# NTSB investigations: Landing

NTSB aviation accident and incident investigations since 1962: the probable cause, findings, aircraft, crew, weather and docket of each, linked to the FAA registry and the FAA’s own reports.

Page 335 of 1,075 · 53,703 cases

## Cases, newest first

- [NTSB SEA93LA058](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/SEA93LA058.md): Boeing A75N1 · Bend, OR · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jan 31, 1993 · N56843 · Substantial damage
  > Directional control not maintained and ground loop/swerve not corrected by the pilot in command.
- [NTSB LAX93LA108](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX93LA108.md): Cessna 210D · Douglas, AZ · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jan 31, 1993 · N3980Y · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's selection of the wrong runway based on inaccurate wind information.
- [NTSB LAX93LA296](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX93LA296.md): Thunder and Colt Colt 160A · Chandler, AZ · Accident · Serious injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jan 30, 1993 · N128TC · No damage
  > The pilot's failure to adequately evaluate the weather conditions and subsequent uncontrolled touchdown resulting in a hard landing. Gusty wind conditions were a factor in the accident.
- [NTSB CHI93LA080](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI93LA080.md): Cessna 172D · Slayton, MN · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jan 30, 1993 · N2440U · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's inadequate compensation for the crosswind condition. The crosswind was a factor.
- [NTSB SEA93LA065](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/SEA93LA065.md): Cessna 182C · Huntington, UT · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jan 29, 1993 · N8540T · Substantial damage
  > The improper in flt decision by the pilot in command to land on an airstrip unsuitable for landing. A factor relating to the accident was the soft snow covering the airstrip.
- [NTSB CHI93LA081](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI93LA081.md): Piper PA-22 · South St. Paul, MN · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jan 29, 1993 · N2375P · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's inadequate compensation for the existing crosswind condition. The crosswind was a factor.
- [NTSB NYC93LA058](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/NYC93LA058.md): Cessna 172M · Bedford, PA · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jan 27, 1993 · N5262H · Substantial damage
  > The pilot attempted to land in a cross wind, lost control of the airplane, landed off the runway, swerved towards a hanger after going threw a snow bank resulting in the left wing striking the hanger.
- [NTSB FTW93LA076](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/FTW93LA076.md): Cessna 150L · Fort Worth, TX · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jan 27, 1993 · N5414Q · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's failure to maintain directional control. A factor was the crosswind
- [NTSB LAX93LA106](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX93LA106.md): Eagle C-7 · San Juan Bautis, CA · Accident · Serious injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jan 24, 1993 · N7000J · No damage
  > The pilot's inadequate inflight planning and the unfavorable winds.
- [NTSB NYC93LA055](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/NYC93LA055.md): Cessna 172P · Teterboro, NJ · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jan 23, 1993 · N52491 · Substantial damage
  > The failure of the pilot to maintain directional control during landing which resulted in the airplane departing the runway and nosing over. Factors related to the accident were the crosswind and the soft terrain encountered by the airplane.
- [NTSB MIA93LA053](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/MIA93LA053.md): Cessna 150M · Gainesville, FL · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jan 23, 1993 · N714RG · Substantial damage
  > Poor in-flight planning decision by the student pilot. Contributing to the accident was his apprehension and lack of total experience in the type of operation.
- [NTSB FTW93LA075](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/FTW93LA075.md): North American AT-6D · Fort Worth, TX · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jan 23, 1993 · N101NZ · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's failure to compensate for the crosswind. A factor was the crosswind.
- [NTSB DEN93LA023](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/DEN93LA023.md): Cessna 310L · Greeley, CO · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jan 23, 1993 · N3303X · Substantial damage
  > Poor in flight planning and decision making by the flight instructor in allowing the student to progress to a point where a safe flight regimen could not be maintained. A factor was: the dual students failure to maintain control of the aircraft.
- [NTSB CHI93LA076](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI93LA076.md): Piper PA-28RT-201 · Streator, IL · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jan 23, 1993 · N2248X · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's failure to perform a go-around. The tailwind and the pilot's selection of the downwind runway were factor.
- [NTSB LAX93LA105](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX93LA105.md): Beech 58P · Pacoima, CA · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jan 22, 1993 · N4458S · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's poorly planned approach, his use of an excessive airspeed on final approach and his improper use of the brakes. A factor in the accident was his limited experience in both multi engine and in the accident aircraft.
- [NTSB LAX93LA098](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX93LA098.md): Grumman G-164A · Lost Hills, CA · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jan 22, 1993 · N6654 · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's inability to maintain directional control during the landing roll out due to a binding left brake master cylinder.
- [NTSB MIA93LA050](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/MIA93LA050.md): Bell 206B-III · Lantana, FL · Accident · Minor injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jan 17, 1993 · N117TV · Substantial damage
  > The pilot-in-command's failure to assure that the helicopter was properly positioned on the landing platform.
- [NTSB BFO93LA023](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/BFO93LA023.md): Cessna 152 · Scotia, NY · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jan 17, 1993 · N6379M · Substantial damage
  > The student pilot's failure to maintain directional control during landing. The snow covered runway was a related factor.
- [NTSB SEA93LA053](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/SEA93LA053.md): Swearingen SA-226T(B) · John Day, OR · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jan 16, 1993 · N161RS · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's failure to maintain directional control. Factors include a snow covered runway.
- [NTSB FTW93LA070](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/FTW93LA070.md): Boeing A75N1 · San Antonio, TX · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jan 16, 1993 · N56221 · Substantial damage
  > The failure of the pilot to maintain directional control during the landing roll
- [NTSB ATL93LA053](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ATL93LA053.md): Cessna 172 · Palmetto, GA · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jan 16, 1993 · N8226L · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's failure to attain the proper touchdown point, and his improper recovery from a bounced landing. A factor was the pilot's lack of total experience in the airplane.
- [NTSB CHI93LA071](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI93LA071.md): Don Showalter Lancair 320 · Madison, WI · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jan 14, 1993 · N18M · Substantial damage
  > A jammed main landing gear brake.
- [NTSB FTW93LA066](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/FTW93LA066.md): Cessna 152 · Fort Worth, TX · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jan 13, 1993 · N64949 · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's inadequate flare and the improper recovery from a bounced landing
- [NTSB LAX93LA094](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX93LA094.md): Cessna 150 · Torrance, CA · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jan 11, 1993 · N6019T · Substantial damage
  > 1) The pilot misjudging the airplane's landing flare, and 2) the pilot's improper recovery from a bounced landing. A factor in this accident was the pilot's lack of total aircraft experience.
- [NTSB FTW93IA064](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/FTW93IA064.md): Mcdonnell Douglas DC9-82 · Dfw Airport, TX · Incident · Minor injuries · Incident investigation · Final report · Jan 10, 1993 · N7532A · No damage
  > The inaccurate safety advisory provided by the tower operator. A factor was the emergency evacuation
- [NTSB DEN93LA022](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/DEN93LA022.md): Cessna T210L · Monte Vista, CO · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jan 9, 1993 · N96LL · Substantial damage
  > A loss of control during landing when the aircraft struck a snowbank which was left on the runway as a result of inadequate plowing.
- [NTSB ANC93IA026](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ANC93IA026.md): Grumman G-21A · Akutan, AK · Incident · No injuries · Incident investigation · Final report · Jan 7, 1993 · N22932 · Minor damage
  > The incident was caused by the pilots improper compensation for the winds. Factors were the microburst, the rough water, and the pilot's inadequate evaluation of the weather conditions.
- [NTSB CHI93LA065](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI93LA065.md): Cessna 172N · Warren, MN · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jan 6, 1993 · N6176G · Substantial damage
  > The student pilot's failure to maintain directional control.
- [NTSB FTW93LA062](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/FTW93LA062.md): Cessna 152 · Wichita Falls, TX · Accident · Minor injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jan 5, 1993 · N4870B · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's failure to maintain directional control.
- [NTSB MIA93LA044](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/MIA93LA044.md): Beech 1900D · Fort Myers, FL · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jan 3, 1993 · N18YV · Substantial damage
  > Failure of the pilot-in-command to follow the checklist and complacency of the pilot-in-command for failure to extend the landing gear before landing.
- [NTSB CHI93MA061](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI93MA061.md): Saab-Scania 340A · Hibbing, MN · Accident · No injuries · Major investigation · Final report · Jan 3, 1993 · N342PX · Substantial damage
  > The first officer's failure to maintain a proper descent rate during the landing, and the captain's inadequate supervision by not taking timely action to ensure a safe landing. Factors which contributed to the accident were: the company's failure to provide…
- [NTSB CHI93LA062](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI93LA062.md): Beech A36 · Milwaukee, WI · Accident · Minor injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jan 3, 1993 · N1801V · Substantial damage
  > Failure of the pilot to perform an aborted landing and failure to select a proper touchdown point on the runway.
- [NTSB MIA93IA052](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/MIA93IA052.md): Balloon Works Firefly 7-15 · Orlando, FL · Incident · Minor injuries · Incident investigation · Final report · Jan 2, 1993 · N9056D · No damage
  > Poor in-flight planning/decision by the pilot, and excessive descent resulting in a hard landing.
- [NTSB LAX93LA085](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX93LA085.md): Mooney M20F · So. Lake Tahoe, CA · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Dec 31, 1992 · N9511M · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's failure to maintain directional control of the aircraft due to gusting cross winds and ice on the runway.
- [NTSB LAX93LA080](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX93LA080.md): Piper PA-28 · Big Bear, CA · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Dec 31, 1992 · N129AB · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's failure to maintain directional control of the aircraft after touchdown.
- [NTSB LAX93LA079](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX93LA079.md): Piper PA-18-125 · Herald, CA · Accident · Serious injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Dec 31, 1992 · N3872C · Substantial damage
  > The failure of the pilot to maintain a proper descent rate and his failure to take timely remedial action to correct a high sink rate prior to colliding with the ground.
- [NTSB DEN93LA020](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/DEN93LA020.md): Beech 58 · Ft Collins, CO · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Dec 31, 1992 · N21BW · Substantial damage
  > Failure by the pilot to follow IFR procedures in not executing a missed approach when he arrived at the runway threshold with improper alignment and improper descent rate for landing. A factor was: marginal weather conditions.
- [NTSB LAX93LA082](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX93LA082.md): Maule MX-7-180 · Oceano, CA · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Dec 30, 1992 · N5653R · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's operation of the aircraft with known deficiencies in the brake system.
- [NTSB LAX93LA081](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX93LA081.md): Varga 2150A · Salome, AZ · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Dec 30, 1992 · N5068V · Substantial damage
  > The failure of the pilot to maintain directional control of the aircraft. A factor in the accident was the failure of the left brake.
- [NTSB FTW93LA060](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/FTW93LA060.md): Cessna 172P · Little Rock, AR · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Dec 28, 1992 · N64943 · Substantial damage
  > The certified flight instructor's failure to attain the proper touchdown point.
- [NTSB LAX93LA084](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX93LA084.md): Raven S-55A · Peoria, AZ · Accident · Serious injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Dec 26, 1992 · N2815S · No damage
  > The balloon's encounter with a gusty wind shear condition during the final descent for landing at an altitude insufficient for the pilot to take corrective action to prevent a hard landing.
- [NTSB LAX93LA078](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX93LA078.md): Cessna 150 · Oakland, CA · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Dec 26, 1992 · N63394 · Substantial damage
  > 1) The pilots failure to compensate for winds during the landing sequence, 2) the improper use of the flight controls by not maintaining directional control of the aircraft,and 3) the pilots failure to maintain an adequate airspeed during the landing phase…
- [NTSB CHI93LA059](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI93LA059.md): Piper PA-28-161 · Lake In The Hls, IL · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Dec 26, 1992 · N4328D · Substantial damage
  > The student pilot's failure to maintain directional control.
- [NTSB SEA93LA045](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/SEA93LA045.md): Croy KR-2M · Gillette, WY · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Dec 25, 1992 · N302DC · Substantial damage
  > Jamming of the nose landing gear door opening mechanism and the pilot in command's excessive descent rate upon touchdown.
- [NTSB ANC93LA023](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ANC93LA023.md): De Havilland DHC2 · Two Moon Bay, AK · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Dec 24, 1992 · N737KA · Substantial damage
  > An inadvertant landing gear extension and wheels down water landing by the pilot in command. A factor relating to the accident was the lack of checklist use by the pilot.
- [NTSB LAX93LA073](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX93LA073.md): Robinson R-22B · Long Beach, CA · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Dec 23, 1992 · N2338M · Substantial damage
  > A failure of the dual student (second pilot) to properly perform the touch down, and properly assess the terrain at the point of touch down, of an intentional autorotation. Contributing to the accident was a failure of the flight instructor (first pilot) to…
- [NTSB NYC93LA051](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/NYC93LA051.md): Cessna 172 · Andover, NJ · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Dec 22, 1992 · N54102 · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's failure to abort the landing which resulted in a overrun of the runway. Contributing was the pilot's misjudgement of distance and an improper touchdown point.
- [NTSB MIA93LA032](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/MIA93LA032.md): Hiller UH-12C · New Smyrna Bch, FL · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Dec 21, 1992 · N38767 · Substantial damage
  > The pilot-in-command's improper application of cyclic and collective pitch control during an autorotative landing.
- [NTSB NYC93LA053](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/NYC93LA053.md): Piper PA-28-180 · Oxford, CT · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Dec 20, 1992 · N5135L · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's improper level off which resulted in a hard landing. Contributing were wind gusts and the pilot's inadequate compensation for wind conditions.
- [NTSB NYC93LA046](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/NYC93LA046.md): Cessna 150L · Weedsport, NY · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Dec 19, 1992 · N6524G · Substantial damage
  > The flight instructor did not maintain directional control of the airplane during the after landing roll. Factors in this accident were the strong cross winds and the ice patched runway.

Next page: https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-phases/550/cases.md?page=336

## The whole list in SQL

Runs in DuckDB 1.2 or later on the release's Parquet files over HTTPS:

```sql
WITH phase_names(main, name) AS (VALUES (100, 'Prior to flight'), (150, 'Standing'), (200, 'Pushback/towing'), (250, 'Taxi'), (300, 'Takeoff'), (350, 'Initial climb'), (400, 'Enroute'), (450, 'Maneuvering'), (500, 'Approach'), (550, 'Landing'), (600, 'Emergency descent'), (650, 'Uncontrolled descent'), (700, 'Post-impact'), (750, 'After landing'), (800, 'Other'), (990, 'Unknown')),
  crosswalk(code, main, name) AS (VALUES (500, 150, 'Standing'), (501, 150, 'Standing - pre-flight'), (502, 150, 'Standing - starting engine(s)'), (503, 150, 'Standing - engine(s) operating'), (504, 150, 'Standing - engine(s) not operating'), (505, 150, 'Standing - idling rotors'), (510, 250, 'Taxi'), (511, 200, 'Taxi - pushback/tow'), (512, 250, 'Taxi - to takeoff'), (513, 250, 'Taxi - from landing'), (514, 250, 'Taxi - aerial'), (520, 300, 'Takeoff'), (521, 300, 'Takeoff - roll/run'), (522, 350, 'Takeoff - initial climb'), (523, 300, 'Takeoff - aborted'), (530, 400, 'Climb'), (531, 400, 'Climb - to cruise'), (540, 400, 'Cruise'), (541, 400, 'Cruise - normal'), (542, 400, 'Maneuvering - holding (IFR)'), (550, 400, 'Descent'), (551, 400, 'Descent - normal'), (552, 600, 'Descent - emergency'), (553, 650, 'Descent - uncontrolled'), (560, 500, 'Approach'), (561, 500, 'Approach - VFR pattern - downwind'), (562, 500, 'Approach - VFR pattern - base turn'), (563, 500, 'Approach - VFR pattern - base leg/base to final'), (564, 500, 'Approach - VFR pattern - final approach'), (565, 500, 'Go-around (VFR)'), (566, 500, 'Approach - IAF to FAF/outer marker (IFR)'), (567, 500, 'Approach - FAF/outer marker to threshold (IFR)'), (568, 500, 'Circling (IFR)'), (569, 500, 'Missed approach (IFR)'), (570, 550, 'Landing'), (571, 550, 'Landing - flare/touchdown'), (572, 550, 'Landing - roll'), (573, 550, 'Landing - aborted'), (574, 550, 'Emergency landing'), (575, 550, 'Emergency landing after takeoff'), (576, 600, 'Emergency descent/landing'), (580, 450, 'Maneuvering'), (581, 450, 'Maneuvering - aerial application'), (582, 450, 'Maneuvering - turn to reverse direction'), (583, 450, 'Maneuvering - turn to landing area (emergency)'), (590, 450, 'Hover'), (591, 450, 'Hover - in ground effect'), (592, 450, 'Hover - out of ground effect'), (600, 800, 'Other'), (610, 990, 'Unknown')),
  current_codes AS (
    SELECT e.case_mkey, TRY_CAST(e."tier1Number" AS INTEGER) AS code,
      row_number() OVER (PARTITION BY e.case_mkey ORDER BY coalesce(e."isDefiningEvent", false) DESC, e.position) AS n
    FROM 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_events.parquet' e
    WHERE e.aircrafts_position = 1 AND e."tier1Number" GLOB '[1-9][0-9]*'
      AND (e."isDefiningEvent" OR e.case_mkey IN (SELECT "mKey" FROM 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_case_detail.parquet' WHERE "isPre1982"))
  ),
  phases AS (
    SELECT case_mkey, 'current' AS scheme, code, CASE WHEN code >= 990 THEN 990 ELSE code // 50 * 50 END AS main
    FROM current_codes WHERE n = 1
    UNION ALL
    SELECT o.case_mkey, 'older', o."phaseOfFlightCode", w.main
    FROM 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_occurrences.parquet' o JOIN crosswalk w ON w.code = o."phaseOfFlightCode"
    WHERE o.aircrafts_position = 1 AND o."occurrenceNumber" = 1 AND o.case_mkey NOT IN (SELECT case_mkey FROM current_codes)
  ),
  case_phases AS (
    SELECT p.*, c."eventDate", c."highestInjuryLevel" = 'Fatal' AS fatal, a.aircraft_model_code
    FROM phases p JOIN 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_case_detail.parquet' c ON c."mKey" = p.case_mkey
    LEFT JOIN 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_aircrafts.parquet' a ON a.case_mkey = p.case_mkey AND a.position = 1
    WHERE c."eventDate" >= DATE '1962-01-01' AND p.main IN (SELECT main FROM phase_names)
  )
SELECT c."ntsbNumber", c."eventDate", c."eventType", c."eventCity", c."eventStateOrRegion", a.n_number, a."aircraftMake", a."aircraftModel", c."highestInjuryLevel", c."totalFatal", c."completionStatus", c.report_url
FROM 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_case_detail.parquet' c LEFT JOIN 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_aircrafts.parquet' a ON a.case_mkey = c."mKey" AND a.position = 1
WHERE c."mKey" IN (SELECT case_mkey FROM case_phases WHERE main = 550)
ORDER BY c."eventDate" DESC, c."ntsbNumber" DESC
```

This list as a web page: https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-phases/550/cases?page=335

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