landing'), (600, 'Emergency descent'), (650, 'Uncontrolled descent'), (700, 'Post-impact'), (750, 'After landing'), (800, 'Other'), (990, 'Unknown')),
  crosswalk(code, main, name) AS (VALUES (500, 150, 'Standing'), (501, 150, 'Standing - pre-flight'), (502, 150, 'Standing - starting engine(s)'), (503, 150, 'Standing - engine(s) operating'), (504, 150, 'Standing - engine(s) not operating'), (505, 150, 'Standing - idling rotors'), (510, 250, 'Taxi'), (511, 200, 'Taxi - pushback/tow'), (512, 250, 'Taxi - to takeoff'), (513, 250, 'Taxi - from landing'), (514, 250, 'Taxi - aerial'), (520, 300, 'Takeoff'), (521, 300, 'Takeoff - roll/run'), (522, 350, 'Takeoff - initial climb'), (523, 300, 'Takeoff - aborted'), (530, 400, 'Climb'), (531, 400, 'Climb - to cruise'), (540, 400, 'Cruise'), (541, 400, 'Cruise - normal'), (542, 400, 'Maneuvering - holding (IFR)'), (550, 400, 'Descent'), (551, 400, 'Descent - normal'), (552, 600, 'Descent - emergency'), (553, 650, 'Descent - uncontrolled'), (560, 500, 'Approach'), (561, 500, 'Approach - VFR pattern - downwind'), (562, 500, 'Approach - VFR pattern - base turn'), (563, 500, 'Approach - VFR pattern - base leg/base to final'), (564, 500, 'Approach - VFR pattern - final approach'), (565, 500, 'Go-around (VFR)'), (566, 500, 'Approach - IAF to FAF/outer marker (IFR)'), (567, 500, 'Approach - FAF/outer marker to threshold (IFR)'), (568, 500, 'Circling (IFR)'), (569, 500, 'Missed approach (IFR)'), (570, 550, 'Landing'), (571, 550, 'Landing - flare/touchdown'), (572, 550, 'Landing - roll'), (573, 550, 'Landing - aborted'), (574, 550, 'Emergency landing'), (575, 550, 'Emergency landing after takeoff'), (576, 600, 'Emergency descent/landing'), (580, 450, 'Maneuvering'), (581, 450, 'Maneuvering - aerial application'), (582, 450, 'Maneuvering - turn to reverse direction'), (583, 450, 'Maneuvering - turn to landing area (emergency)'), (590, 450, 'Hover'), (591, 450, 'Hover - in ground effect'), (592, 450, 'Hover - out of ground effect'), (600, 800, 'Other'), (610, 990, 'Unknown')),
  current_codes AS (
    SELECT e.case_mkey, TRY_CAST(e."tier1Number" AS INTEGER) AS code,
      row_number() OVER (PARTITION BY e.case_mkey ORDER BY coalesce(e."isDefiningEvent", false) DESC, e.position) AS n
    FROM 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_events.parquet' e
    WHERE e.aircrafts_position = 1 AND e."tier1Number" GLOB '[1-9][0-9]*'
      AND (e."isDefiningEvent" OR e.case_mkey IN (SELECT "mKey" FROM 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_case_detail.parquet' WHERE "isPre1982"))
  ),
  phases AS (
    SELECT case_mkey, 'current' AS scheme, code, CASE WHEN code >= 990 THEN 990 ELSE code // 50 * 50 END AS main
    FROM current_codes WHERE n = 1
    UNION ALL
    SELECT o.case_mkey, 'older', o."phaseOfFlightCode", w.main
    FROM 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_occurrences.parquet' o JOIN crosswalk w ON w.code = o."phaseOfFlightCode"
    WHERE o.aircrafts_position = 1 AND o."occurrenceNumber" = 1 AND o.case_mkey NOT IN (SELECT case_mkey FROM current_codes)
  ),
  case_phases AS (
    SELECT p.*, c."eventDate", c."highestInjuryLevel" = 'Fatal' AS fatal, a.aircraft_model_code
    FROM phases p JOIN 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_case_detail.parquet' c ON c."mKey" = p.case_mkey
    LEFT JOIN 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_aircrafts.parquet' a ON a.case_mkey = p.case_mkey AND a.position = 1
    WHERE c."eventDate" >= DATE '1962-01-01' AND p.main IN (SELECT main FROM phase_names)
  )
SELECT c."ntsbNumber", c."eventDate", c."eventType", c."eventCity", c."eventStateOrRegion", a.n_number, a."aircraftMake", a."aircraftModel", c."highestInjuryLevel", c."totalFatal", c."completionStatus", c.report_url
FROM 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_case_detail.parquet' c LEFT JOIN 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_aircrafts.parquet' a ON a.case_mkey = c."mKey" AND a.position = 1
WHERE c."mKey" IN (SELECT case_mkey FROM case_phases WHERE main = 550)
ORDER BY c."eventDate" DESC, c."ntsbNumber" DESC
```

This list as a web page: https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-phases/550/cases?page=328

---
OpenAirDocs.org is an independent research project of [Contrail Labs](https://contraillabs.com/). It is not affiliated with the FAA or the NTSB. Source documents are U.S. government works in the public domain.