# NTSB investigations: Landing

NTSB aviation accident and incident investigations since 1962: the probable cause, findings, aircraft, crew, weather and docket of each, linked to the FAA registry and the FAA’s own reports.

Page 333 of 1,075 · 53,703 cases

## Cases, newest first

- [NTSB MIA93LA108](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/MIA93LA108.md): Monocoupe 110 · Lakeland, FL · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Apr 17, 1993 · NC546W · Substantial damage
  > The excessive application of brakes during the landing roll by the PIC. Contributing to the accident was his diverted attention while observing a flagman near the runway.
- [NTSB LAX93LA179](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX93LA179.md): Cessna 320 · Mesa, AZ · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Apr 17, 1993 · N5711X · Substantial damage
  > the separation of the steering spring from the steering yoke assembly due to inadequate installation. A factor in the accident was inadequate maintenance on the aircraft.
- [NTSB ATL93LA076](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ATL93LA076.md): Cessna 180 · Jonesboro, GA · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Apr 17, 1993 · N2738K · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's abrupt and excessive swerve to avoid a deer on the runway. A factor was the strong crosswind that precluded the pilot's directional control recovery.
- [NTSB SEA93LA097](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/SEA93LA097.md): Cessna 182N · Anacortes, WA · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Apr 16, 1993 · N71131 · Substantial damage
  > The loss of control by the PIC when he selected the wrong runway, failed to attain the proper touchdown point, inadvertently stalled the acft attempting to abort the landing, and failed to maintain directional control after the aircraft mushed back onto the…
- [NTSB LAX93LA175](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX93LA175.md): Cessna 150K · Boulder City, NV · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Apr 15, 1993 · N5836G · Substantial damage
  > The instructor's inadequate bounced landing recovery and airspeed management during the attempted go around, which led to an inadvertent stall and the instructor's inadequate supervision of the flight. A factor in the accident was the instructor's low total…
- [NTSB FTW93LA130](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/FTW93LA130.md): Beech C23 · Searcy, AR · Accident · Minor injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Apr 15, 1993 · N2150W · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's improper flare and his improper recovery for a bounced landing. The crosswind and the pilot's improper compensation for the wind were factors.
- [NTSB ATL93LA073](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ATL93LA073.md): Cessna 172 · Greenville, TN · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Apr 15, 1993 · N70397 · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's improper procedures in that he landed with excessive flap extension, and his inadequate compensation for the gusting crosswind.
- [NTSB NYC93LA083](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/NYC93LA083.md): Robinson R22B · Ronkonkoma, NY · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Apr 14, 1993 · N344WA · Substantial damage
  > The lack of adequate supervision and delayed remedial action by the flight instructor. A factor related to the accident was the delay in adding power by the student pilot which resulted in a low rotor RPM condition.
- [NTSB MIA93LA102](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/MIA93LA102.md): Piper PA-28RT-201T · Boca Raton, FL · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Apr 14, 1993 · N3071N · Substantial damage
  > The failure of the pilot-in-command to maintain directional control while landing with a crosswind.
- [NTSB MIA93LA101](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/MIA93LA101.md): American AA-1 · Iuka, MS · Accident · Minor injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Apr 14, 1993 · N5607L · Destroyed
  > The pilot's improper recovery from a bounced landing and the subsequent loss of control due to a stall/mush condition. Contributing to the accident was the pilot's lack of total experience.
- [NTSB DCA93MA040](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/DCA93MA040.md): Douglas DC-10-30 · Dallas/Ft Worth, TX · Accident · Serious injuries · Class 1 · Major · Final report · Apr 14, 1993 · N139AA · Substantial damage
  > The national transportation safety board determines that the probable cause of the accident was the failure of the captain to use proper directional control techniques to maintain the airplane on the runway.
- [NTSB NYC93LA081](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/NYC93LA081.md): Piper PA-28-161 · Farmingdale, NY · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Apr 13, 1993 · N440AV · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's inadequate compensation for wind conditions and failure to maintain control of the airplane. The crosswind was a related factor.
- [NTSB LAX93LA283](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX93LA283.md): Avian Balloon Magnum IX · Phoenix, AZ · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Apr 11, 1993 · N16131 · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's inadequate planned approach to the landing area.
- [NTSB FTW93LA124](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/FTW93LA124.md): Violet Dragonfly · Carlsbad, NM · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Apr 11, 1993 · N48RV · Substantial damage
  > The improper installation of the control stick assembly and the subsequent separation of the flight control stick assembly from the mount
- [NTSB FTW93LA123](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/FTW93LA123.md): Grumman G-164 · Forrest City, AR · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Apr 11, 1993 · N7661 · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's improper landing flare. Factors were the wind conditions and pilot's failure to maintain directional control.
- [NTSB FTW93LA127](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/FTW93LA127.md): Piper PA-32-300 · Danville, AR · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Apr 10, 1993 · N4079R · Substantial damage
  > Pilot's improper crosswind correction, his loss of directional control, and improper supervision by the instructor pilot. A factor was the crosswind
- [NTSB CHI93LA138](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI93LA138.md): Cessna 172N · Towanda, KS · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Apr 10, 1993 · N6346E · Substantial damage
  > The pilot failed to adequately compensate for a gusty crosswind condition.
- [NTSB LAX93LA174](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX93LA174.md): Cessna T310R · Groveland, CA · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Apr 9, 1993 · N3532G · Substantial damage
  > Failure of the pilot to follow the airplane's checklist which resulted in an inadvertent gear up landing.
- [NTSB FTW93LA121](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/FTW93LA121.md): Cessna 150J · Waterproof, LA · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Apr 9, 1993 · N5517G · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's misjudged landing point and the excessive airspeed. A factor was the wet grass strip
- [NTSB DEN93LA040](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/DEN93LA040.md): Maule M-6-235 · Englewood, CO · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Apr 9, 1993 · N56509 · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's improper compensation for wind conditions and his failure to maintain directional control. Factors were: a crosswind and tailwind component.
- [NTSB NYC93LA073](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/NYC93LA073.md): Beech B19 · Old Bridge, NJ · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Apr 8, 1993 · N6986R · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's improper flare and improper recovery from a bounced landing, which resulted in overload failure of the nose gear.
- [NTSB LAX93LA168](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX93LA168.md): Cessna 152 · San Carlos, CA · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Apr 8, 1993 · N89022 · Substantial damage
  > The cfi's inadequate supervision of the flight and delaying the remedial action. The dual student's improper use of the brakes is a factor in this accident.
- [NTSB NYC93LA074](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/NYC93LA074.md): Piper PA-28-180 · Pawtucket, RI · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Apr 7, 1993 · N3866R · 2 aircraft · Minor damage
  > The failure of both pilots to see and avoid, resulting in a ground collision between their two airplanes.
- [NTSB NYC93LA071](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/NYC93LA071.md): Cessna 177B · Brookville, OH · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Apr 7, 1993 · N11828 · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's failure to maintain directional control. Contributing was the lack of recency of experience.
- [NTSB LAX93LA163](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX93LA163.md): Cessna 177RG · Imperial, CA · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Apr 3, 1993 · N34205 · Substantial damage
  > The flight's encounter with a dust devil.
- [NTSB ATL93LA069](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ATL93LA069.md): John Thomason Laco 145 · Tuskegee, AL · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Apr 3, 1993 · N89ST · Substantial damage
  > The overload failure of the tail wheel leaf springs, which resulted in a loss of directional control during the landing roll.
- [NTSB SEA93LA086](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/SEA93LA086.md): Boeing D75N1 · Davenport, WA · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Apr 1, 1993 · N56426 · Substantial damage
  > Unsuitable terrain was selected for landing. A factor to the accident was: soft terrain.
- [NTSB CHI93LA151](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI93LA151.md): Piper PA-20 · Lapeer, MI · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Mar 30, 1993 · N7732K · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's failure to maintain directional control during the landing roll.
- [NTSB DEN93IA050](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/DEN93IA050.md): Piper PA-34-200 · Boulder, CO · Incident · No injuries · Incident investigation · Final report · Mar 27, 1993 · N4519T · Minor damage
  > Not determined.
- [NTSB ATL93LA065](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ATL93LA065.md): Hiller UH12E · Greeleyville, SC · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Mar 25, 1993 · N4029Z · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's misjudgment of the helicopter's altitude during the landing flare.
- [NTSB MIA93LA092](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/MIA93LA092.md): Piper PA-28R-200 · Walls, MS · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Mar 24, 1993 · N55919 · Substantial damage
  > The pilot-in-command's delay in aborting the landing.
- [NTSB ATL93LA063](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ATL93LA063.md): Beech 58 · Blountville, TN · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Mar 24, 1993 · N8555R · Substantial damage
  > The intentional operation of the aircraft with a partial failure of the brake system and the failure of the pilot to attain the proper touchdown point. Factors in the accident were the sunglare and the partial loss of the aircraft brake system.
- [NTSB NYC93IA065](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/NYC93IA065.md): Boeing 727-100 · Newark, NJ · Incident · No injuries · Incident investigation · Final report · Mar 23, 1993 · N107FE · No damage
  > The pilot's misunderstanding of landing runway, and the failure of the local controller to adequately monitor the progress of the flight. Factors which contributed to the incident were: the failure of tower personnel to notify TRACON of the ATIS change, the…
- [NTSB BFO93LA056](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/BFO93LA056.md): Cessna 177RG · Corry, PA · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Mar 23, 1993 · N7747V · Substantial damage
  > Failure of the pilot to maintain runway alignment during the landing roll. Factors related to the accident were: darkness, the pilot's lack of visual cues due to the runway lights being obscured by the plowed snow, and failure of airport personnel to issue a…
- [NTSB MIA93LA089](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/MIA93LA089.md): Cessna 152 · La Belle, FL · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Mar 22, 1993 · N94187 · Substantial damage
  > Improper in-flight planning/decision by the student pilot, and inadequate supervision of the flight by the instructor pilot (CFI). Factors related to the accident were: the tailwind, and the student pilot's improper flare and transition to an aborted landing,…
- [NTSB FTW93LA110](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/FTW93LA110.md): Luscombe 8E · Abbeville, LA · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Mar 20, 1993 · N1337B · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's failure to compensate for crosswind conditions and the subsequent loss of directional control. Factors were the gusting crosswinds and the soft wet ground
- [NTSB CHI93LA116](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI93LA116.md): Piper PA-32-300 · Demotte, IN · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Mar 20, 1993 · N8655N · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's poor planned approach to the runway.
- [NTSB LAX93LA155](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX93LA155.md): Cessna 152 · Chandler, AZ · Accident · Minor injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Mar 19, 1993 · N89681 · Substantial damage
  > The student pilot's failure to maintain directional control of the aircraft and his improper remedial action to correct the situation. A factor in the accident was the student's lack of total experience.
- [NTSB SEA93LA079](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/SEA93LA079.md): Cessna 177 · Buena, WA · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Mar 18, 1993 · N2899X · Destroyed
  > The pilot in command's failure to maintain directional control. Factors contributing to the accident were crosswinds and the fence.
- [NTSB BFO93LA058](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/BFO93LA058.md): Learjet 35 · Teterboro, NJ · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Mar 18, 1993 · N304AF · Substantial damage
  > Improper planning or decision by the pilot in command (PIC). Factors related to the accident were: darkness, the adverse weather conditions, and the runway/terrain condition.
- [NTSB CHI93LA113](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI93LA113.md): Piper PA-38-112 · Mason, MI · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Mar 17, 1993 · N2440T · Substantial damage
  > The pilot-in-command's failure to maintain directional control.
- [NTSB CHI93IA110](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI93IA110.md): Fokker 100 · Chicago, IL · Incident · No injuries · Incident investigation · Final report · Mar 13, 1993 · N895US · Minor damage
  > Failure of the company station manager to follow proper dispatch procedures, and ice accumulation on the nose gear locking mechanism. Factors related to the incident were: wet snow (slush) on the runway at the departure airport, and inadequate design which…
- [NTSB SEA93LA077](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/SEA93LA077.md): Piper PA-38 · Burley, ID · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Mar 12, 1993 · N2438L · Substantial damage
  > Landing on the wrong runway and an improper touchdown. Lack of total experience in type of operation was a factor.
- [NTSB LAX93LA147](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX93LA147.md): Robinson R-22 Beta · Folsom, CA · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Mar 12, 1993 · N4072T · Substantial damage
  > The student pilot's excessive rate of descent during a approach for landing, improper remedial action to arrest the rate of descent, and a failure to maintain proper main rotor RPM. The student pilot's lack of total aeronautical experience was a factor in…
- [NTSB LAX93LA146](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX93LA146.md): Piper PA-34-200T · Avalon, CA · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Mar 11, 1993 · N1808H · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's poorly planned approach, excessive airspeed, and failure to attain the proper touchdown point. The pilot's lack of familiarity with the airport is a factor in this accident.
- [NTSB FTW93LA101](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/FTW93LA101.md): Grumman G-164 · Goodwin, AR · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Mar 11, 1993 · N634U · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's failure to compensate for the crosswind. A factor was the crosswind.
- [NTSB ANC93LA042](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ANC93LA042.md): Cessna 180J · Anchorage, AK · Accident · Minor injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Mar 9, 1993 · N9977N · Substantial damage
  > The failure of the private certificated/dual student pilot to maintain directional control. A factor in the accident was the failure of the flight instructor/pilot in command to take timely remedial action.
- [NTSB SEA93LA099](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/SEA93LA099.md): Cessna 172K · Ogden, UT · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Mar 8, 1993 · N1628C · Substantial damage
  > The pilot in command's failure to maintain directional control. Factors contributing to the accident were soft terrain, excessive airspeed, and crosswinds.
- [NTSB FTW93LA113](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/FTW93LA113.md): Piper PA-18 · Marshall, AR · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Mar 8, 1993 · N8696D · Substantial damage
  > The pilots failure to maintain directional control. A factor was the fence post.
- [NTSB FTW93LA099](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/FTW93LA099.md): Cessna 180J · Albuquerque, NM · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Mar 8, 1993 · N7770K · Substantial damage
  > Aircraft control not maintained by the pilot. A factor was vibration in the tailwheel for undetermined reasons.

Next page: https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-phases/550/cases.md?page=334

## The whole list in SQL

Runs in DuckDB 1.2 or later on the release's Parquet files over HTTPS:

```sql
WITH phase_names(main, name) AS (VALUES (100, 'Prior to flight'), (150, 'Standing'), (200, 'Pushback/towing'), (250, 'Taxi'), (300, 'Takeoff'), (350, 'Initial climb'), (400, 'Enroute'), (450, 'Maneuvering'), (500, 'Approach'), (550, 'Landing'), (600, 'Emergency descent'), (650, 'Uncontrolled descent'), (700, 'Post-impact'), (750, 'After landing'), (800, 'Other'), (990, 'Unknown')),
  crosswalk(code, main, name) AS (VALUES (500, 150, 'Standing'), (501, 150, 'Standing - pre-flight'), (502, 150, 'Standing - starting engine(s)'), (503, 150, 'Standing - engine(s) operating'), (504, 150, 'Standing - engine(s) not operating'), (505, 150, 'Standing - idling rotors'), (510, 250, 'Taxi'), (511, 200, 'Taxi - pushback/tow'), (512, 250, 'Taxi - to takeoff'), (513, 250, 'Taxi - from landing'), (514, 250, 'Taxi - aerial'), (520, 300, 'Takeoff'), (521, 300, 'Takeoff - roll/run'), (522, 350, 'Takeoff - initial climb'), (523, 300, 'Takeoff - aborted'), (530, 400, 'Climb'), (531, 400, 'Climb - to cruise'), (540, 400, 'Cruise'), (541, 400, 'Cruise - normal'), (542, 400, 'Maneuvering - holding (IFR)'), (550, 400, 'Descent'), (551, 400, 'Descent - normal'), (552, 600, 'Descent - emergency'), (553, 650, 'Descent - uncontrolled'), (560, 500, 'Approach'), (561, 500, 'Approach - VFR pattern - downwind'), (562, 500, 'Approach - VFR pattern - base turn'), (563, 500, 'Approach - VFR pattern - base leg/base to final'), (564, 500, 'Approach - VFR pattern - final approach'), (565, 500, 'Go-around (VFR)'), (566, 500, 'Approach - IAF to FAF/outer marker (IFR)'), (567, 500, 'Approach - FAF/outer marker to threshold (IFR)'), (568, 500, 'Circling (IFR)'), (569, 500, 'Missed approach (IFR)'), (570, 550, 'Landing'), (571, 550, 'Landing - flare/touchdown'), (572, 550, 'Landing - roll'), (573, 550, 'Landing - aborted'), (574, 550, 'Emergency landing'), (575, 550, 'Emergency landing after takeoff'), (576, 600, 'Emergency descent/landing'), (580, 450, 'Maneuvering'), (581, 450, 'Maneuvering - aerial application'), (582, 450, 'Maneuvering - turn to reverse direction'), (583, 450, 'Maneuvering - turn to landing area (emergency)'), (590, 450, 'Hover'), (591, 450, 'Hover - in ground effect'), (592, 450, 'Hover - out of ground effect'), (600, 800, 'Other'), (610, 990, 'Unknown')),
  current_codes AS (
    SELECT e.case_mkey, TRY_CAST(e."tier1Number" AS INTEGER) AS code,
      row_number() OVER (PARTITION BY e.case_mkey ORDER BY coalesce(e."isDefiningEvent", false) DESC, e.position) AS n
    FROM 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_events.parquet' e
    WHERE e.aircrafts_position = 1 AND e."tier1Number" GLOB '[1-9][0-9]*'
      AND (e."isDefiningEvent" OR e.case_mkey IN (SELECT "mKey" FROM 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_case_detail.parquet' WHERE "isPre1982"))
  ),
  phases AS (
    SELECT case_mkey, 'current' AS scheme, code, CASE WHEN code >= 990 THEN 990 ELSE code // 50 * 50 END AS main
    FROM current_codes WHERE n = 1
    UNION ALL
    SELECT o.case_mkey, 'older', o."phaseOfFlightCode", w.main
    FROM 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_occurrences.parquet' o JOIN crosswalk w ON w.code = o."phaseOfFlightCode"
    WHERE o.aircrafts_position = 1 AND o."occurrenceNumber" = 1 AND o.case_mkey NOT IN (SELECT case_mkey FROM current_codes)
  ),
  case_phases AS (
    SELECT p.*, c."eventDate", c."highestInjuryLevel" = 'Fatal' AS fatal, a.aircraft_model_code
    FROM phases p JOIN 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_case_detail.parquet' c ON c."mKey" = p.case_mkey
    LEFT JOIN 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_aircrafts.parquet' a ON a.case_mkey = p.case_mkey AND a.position = 1
    WHERE c."eventDate" >= DATE '1962-01-01' AND p.main IN (SELECT main FROM phase_names)
  )
SELECT c."ntsbNumber", c."eventDate", c."eventType", c."eventCity", c."eventStateOrRegion", a.n_number, a."aircraftMake", a."aircraftModel", c."highestInjuryLevel", c."totalFatal", c."completionStatus", c.report_url
FROM 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_case_detail.parquet' c LEFT JOIN 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_aircrafts.parquet' a ON a.case_mkey = c."mKey" AND a.position = 1
WHERE c."mKey" IN (SELECT case_mkey FROM case_phases WHERE main = 550)
ORDER BY c."eventDate" DESC, c."ntsbNumber" DESC
```

This list as a web page: https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-phases/550/cases?page=333

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