# NTSB investigations: Landing

NTSB aviation accident and incident investigations since 1962: the probable cause, findings, aircraft, crew, weather and docket of each, linked to the FAA registry and the FAA’s own reports.

Page 334 of 1,075 · 53,703 cases

## Cases, newest first

- [NTSB CHI93LA106](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI93LA106.md): Beech A23-19 · Farmington, MO · Accident · Minor injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Mar 8, 1993 · N6908Q · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's failure to maintain aircraft control.
- [NTSB LAX93LA142](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX93LA142.md): Champion 7EC · Riverside, CA · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Mar 7, 1993 · N9099B · Substantial damage
  > The cfi's inadequate supervision of the flight, the dual student's failure to maintain directional control and improper use of the normal brakes. Contributing to this accident was the dual student's improper use of the rudder.
- [NTSB FTW93LA098](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/FTW93LA098.md): Cessna 177 · Overbrook, OK · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Mar 7, 1993 · N3103T · Destroyed
  > The pilot's improper compensation for wind conditions and his failure to recover from a bounced landing. A factor was turbulence
- [NTSB MIA93LA081](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/MIA93LA081.md): Root, Arthur T. Delta Dyke JD-2 · Sebastian, FL · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Mar 6, 1993 · N641AR · Substantial damage
  > The pilot-in-command's improper flare and recovery from a bounced landing, resulting in a hard landing which caused landing gear failure. Contributing to the accident was the pilot's lack of total flight time and flight time in the make and model.
- [NTSB CHI93LA105](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI93LA105.md): Cessna 172M · Romeo, MI · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Mar 6, 1993 · N20043 · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's failure to maintain directional control.
- [NTSB CHI93LA101](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI93LA101.md): Beech 200 · Chesterfield, MO · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Mar 3, 1993 · N7257T · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's failure to maintain directional control after encountering whiteout conditions in the landing flare.
- [NTSB BFO93LA041](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/BFO93LA041.md): Cessna 152 · New Cumberland, PA · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Mar 3, 1993 · N4705Q · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's failure to maintain directional control during the landing roll. Contributing to the accident was the tailwind and the student pilot's lack of total experience.
- [NTSB BFO93LA039](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/BFO93LA039.md): Cessna 335 · Owensboro, KY · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Mar 3, 1993 · N26CP · Substantial damage
  > Failure of airport personnel to report the runway condition by NOTAM when airport snow removal personnel left snow piled on the edges of the runway. Factors related to the accident were: dark night, fog, and the snowbank.
- [NTSB CHI93LA108](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI93LA108.md): Cessna 150M · Aurora, MO · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Mar 2, 1993 · N704RS · Substantial damage
  > The pilot-in-command's failure to maintain directional control.
- [NTSB DEN93LA029](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/DEN93LA029.md): Cessna 172N · Broomfield, CO · Accident · Minor injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Mar 1, 1993 · N4908G · Destroyed
  > Rudder control interference.
- [NTSB BFO93LA037](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/BFO93LA037.md): Cessna 182Q · Gettysburg, PA · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Mar 1, 1993 · N95747 · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's inadequate in-flight decision to land on the snow covered runway that was not currently maintained. Contributing to the pilot's decision was the inadequate report of the runway's condition.
- [NTSB SEA93LA068](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/SEA93LA068.md): Piper PA-18-150 · Winnett, MT · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Feb 28, 1993 · N789FG · Substantial damage
  > The student pilot's failure to maintain directional control. Factors contributing to the accident were the snowbank and lack of total experience in type operation.
- [NTSB DEN93LA028](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/DEN93LA028.md): Maule M-5-220C · Englewood, CO · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Feb 28, 1993 · N16CB · Substantial damage
  > Failure by the pilot to maintain control of the aircraft. A factor was: lack of experience in type of aircraft.
- [NTSB CHI93LA100](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI93LA100.md): Luscombe 8A · Mason City, IA · Accident · Serious injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Feb 28, 1993 · N2611K · Substantial damage
  > Excessive braking by the dual student.
- [NTSB BFO93LA040](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/BFO93LA040.md): Piper PA-28-161 · Napoleon, OH · Accident · Minor injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Feb 28, 1993 · N5220W · Substantial damage
  > The intentional stall resulting in a hard landing. Contributing to the accident was the premature flare which led to an exceeded proper touchdown point and the student pilot's lack of overall experience.
- [NTSB CHI93LA098](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI93LA098.md): Cessna 172M · Grain Valley, MO · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Feb 27, 1993 · N64425 · Substantial damage
  > The student pilot's improper recovery from a bounced landing and failure to maintain directional control.
- [NTSB CHI93LA112](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI93LA112.md): Taylorcraft BC12-D · Brainerd, MN · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Feb 26, 1993 · N44109 · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's improper flare which resulted in a bounced, hard landing and the subsequent loss of directional control.
- [NTSB CHI93LA096](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI93LA096.md): Cessna 172K · Jackson, MI · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Feb 25, 1993 · N46460 · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's failure to maintain directional control.
- [NTSB CHI93LA095](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI93LA095.md): Cessna 150M · Canton, MI · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Feb 25, 1993 · N9297U · Substantial damage
  > The student pilot's failure to maintain directional control.
- [NTSB LAX93LA137](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX93LA137.md): Beech A36 · Santa Ana, CA · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Feb 24, 1993 · N43Y · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's inadequate compensation for the existing wind conditions and his failure to maintain an adequate approach reference airspeed. Factors in the accident were the pilot's low experience in the aircraft.
- [NTSB FTW93LA089](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/FTW93LA089.md): Grumman G-164B · Indian Village, LA · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Feb 22, 1993 · N48455 · Substantial damage
  > Landing performed short of the runway threshold. Factor was wet grassy terrain
- [NTSB CHI93LA092](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI93LA092.md): Cessna 185F · Bridgeport, NE · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Feb 21, 1993 · N252W · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's failure to maintain proper runway alignment during the landing roll.
- [NTSB LAX93LA128](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX93LA128.md): Bellanca 7ECA · Palo Alto, CA · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Feb 20, 1993 · N5506C · Substantial damage
  > The pilots inadequate compensation for the existing crosswind condition and his resultant loss of directional control.
- [NTSB LAX93LA127](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX93LA127.md): Piper PA-28-161 · Bakersfield, CA · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Feb 20, 1993 · N9750K · Substantial damage
  > The overload failure of the right main landing gear strut attach bolts due to a hard landing. The hard landing was the result of the student misjudging the landing flare, and, the inadequate supervision of the flight by the flight instructor.
- [NTSB BFO93LA031](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/BFO93LA031.md): Piper PA-32-260 · Hudson, NY · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Feb 20, 1993 · N999HF · Substantial damage
  > Failure of the pilot to maintain directional control, which resulted in an advertent ground swerve. The snowbank was a related factor.
- [NTSB ANC93LA036](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ANC93LA036.md): Maule M5 · Chena Hot Sprng, AK · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Feb 20, 1993 · N9176E · Substantial damage
  > The total failure of the landing gear axle as a result of a pre existing fracture in the axle.
- [NTSB BFO93LA028](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/BFO93LA028.md): Piper PA-31T1 · Pittsfield, ME · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Feb 19, 1993 · N6192A · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's inadequate inflight decision to continue a landing without runway lights, and his delay in initiating a go-around. A related factor was the pilot's over confidence in his ability.
- [NTSB FTW93LA088](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/FTW93LA088.md): Cessna 340A · Clovis, NM · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Feb 18, 1993 · N2666J · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's failure to execute a go around. Factors were the tailwind, the icy runway conditions and the pilot's improper touchdown point
- [NTSB CHI93LA091](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI93LA091.md): Beech 77 · Evansville, IN · Accident · Minor injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Feb 18, 1993 · N3733B · Substantial damage
  > The partial failure of the normal brake system.
- [NTSB SEA93LA066](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/SEA93LA066.md): Cessna 120 · Battleground, WA · Accident · Serious injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Feb 16, 1993 · N2100V · Destroyed
  > The pilot in command's allowing the aircraft to enter a stall/spin condition. Factors contributing to the accident were a tailwind, power lines and trees.
- [NTSB LAX93LA123](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX93LA123.md): Cessna 152 · Galt, CA · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Feb 16, 1993 · N67615 · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's inadequate compensation for the existing crosswind conditions and his failure to maintain directional control of the aircraft. A factor in the accident was the pilot's limited total flight experience.
- [NTSB LAX93LA121](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX93LA121.md): Beech C35 · Susanville, CA · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Feb 16, 1993 · N1844D · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's poorly planned approach. Contributing to this accident was the pilot's misjudging his distance and altitude and the prevailing light snow conditions.
- [NTSB LAX93LA122](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX93LA122.md): Cessna 182E · Corning, CA · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Feb 15, 1993 · N9300X · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's poor preflight inspection. Factors relating to this accident were the not properly secured oil cap and the oil covered windshield.
- [NTSB FTW93LA086](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/FTW93LA086.md): H. Raymond Busby Mustang II · Arlington, TX · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Feb 14, 1993 · N80RH · Destroyed
  > The pilot's failure to attain the proper touchdown point and his delay in initiating the aborted landing. A factor was the wet runway and deteriorated braking action
- [NTSB BFO93IA026](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/BFO93IA026.md): Boeing 737-130 · Portland, ME · Incident · No injuries · Incident investigation · Final report · Feb 13, 1993 · N403PE · No damage
  > The pilot in command's excessive airspeed during approach, and his failure to follow the proper braking procedures during landing as per company training. Factors contributing to the accident include a tailwind and a wet, downhill runway.
- [NTSB LAX93LA116](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX93LA116.md): Cessna 210 · Fullerton, CA · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Feb 12, 1993 · N9668T · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's failure to follow the checklist. A factor relating to this accident was the misadjustment of the landing gear locking mechanism which caused intermittent operation.
- [NTSB FTW93LA084](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/FTW93LA084.md): Piper PA-23-250 · Ruston, LA · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Feb 11, 1993 · N6290Y · Substantial damage
  > Failure at a hydraulic fitting, which resulted in a hydraulic leak, loss of hydraulic fluid, and subsequent loss of braking action during the landing roll.
- [NTSB BFO93LA025](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/BFO93LA025.md): Cessna 172RG · White Plains, NY · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Feb 10, 1993 · N6433V · Substantial damage
  > The collapse of the left main landing gear for an undetermined reason.
- [NTSB MIA93LA066](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/MIA93LA066.md): Cessna 172K · Plymouth, FL · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Feb 9, 1993 · N79563 · Substantial damage
  > Undetected damage to the right main gear brake line which developed a leak and resulted in failure of the brake. The pilot was unable to maintain directional control, or stop the aircraft, prior to colliding with aircraft parked to the side of the runway.
- [NTSB CHI93LA089](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI93LA089.md): Piper PA-28R-200 · Lincoln, NE · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Feb 7, 1993 · N1253T · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's failure to attain the proper touchdown point and failure to abort the landing. The wet, grass landing area was a factor.
- [NTSB MIA93LA063](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/MIA93LA063.md): Bates Barracuda I · Bay St. Louis, MS · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Feb 6, 1993 · N852DH · Destroyed
  > Undetermined due to the destruction of the airplane after the gear collapsed on landing.
- [NTSB CHI93LA088](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI93LA088.md): Piper PA-28-235 · Lafayette, IN · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Feb 6, 1993 · N8784W · Substantial damage
  > The pilot-in-command's decision to initiate flight into known icing conditions which resulted in an accummulation of airframe ice. The icing conditions and the pilot's disregard of the weather advisory were factors.
- [NTSB ATL93LA057](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ATL93LA057.md): Cessna 152 · Fuquay-Varina, NC · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Feb 5, 1993 · N49945 · Substantial damage
  > The student pilot's failure to judge a proper touchdown point, and his failure to maintain directional control after landing. A factor was the pilot's lack of total experience.
- [NTSB SEA93LA062](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/SEA93LA062.md): Cessna 185E · North Bend, OR · Accident · Minor injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Feb 4, 1993 · N5849J · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's failure to maintain directional control, and inadequate remedial action. Factors include a poor inflight decision, and gusty crosswinds.
- [NTSB NYC93LA063](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/NYC93LA063.md): Cessna 172M · Valley Point, WV · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Feb 4, 1993 · N9839V · Substantial damage
  > The failure of the pilot to make a rejected landing when the airplane failed to decelerate properly. A factor related to the accident was the failure of the pilot to close the throttle upon touchdown.
- [NTSB SEA93LA061](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/SEA93LA061.md): Champion 7ECA · Medford, OR · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Feb 2, 1993 · N11096 · Substantial damage
  > Movement of the tailwheel assembly was restricted. Improper maintenance was a factor.
- [NTSB CHI93LA086](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI93LA086.md): Cessna 152 · Pontiac, MI · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Feb 2, 1993 · N68155 · Substantial damage
  > Failure of the student pilot to maintain directional control.
- [NTSB CHI93LA084](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI93LA084.md): Piper PA-12 · White Bear Lake, MN · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Feb 2, 1993 · N3854M · Substantial damage
  > The pilot selected unsuitable terrain for landing. The snow covered runway was a factor.
- [NTSB FTW93LA079](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/FTW93LA079.md): Cessna 150M · Bowie, TX · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Feb 1, 1993 · N9199U · Substantial damage
  > The student pilot's inadequate compensation for the gusty crosswind, and his improper decision to attempt a takeoff after touching down off the runway surface. Factors which contributed to the accident was the gusting wind condition and the high grass.
- [NTSB CHI93LA082](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI93LA082.md): Cessna 140 · Warren, MN · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Feb 1, 1993 · N3571V · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's inadequate compensation for variable wind conditions during landing. The crosswind was a factor.

Next page: https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-phases/550/cases.md?page=335

## The whole list in SQL

Runs in DuckDB 1.2 or later on the release's Parquet files over HTTPS:

```sql
WITH phase_names(main, name) AS (VALUES (100, 'Prior to flight'), (150, 'Standing'), (200, 'Pushback/towing'), (250, 'Taxi'), (300, 'Takeoff'), (350, 'Initial climb'), (400, 'Enroute'), (450, 'Maneuvering'), (500, 'Approach'), (550, 'Landing'), (600, 'Emergency descent'), (650, 'Uncontrolled descent'), (700, 'Post-impact'), (750, 'After landing'), (800, 'Other'), (990, 'Unknown')),
  crosswalk(code, main, name) AS (VALUES (500, 150, 'Standing'), (501, 150, 'Standing - pre-flight'), (502, 150, 'Standing - starting engine(s)'), (503, 150, 'Standing - engine(s) operating'), (504, 150, 'Standing - engine(s) not operating'), (505, 150, 'Standing - idling rotors'), (510, 250, 'Taxi'), (511, 200, 'Taxi - pushback/tow'), (512, 250, 'Taxi - to takeoff'), (513, 250, 'Taxi - from landing'), (514, 250, 'Taxi - aerial'), (520, 300, 'Takeoff'), (521, 300, 'Takeoff - roll/run'), (522, 350, 'Takeoff - initial climb'), (523, 300, 'Takeoff - aborted'), (530, 400, 'Climb'), (531, 400, 'Climb - to cruise'), (540, 400, 'Cruise'), (541, 400, 'Cruise - normal'), (542, 400, 'Maneuvering - holding (IFR)'), (550, 400, 'Descent'), (551, 400, 'Descent - normal'), (552, 600, 'Descent - emergency'), (553, 650, 'Descent - uncontrolled'), (560, 500, 'Approach'), (561, 500, 'Approach - VFR pattern - downwind'), (562, 500, 'Approach - VFR pattern - base turn'), (563, 500, 'Approach - VFR pattern - base leg/base to final'), (564, 500, 'Approach - VFR pattern - final approach'), (565, 500, 'Go-around (VFR)'), (566, 500, 'Approach - IAF to FAF/outer marker (IFR)'), (567, 500, 'Approach - FAF/outer marker to threshold (IFR)'), (568, 500, 'Circling (IFR)'), (569, 500, 'Missed approach (IFR)'), (570, 550, 'Landing'), (571, 550, 'Landing - flare/touchdown'), (572, 550, 'Landing - roll'), (573, 550, 'Landing - aborted'), (574, 550, 'Emergency landing'), (575, 550, 'Emergency landing after takeoff'), (576, 600, 'Emergency descent/landing'), (580, 450, 'Maneuvering'), (581, 450, 'Maneuvering - aerial application'), (582, 450, 'Maneuvering - turn to reverse direction'), (583, 450, 'Maneuvering - turn to landing area (emergency)'), (590, 450, 'Hover'), (591, 450, 'Hover - in ground effect'), (592, 450, 'Hover - out of ground effect'), (600, 800, 'Other'), (610, 990, 'Unknown')),
  current_codes AS (
    SELECT e.case_mkey, TRY_CAST(e."tier1Number" AS INTEGER) AS code,
      row_number() OVER (PARTITION BY e.case_mkey ORDER BY coalesce(e."isDefiningEvent", false) DESC, e.position) AS n
    FROM 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_events.parquet' e
    WHERE e.aircrafts_position = 1 AND e."tier1Number" GLOB '[1-9][0-9]*'
      AND (e."isDefiningEvent" OR e.case_mkey IN (SELECT "mKey" FROM 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_case_detail.parquet' WHERE "isPre1982"))
  ),
  phases AS (
    SELECT case_mkey, 'current' AS scheme, code, CASE WHEN code >= 990 THEN 990 ELSE code // 50 * 50 END AS main
    FROM current_codes WHERE n = 1
    UNION ALL
    SELECT o.case_mkey, 'older', o."phaseOfFlightCode", w.main
    FROM 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_occurrences.parquet' o JOIN crosswalk w ON w.code = o."phaseOfFlightCode"
    WHERE o.aircrafts_position = 1 AND o."occurrenceNumber" = 1 AND o.case_mkey NOT IN (SELECT case_mkey FROM current_codes)
  ),
  case_phases AS (
    SELECT p.*, c."eventDate", c."highestInjuryLevel" = 'Fatal' AS fatal, a.aircraft_model_code
    FROM phases p JOIN 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_case_detail.parquet' c ON c."mKey" = p.case_mkey
    LEFT JOIN 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_aircrafts.parquet' a ON a.case_mkey = p.case_mkey AND a.position = 1
    WHERE c."eventDate" >= DATE '1962-01-01' AND p.main IN (SELECT main FROM phase_names)
  )
SELECT c."ntsbNumber", c."eventDate", c."eventType", c."eventCity", c."eventStateOrRegion", a.n_number, a."aircraftMake", a."aircraftModel", c."highestInjuryLevel", c."totalFatal", c."completionStatus", c.report_url
FROM 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_case_detail.parquet' c LEFT JOIN 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_aircrafts.parquet' a ON a.case_mkey = c."mKey" AND a.position = 1
WHERE c."mKey" IN (SELECT case_mkey FROM case_phases WHERE main = 550)
ORDER BY c."eventDate" DESC, c."ntsbNumber" DESC
```

This list as a web page: https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-phases/550/cases?page=334

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