# NTSB investigations: Landing

NTSB aviation accident and incident investigations since 1962: the probable cause, findings, aircraft, crew, weather and docket of each, linked to the FAA registry and the FAA’s own reports.

Page 332 of 1,075 · 53,703 cases

## Cases, newest first

- [NTSB CHI93LA173](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI93LA173.md): Piper PA-11 · Thedford, NE · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · May 15, 1993 · N16686 · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's selection of unsuitable terrain on which to land and his excessive use of brakes.
- [NTSB BFO93LA086](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/BFO93LA086.md): Cessna 182P · Bath, NY · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · May 15, 1993 · N21137 · Substantial damage
  > The pilot did not attain the proper touchdown point and did not go around while there was still sufficient speed to do so. The wet runway grass was a related factor.
- [NTSB CHI93LA172](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI93LA172.md): Piper PA-32-300 · West Chicago, IL · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · May 14, 1993 · N2947E · Substantial damage
  > The pilot-in-command's inadequate compensation for the wind conditions he encountered during the landing approach and touchdown and not maintaining a proper descent rate
- [NTSB BFO93LA084](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/BFO93LA084.md): Cessna A150M · Tarentum, PA · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · May 12, 1993 · N9891J · Substantial damage
  > Failure of the pilot to maintain directional control and proper runway alignment. The adverse weather condition and proximity of the parked aircraft were related factors.
- [NTSB BFO93LA083](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/BFO93LA083.md): Bellanca 7KCAB · Shirley, NY · Accident · Minor injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · May 12, 1993 · N8612V · Destroyed
  > Failure of the pilot to maintain directional control during the landing, which resulted in a ground swerve, and his failure to maintain sufficient clearance and or altitude from the trees. The proximity of trees was a related factor.
- [NTSB LAX93LA212](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX93LA212.md): Cessna 152 · Elko, NV · Accident · Minor injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · May 11, 1993 · N714ZL · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's failure in not determining the surface winds prior to landing which resulted in a landing in conditions beyond the demonstrated capability of the airplane.
- [NTSB DEN93LA055](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/DEN93LA055.md): Piper PA-30 · Watkins, CO · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · May 11, 1993 · N7198Y · Destroyed
  > The student's failure to maintain proper touchdown alignment, and the instructor pilot's inadequate supervision.
- [NTSB ANC93LA062](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ANC93LA062.md): Cessna 182 · Blair Lakes, AK · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · May 11, 1993 · N6374B · Substantial damage
  > The pilots selection of unsuitable terrain on which to land. A factor was the soft, wet, rough area on the strip.
- [NTSB BFO93LA079](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/BFO93LA079.md): Cessna 172P · Pittstown, NJ · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · May 10, 1993 · N54833 · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's improper recovery from a bounced landing, and his failure to maintain directional control of the airplane, which resulted in a ground swerve. The gusty wind and proximity of the parked airplane were related factors.
- [NTSB LAX93LA206](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX93LA206.md): Grumman AA-5 · Redlands, CA · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · May 9, 1993 · N5810L · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's delayed landing abort during a downwind landing. Factors which contributed to the accident were: an incorrect advisory by the UNICOM operator, inadequate wind direction determination by the pilot which resulted in the wrong runway selected, and…
- [NTSB LAX93LA205](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX93LA205.md): Cessna 195B · Placerville, CA · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · May 9, 1993 · N2171C · Substantial damage
  > The unreliability of the normal brake system and the leaking master cylinder
- [NTSB BFO93LA081](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/BFO93LA081.md): Cessna 150M · Marlboro, MA · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · May 9, 1993 · N2894V · Substantial damage
  > The pilot failed to maintain control of the airplane during landing. Related to the accident was the excessive airspeed.
- [NTSB LAX93LA210](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX93LA210.md): Piper PA-28-140 · Reedley, CA · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · May 8, 1993 · N4149J · Substantial damage
  > A failure of the pilot to maintain proper runway alignment and improper remedial action during the balked landing. A factor in the accident was a lack of total aeronautical experience.
- [NTSB BFO93LA075](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/BFO93LA075.md): Cessna 172N · Falmouth, KY · Accident · Serious injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · May 8, 1993 · N1329E · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's failure to maintain directional control of the airplane during the landing roll, which resulted in an inadvertent swerve, and his delayed remedial action.
- [NTSB BFO93LA072](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/BFO93LA072.md): Piper PA-34-200T · Simsbury, CT · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · May 8, 1993 · N47448 · Substantial damage
  > Lack of braking action from the right brake. The pilot's failure to attain the proper touchdown point was a related factor.
- [NTSB BFO93LA071](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/BFO93LA071.md): American General AG5B · Princeton, NJ · Accident · Minor injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · May 7, 1993 · N1192P · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's misjudgement of distance and speed during the landing, and his failure to initiate a go around, while there was still sufficient speed and runway remaining. His failure to attain the proper touchdown point for the landing was a related factor.
- [NTSB BFO93IA070](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/BFO93IA070.md): Fokker F28-MK-0100 · Pittsburgh, PA · Incident · Minor injuries · Incident investigation · Final report · May 7, 1993 · N867US · Minor damage
  > The improper installation of the spacers by the mechanic and the unclear information supplied from the manufacturer and operator regarding the installation of the spacers.
- [NTSB ATL93LA088](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ATL93LA088.md): Extra 300 · Ridge Springs, SC · Accident · Serious injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · May 6, 1993 · N694DM · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's failure to determine the landing distance required for a landing on a wet sod runway, which resulted in the overrun of the landing area and the collision with a tree
- [NTSB MIA93IA120](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/MIA93IA120.md): Piper PA-44-180 · Daytona Beach, FL · Incident · No injuries · Incident investigation · Final report · May 5, 1993 · N21427 · Minor damage
  > Fatigue failure of the drag link assembly bolt.
- [NTSB CHI93LA163](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI93LA163.md): Cessna 150J · Rice Lake, WI · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · May 5, 1993 · N61306 · Substantial damage
  > The student pilot's failure to maintain directional control of the airplane.
- [NTSB CHI93LA160](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI93LA160.md): Aerospatiale ATR-42-300 · Muskegon, MI · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · May 5, 1993 · N254AT · Substantial damage
  > The pilot-in-command's misjudging the flare.
- [NTSB CHI93LA159](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI93LA159.md): Schweizer 269C · Grand Forks, ND · Accident · Minor injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · May 5, 1993 · N7504D · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's improper use of collective in recovering from a loss of control due to ground resonance.
- [NTSB ATL93LA086](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ATL93LA086.md): Cessna 182P · Macon, GA · Accident · Serious injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · May 3, 1993 · N9911M · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's failure to attain the proper touchdown point. A factor was the pilot's failure to select another airport for landing and the intermittant runway and VASI lighting system.
- [NTSB ANC93LA058](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ANC93LA058.md): Piper PA-18 · Chugiak, AK · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · May 3, 1993 · N82231 · Substantial damage
  > The failure of the right brake due to improper installation of the brake line. Factors were the pilot's improper in flight planning/decision by not checking the brakes prior to landing, and the berm.
- [NTSB BFO93LA066](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/BFO93LA066.md): Quickie 200 · N. Kingstown, RI · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · May 2, 1993 · N687EA · Substantial damage
  > Improper flare by the pilot.
- [NTSB LAX93IA198](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX93IA198.md): Mcdonnell Douglas MD-11 · Los Angeles, CA · Incident · No injuries · Incident investigation · Final report · May 1, 1993 · N803DE · Minor damage
  > The pilot's improper flare and improper recovery from a bounced landing.
- [NTSB BFO93LA065](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/BFO93LA065.md): Cessna 152 · Turner Falls, MA · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · May 1, 1993 · N49394 · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's improper flare and improper recovery from a bounced landing.
- [NTSB LAX93LA193](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX93LA193.md): Cessna 172N · Santa Monica, CA · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Apr 29, 1993 · N401KA · Substantial damage
  > That the pilot misjudged the flare and failed to properly recover from the ensuing bounced landing. The pilot's failure to attain the proper touchdown point was a factor.
- [NTSB MIA93LA112](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/MIA93LA112.md): Piper PA-22-108 · La Belle, FL · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Apr 28, 1993 · N5712Z · Substantial damage
  > The pilot in commands failure to correct for wind conditions during landing rollout resulting in the aircraft flipping over during wind gust encounter.
- [NTSB MIA93LA111](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/MIA93LA111.md): Cessna 172P · Orlando, FL · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Apr 28, 1993 · N51202 · Substantial damage
  > The pilot-in-command's failure to compensate for wind drift while landing, resulting in the aircraft going off the side of the runway and colliding with a pond.
- [NTSB LAX93LA209](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX93LA209.md): Bell 47-G2 · Antarctica · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Apr 28, 1993 · N1437 · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's poorly planned approach.
- [NTSB LAX93LA197](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX93LA197.md): Cessna 152 · Lakeport, CA · Accident · Minor injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Apr 28, 1993 · N6273Q · Substantial damage
  > the student pilot's misjudging the landing flare altitude. A factor relating to this accident was the student pilot's lack of total experience.
- [NTSB FTW93LA140](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/FTW93LA140.md): Piper PA-18A-150 · Palacios, TX · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Apr 28, 1993 · N2880Z · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's selection of unsuitable terrain for landing. A factor was the hidden culvert.
- [NTSB ATL93FA082](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ATL93FA082.md): American AA-1A · Statesboro, GA · Accident · 2 fatal · Field investigation · Final report · Apr 28, 1993 · N9317L · 2 aircraft · Substantial damage
  > Inadequate visual lookout by the pilots of both aircraft. Factors related to the accident were: failure of the pilot of N9317L to illuminate his aircraft navigation lights, and improper radio communications by the pilot of N47WD by selecting the wrong UNICOM…
- [NTSB NYC93LA093](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/NYC93LA093.md): Robinson R22B · Murraysville, PA · Accident · Minor injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Apr 27, 1993 · N2618Z · Substantial damage
  > Failure of the pilot to maintain rotor RPM, which resulted in a hard landing and rollover. A factor related to the accident was the pilot's lack of total helicopter experience.
- [NTSB DEN93FA049](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/DEN93FA049.md): Mcdonnell Douglas DC-9-82 · Denver, CO · Accident · Minor injuries · Field investigation · Final report · Apr 27, 1993 · N72822 · Substantial damage
  > A vibration in the right main landing gear, for undetermined reasons, which resulted in collapse of the right main gear. A factor was failure of the pilot in command to ensure deployment of the ground spoilers.
- [NTSB ATL93LA083](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ATL93LA083.md): Bell 206B · Myrtle Beach, SC · Accident · Serious injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Apr 27, 1993 · N96DM · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's improper compensation for wind conditions during the approach and landing. Factors were the gusts, turbulence, and tailwind conditions at the landing site.
- [NTSB NYC93LA092](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/NYC93LA092.md): Cessna P337 · Holland, VA · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Apr 26, 1993 · N9CV · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's improper inflight planning during the approach for landing, resulting in a touchdown too FAR down the runway, and the subsequent collision with objects off the end of the runway.
- [NTSB LAX93LA187](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX93LA187.md): Piper PA-28-181 · Las Vegas, NV · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Apr 26, 1993 · N83364 · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's failure to maintain directional control of the aircraft during the touchdown. Factors in the accident were the pilot's lack of experience and his failure to maintain a balance between the wing fuel tanks.
- [NTSB DEN93LA046](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/DEN93LA046.md): Cessna 172M · Meeker, CO · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Apr 26, 1993 · N4472R · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's improper compensation for wind conditions. A factor was: gusty crosswinds.
- [NTSB LAX93LA192](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX93LA192.md): Cessna 182C · Tucson, AZ · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Apr 25, 1993 · N8813T · Substantial damage
  > The excessive approach speed and failure of the first pilot to flare the airplane properly. A factor was the failure of the second pilot to properly supervise the flight.
- [NTSB CHI93LA164](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI93LA164.md): Grumman TBM-3E · Spooner, WI · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Apr 25, 1993 · N93818 · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's failure to maintain directional control.
- [NTSB NYC93LA090](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/NYC93LA090.md): Cessna 172 · Columbus, OH · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Apr 23, 1993 · N734QF · Substantial damage
  > The improper flare by the pilot allowing the airplane to balloon and land hard. A factor in this accident was pilot's lack of recent flying experience.
- [NTSB DEN93LA045](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/DEN93LA045.md): Piper PA-18-150 · Shreveport, LA · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Apr 23, 1993 · N3917Z · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's inadequate compensation for wind conditions. The gusty crosswind was a factor.
- [NTSB ANC93LA053](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ANC93LA053.md): Cessna A185F · Goose Bay, AK · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Apr 23, 1993 · N5077G · Substantial damage
  > The instructor pilot's delay of remedial action during the simulated forced landing. Factors were the dual student's failure to maintain the proper descent rate, and his failure to attain proper alignment with the runway prior to touchdown.
- [NTSB LAX93LA188](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX93LA188.md): Aerostar AX-9 · Calistoga, CA · Accident · Serious injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Apr 22, 1993 · N63164 · No damage
  > The balloon's encounter with higher than forecast winds which resulted in a hard landing. A factor in the accident was the design of the balloon basket with a recessed area which prevented any lateral movement of the injured passenger's foot during the…
- [NTSB LAX93LA256](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX93LA256.md): Cessna 150M · Lakeport, CA · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Apr 21, 1993 · N6566G · Substantial damage
  > The student pilot's delayed flare and improper bounced landing recovery technique which resulted in an inadvertent porpoise and a collision with the runway. A factor in the accident was the student's lack of total experience.
- [NTSB FTW93LA135](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/FTW93LA135.md): Cessna 320C · No. Little Rock, AR · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Apr 21, 1993 · N3057T · Substantial damage
  > The failure of the pilot to follow the checklist. A factor was the popped circuit breaker
- [NTSB LAX93LA214](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX93LA214.md): Piper PA-28-180 · Yuma, AZ · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Apr 20, 1993 · N3656R · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's failure to maintain directional control on landing and her failure to maintain aircraft control during the attempted go around. Factors in the accident were: 1) the pilot's low total experience, 2) the fuel imbalance between the wing fuel tanks,…
- [NTSB NYC93LA085](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/NYC93LA085.md): Piper PA-28-161 · Lakewood, NJ · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Apr 18, 1993 · N3008F · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's inadequate compensation for wind conditions, and his failure to maintain directional control of the airplane, which resulted in a ground swerve and a collision with trees. The adverse wind was a related factor.

Next page: https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-phases/550/cases.md?page=333

## The whole list in SQL

Runs in DuckDB 1.2 or later on the release's Parquet files over HTTPS:

```sql
WITH phase_names(main, name) AS (VALUES (100, 'Prior to flight'), (150, 'Standing'), (200, 'Pushback/towing'), (250, 'Taxi'), (300, 'Takeoff'), (350, 'Initial climb'), (400, 'Enroute'), (450, 'Maneuvering'), (500, 'Approach'), (550, 'Landing'), (600, 'Emergency descent'), (650, 'Uncontrolled descent'), (700, 'Post-impact'), (750, 'After landing'), (800, 'Other'), (990, 'Unknown')),
  crosswalk(code, main, name) AS (VALUES (500, 150, 'Standing'), (501, 150, 'Standing - pre-flight'), (502, 150, 'Standing - starting engine(s)'), (503, 150, 'Standing - engine(s) operating'), (504, 150, 'Standing - engine(s) not operating'), (505, 150, 'Standing - idling rotors'), (510, 250, 'Taxi'), (511, 200, 'Taxi - pushback/tow'), (512, 250, 'Taxi - to takeoff'), (513, 250, 'Taxi - from landing'), (514, 250, 'Taxi - aerial'), (520, 300, 'Takeoff'), (521, 300, 'Takeoff - roll/run'), (522, 350, 'Takeoff - initial climb'), (523, 300, 'Takeoff - aborted'), (530, 400, 'Climb'), (531, 400, 'Climb - to cruise'), (540, 400, 'Cruise'), (541, 400, 'Cruise - normal'), (542, 400, 'Maneuvering - holding (IFR)'), (550, 400, 'Descent'), (551, 400, 'Descent - normal'), (552, 600, 'Descent - emergency'), (553, 650, 'Descent - uncontrolled'), (560, 500, 'Approach'), (561, 500, 'Approach - VFR pattern - downwind'), (562, 500, 'Approach - VFR pattern - base turn'), (563, 500, 'Approach - VFR pattern - base leg/base to final'), (564, 500, 'Approach - VFR pattern - final approach'), (565, 500, 'Go-around (VFR)'), (566, 500, 'Approach - IAF to FAF/outer marker (IFR)'), (567, 500, 'Approach - FAF/outer marker to threshold (IFR)'), (568, 500, 'Circling (IFR)'), (569, 500, 'Missed approach (IFR)'), (570, 550, 'Landing'), (571, 550, 'Landing - flare/touchdown'), (572, 550, 'Landing - roll'), (573, 550, 'Landing - aborted'), (574, 550, 'Emergency landing'), (575, 550, 'Emergency landing after takeoff'), (576, 600, 'Emergency descent/landing'), (580, 450, 'Maneuvering'), (581, 450, 'Maneuvering - aerial application'), (582, 450, 'Maneuvering - turn to reverse direction'), (583, 450, 'Maneuvering - turn to landing area (emergency)'), (590, 450, 'Hover'), (591, 450, 'Hover - in ground effect'), (592, 450, 'Hover - out of ground effect'), (600, 800, 'Other'), (610, 990, 'Unknown')),
  current_codes AS (
    SELECT e.case_mkey, TRY_CAST(e."tier1Number" AS INTEGER) AS code,
      row_number() OVER (PARTITION BY e.case_mkey ORDER BY coalesce(e."isDefiningEvent", false) DESC, e.position) AS n
    FROM 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_events.parquet' e
    WHERE e.aircrafts_position = 1 AND e."tier1Number" GLOB '[1-9][0-9]*'
      AND (e."isDefiningEvent" OR e.case_mkey IN (SELECT "mKey" FROM 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_case_detail.parquet' WHERE "isPre1982"))
  ),
  phases AS (
    SELECT case_mkey, 'current' AS scheme, code, CASE WHEN code >= 990 THEN 990 ELSE code // 50 * 50 END AS main
    FROM current_codes WHERE n = 1
    UNION ALL
    SELECT o.case_mkey, 'older', o."phaseOfFlightCode", w.main
    FROM 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_occurrences.parquet' o JOIN crosswalk w ON w.code = o."phaseOfFlightCode"
    WHERE o.aircrafts_position = 1 AND o."occurrenceNumber" = 1 AND o.case_mkey NOT IN (SELECT case_mkey FROM current_codes)
  ),
  case_phases AS (
    SELECT p.*, c."eventDate", c."highestInjuryLevel" = 'Fatal' AS fatal, a.aircraft_model_code
    FROM phases p JOIN 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_case_detail.parquet' c ON c."mKey" = p.case_mkey
    LEFT JOIN 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_aircrafts.parquet' a ON a.case_mkey = p.case_mkey AND a.position = 1
    WHERE c."eventDate" >= DATE '1962-01-01' AND p.main IN (SELECT main FROM phase_names)
  )
SELECT c."ntsbNumber", c."eventDate", c."eventType", c."eventCity", c."eventStateOrRegion", a.n_number, a."aircraftMake", a."aircraftModel", c."highestInjuryLevel", c."totalFatal", c."completionStatus", c.report_url
FROM 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_case_detail.parquet' c LEFT JOIN 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_aircrafts.parquet' a ON a.case_mkey = c."mKey" AND a.position = 1
WHERE c."mKey" IN (SELECT case_mkey FROM case_phases WHERE main = 550)
ORDER BY c."eventDate" DESC, c."ntsbNumber" DESC
```

This list as a web page: https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-phases/550/cases?page=332

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