# NTSB investigations: Landing

NTSB aviation accident and incident investigations since 1962: the probable cause, findings, aircraft, crew, weather and docket of each, linked to the FAA registry and the FAA’s own reports.

Page 347 of 1,075 · 53,703 cases

## Cases, newest first

- [NTSB FTW92LA044](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/FTW92LA044.md): Hiller-Osborn UH-12D · Rio Medina, TX · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Dec 2, 1991 · N67065 · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's improper flare during touchdown.
- [NTSB LAX92LA056](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX92LA056.md): Piper PA22-150 · Palo Alto, CA · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Dec 1, 1991 · N3170Z · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's failure to maintain directional control during the landing rollout.
- [NTSB CHI92LA036](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI92LA036.md): Piper PA28R-200 · Lakeville, MN · Accident · Minor injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Dec 1, 1991 · N2072T · 2 aircraft · Substantial damage
  > The failure of both pilots to maintain visual separation from each other. Contributing factors to this accident were an inadequate visual lookout by both pilots and the pilot-in-command's failure to follow procedures and directives.
- [NTSB ANC92LA018](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ANC92LA018.md): Cessna 150 · Anchorage, AK · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Dec 1, 1991 · N704YP · Substantial damage
  > The certified flight instructor's (CFI) delay in initiating the go around. Contributing to the accident was the snow berm and dark night light condition.
- [NTSB FTW92LA028](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/FTW92LA028.md): Cessna 120 · Las Cruces, NM · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Nov 29, 1991 · N1906N · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's failure to maintain directional control. A factor was the tailwind.
- [NTSB CHI92LA054](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI92LA054.md): Piper PA-28R-201 · Willmar, MN · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Nov 29, 1991 · N80553 · Substantial damage
  > An inadequate weather evaluation which resulted in flight into icing conditions. Factors in the accident were the icing conditions and the excessive descent during landing.
- [NTSB LAX92LA053](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX92LA053.md): Cessna 180 · Long Beach, CA · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Nov 27, 1991 · N2982A · Substantial damage
  > The failure of the pilot to maintain directional control during the landing touchdown.
- [NTSB FTW92LA027](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/FTW92LA027.md): Cessna R182 · Santa Fe, NM · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Nov 27, 1991 · N2645C · Substantial damage
  > The right main gear collapsed for undetermined reasons, which resulted in the pilot's loss of directional control during the landing roll.
- [NTSB DEN92LA010](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/DEN92LA010.md): Bellanca 7ECA · Watkins, CO · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Nov 27, 1991 · N41698 · Substantial damage
  > Failure to maintain directional control of the airplane during landing flare. A factor was the crosswind condition that existed at the time of the accident.
- [NTSB FTW92GA036](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/FTW92GA036.md): Beech C-12C · Belen, NM · Accident · No injuries · Final report · Nov 26, 1991 · N783MC · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's failure to land at the proper touchdown point.
- [NTSB FTW92LA034](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/FTW92LA034.md): Cessna 172P · Okmulgee, OK · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Nov 25, 1991 · N65748 · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's failure to compensate for a crosswind condition. Factors were the pilot's lack of total experience and the prevailing crosswind.
- [NTSB BFO92LA009](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/BFO92LA009.md): Cessna 150 · Portsmouth, VA · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Nov 15, 1991 · N3072V · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's improper flare attitude during the landing flare/touchdown and his failure to initiate recovery from a bounced landing.
- [NTSB ATL92LA023](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ATL92LA023.md): Georga L. Atwood Kitfox III · Trezevant, TN · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Nov 13, 1991 · N49GA · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's improper handling of the airplane which resulted in a noseover.
- [NTSB ANC92LA016](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ANC92LA016.md): Piper PA-20 · Stebbins, AK · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Nov 8, 1991 · N1685A · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's failure to adequately compensate for the wind during landing. Factors were the crosswind and the attempted go around
- [NTSB FTW92LA021](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/FTW92LA021.md): Cessna 177 · Santa Teresa, NM · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Nov 7, 1991 · N29348 · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's failure to initiate corrective action in a timely fashion.
- [NTSB LAX92LA048](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX92LA048.md): Cessna 182H · Fortuna, CA · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Nov 6, 1991 · N3474S · Substantial damage
  > That the pilot misjudged the flare altitude. Contributing to the accident was the failure of the flight instructor to adequately supervise the flight.
- [NTSB LAX92LA052](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX92LA052.md): Cessna 195A · Camarillo, CA · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Nov 5, 1991 · N195MD · Substantial damage
  > The failure of the pilot to maintain directional control during the landing ground roll.
- [NTSB LAX92LA038](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX92LA038.md): Questaire Venture · San Luis Obispo, CA · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Nov 2, 1991 · N71T · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's inability to control the aircraft during the landing roll due to a failure of the left brake and nose wheel steering systems. The failure of the brake and steering systems was due to a deterioration of the 'o' ring seals caused by the use of…
- [NTSB LAX92LA032](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX92LA032.md): Cessna 152 · Reedley, CA · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Nov 1, 1991 · N48760 · Substantial damage
  > The student pilot's improper use of the flight controls and his failure to maintain directional control of the aircraft. A contributing factor in the accident was the students lack of total experience.
- [NTSB ANC92LA012](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ANC92LA012.md): Cessna 172 · Ekuk, AK · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Oct 31, 1991 · N46279 · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's improper in flight planning and decision in that he attempted to touchdown too close to the log.
- [NTSB NYC92LA021](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/NYC92LA021.md): Robinson R22B · Millville, NJ · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Oct 30, 1991 · N502TH · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's failure to maintain control of the helicopter. A factor related to the accident was the pilot's improper compensation for wind conditions.
- [NTSB MIA92LA018](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/MIA92LA018.md): Cessna 152 · Miami, FL · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Oct 28, 1991 · N69250 · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's improper flare & failure to recover from a ballooned landing.
- [NTSB CHI92LA018](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI92LA018.md): Cessna 172 · Bellaire, MI · Accident · Minor injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Oct 28, 1991 · N3795A · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's improper remedial action after ballooning during a landing flare. Factors associated with the accident are gusty crosswinds and the pilot's lack of total experience.
- [NTSB ANC92LA011](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ANC92LA011.md): Piper PA-18 · Talkeetna, AK · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Oct 26, 1991 · N1887A · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's failure to maintain airspeed.
- [NTSB NYC92LA018](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/NYC92LA018.md): Boeing 737-4B7 · Boston, MA · Accident · Serious injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Oct 23, 1991 · N441US · No damage
  > A latch failure on a door in the aft galley which allowed a liquor kit to roll forward.
- [NTSB NYC92LA014](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/NYC92LA014.md): Aerostar Raven S-60 · Trenton, NJ · Accident · Serious injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Oct 20, 1991 · N4057H · No damage
  > Excessive descent rate by the pilot in command. A factor was overloading of the basket.
- [NTSB FTW92LA018](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/FTW92LA018.md): Mahan Hardaway Quickie Q2 · Arcola, TX · Accident · Minor injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Oct 20, 1991 · N82BD · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's improper flare and improper recovery from the resultant bounced landing. A factor was the pilot's lack of familiarity with the airplane.
- [NTSB NYC92LA016](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/NYC92LA016.md): Piper PA-23-250 · Edgartown, MA · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Oct 19, 1991 · N14189 · Substantial damage
  > Improper recovery from a bounced landing by the pilot. Factors related to the accident were improper use of the flight controls and throttles.
- [NTSB NYC92LA010](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/NYC92LA010.md): Balloon Works Firefly 7 · Webster, NH · Accident · 1 fatal · Limited investigation · Final report · Oct 19, 1991 · N4051L · Substantial damage
  > Failure of the ground crewman (from another Balloon) to recognize the hazardous condition that existed, when the Balloon came in contact with a high voltage power line during a precautionary landing. Factors related to the accident were: the lack of suitable…
- [NTSB CHI92LA096](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI92LA096.md): Cameron N120 · Goshen, IN · Accident · Serious injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Oct 19, 1991 · N6092K · No damage
  > An improper touchdown by the pilot in command.
- [NTSB ATL92LA011](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ATL92LA011.md): Winchester Thorp T-18 · Walterboro, SC · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Oct 19, 1991 · N27DW · Substantial damage
  > The student pilot's improper use of the wheel brakes, and the subsequent loss of directional control. Factors in this accident were the student pilot's lack of total flying experience and the pilot-in-command's inadequate supervision of the flight.
- [NTSB ANC92FA006](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ANC92FA006.md): Beech BE-99 · Allakaket, AK · Accident · No injuries · Field investigation · Final report · Oct 19, 1991 · N299GL · Substantial damage
  > Was the pilot-in-command misjudged the proper touchdown point on the runway. Contributing to the accident was the snow-covered terrain and a snowbank.
- [NTSB NYC92LA015](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/NYC92LA015.md): Cessna 150L · Sanford, ME · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Oct 18, 1991 · N6544G · Substantial damage
  > The failure of the nose wheel through bolt as a result of fatigue cracking.
- [NTSB CHI92LA016](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI92LA016.md): Aerostar RX-8 · Warsaw, IN · Accident · Serious injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Oct 18, 1991 · N357OK · No damage
  > Pilot's delayed inflight planning/decision to land.
- [NTSB ANC92LA007](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ANC92LA007.md): Cessna U206 · Scammon Bay, AK · Accident · Minor injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Oct 18, 1991 · N7353Q · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's failure to maintain airspeed during the aborted landing. Contributing to the accident was the unfavorable wind.
- [NTSB LAX92LA018](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX92LA018.md): Snow S2C · Bowie, AZ · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Oct 17, 1991 · N1625S · Substantial damage
  > The failure of the pilot to maintain directional control after landing. The unfavorable wind condition was a related factor.
- [NTSB FTW92GA011](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/FTW92GA011.md): Cessna T21OR · Lordsburg, NM · Accident · No injuries · Final report · Oct 17, 1991 · N7681U · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's improper recovery from a bounced landing. Factors were the pilot's excessive airspeed and improper flare technique.
- [NTSB SEA92LA008](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/SEA92LA008.md): Mcholland XPA-11 · Sandpoint, ID · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Oct 14, 1991 · N11XP · Substantial damage
  > A poor in-flight decision. Contributing to the accident was the rough/uneven terrain.
- [NTSB SEA92LA010](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/SEA92LA010.md): Cessna 172C · Colville, WA · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Oct 13, 1991 · N64475 · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's delayed go-around. Factors contributing to the accident was the pilot's misjudgement of distance and speed during the approach.
- [NTSB MIA92LA013](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/MIA92LA013.md): Christen Industries Pitts S-2B · Sebring, FL · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Oct 13, 1991 · N69SZ · Substantial damage
  > Failure of the pilot to maintain directional control, which resulted in an inadvertent ground swerve and collision with tall grass beside the runway. The tall grass was a related factor.
- [NTSB ATL92LA005](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ATL92LA005.md): Cessna 182 · Pinson, AL · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Oct 13, 1991 · N9342X · Substantial damage
  > The failure of the pilot to visually detect and attain proper alignment with the runway.
- [NTSB SEA92LA009](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/SEA92LA009.md): Luscombe 8A · Rawlins, WY · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Oct 11, 1991 · N2015B · Substantial damage
  > An inadequate weather evaluation. Factors to the accident were: gusts and crosswind.
- [NTSB ATL92LA004](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ATL92LA004.md): Beech F33A · Franklin, NC · Accident · Serious injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Oct 11, 1991 · N37MC · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's failure to lower the landing gear resulting in a gear up contact with the runway, and the eventual loss of control of the airplane.
- [NTSB LAX92LA011](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX92LA011.md): Cessna 152 · Van Nuys, CA · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Oct 9, 1991 · N6211Q · Substantial damage
  > The student pilot's improper landing flare which resulted in a hard landing and the buckling of the airplane's nose gear.
- [NTSB CHI92LA004](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI92LA004.md): Beech 95 · Elkhart, IN · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Oct 9, 1991 · N1309Z · Substantial damage
  > The inadequate amount of hydraulic fluid present in the normal brake system.
- [NTSB NYC92LA002](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/NYC92LA002.md): Fairchild SA-227AC · Augusta, ME · Accident · Minor injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Oct 7, 1991 · N120FA · Substantial damage
  > The copilot's failure to attain a proper touchdown point. Factors were the captain's failure to follow company procedure and both pilot's limited experience.
- [NTSB MIA92LA005](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/MIA92LA005.md): Bell 206-L-1 · Hollywood, FL · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Oct 6, 1991 · N78CF · Substantial damage
  > The failure of the pilot to maintain rotor RPM and the failure of the CFI to monitor the controls.
- [NTSB LAX92LA009](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX92LA009.md): Cessna 210 · Riverside, CA · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Oct 6, 1991 · N9517T · Substantial damage
  > The failure of a hydraulic gear return line, which caused the aircraft's main landing gear to collapse during landing touchdown.
- [NTSB ANC92LA003](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ANC92LA003.md): Cessna A185F · Amber Bay, AK · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Oct 6, 1991 · N1681R · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's loss of directional control during the landing roll. Contributing to the accident was the unfavorable wind.
- [NTSB LAX92LA004](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX92LA004.md): Piper PA-28-140 · Santa Rosa, CA · Accident · Serious injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Oct 4, 1991 · N55394 · Destroyed
  > The failure of the student pilot to maintain control of the aircraft during a recovery from a bounced landing.

Next page: https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-phases/550/cases.md?page=348

## The whole list in SQL

Runs in DuckDB 1.2 or later on the release's Parquet files over HTTPS:

```sql
WITH phase_names(main, name) AS (VALUES (100, 'Prior to flight'), (150, 'Standing'), (200, 'Pushback/towing'), (250, 'Taxi'), (300, 'Takeoff'), (350, 'Initial climb'), (400, 'Enroute'), (450, 'Maneuvering'), (500, 'Approach'), (550, 'Landing'), (600, 'Emergency descent'), (650, 'Uncontrolled descent'), (700, 'Post-impact'), (750, 'After landing'), (800, 'Other'), (990, 'Unknown')),
  crosswalk(code, main, name) AS (VALUES (500, 150, 'Standing'), (501, 150, 'Standing - pre-flight'), (502, 150, 'Standing - starting engine(s)'), (503, 150, 'Standing - engine(s) operating'), (504, 150, 'Standing - engine(s) not operating'), (505, 150, 'Standing - idling rotors'), (510, 250, 'Taxi'), (511, 200, 'Taxi - pushback/tow'), (512, 250, 'Taxi - to takeoff'), (513, 250, 'Taxi - from landing'), (514, 250, 'Taxi - aerial'), (520, 300, 'Takeoff'), (521, 300, 'Takeoff - roll/run'), (522, 350, 'Takeoff - initial climb'), (523, 300, 'Takeoff - aborted'), (530, 400, 'Climb'), (531, 400, 'Climb - to cruise'), (540, 400, 'Cruise'), (541, 400, 'Cruise - normal'), (542, 400, 'Maneuvering - holding (IFR)'), (550, 400, 'Descent'), (551, 400, 'Descent - normal'), (552, 600, 'Descent - emergency'), (553, 650, 'Descent - uncontrolled'), (560, 500, 'Approach'), (561, 500, 'Approach - VFR pattern - downwind'), (562, 500, 'Approach - VFR pattern - base turn'), (563, 500, 'Approach - VFR pattern - base leg/base to final'), (564, 500, 'Approach - VFR pattern - final approach'), (565, 500, 'Go-around (VFR)'), (566, 500, 'Approach - IAF to FAF/outer marker (IFR)'), (567, 500, 'Approach - FAF/outer marker to threshold (IFR)'), (568, 500, 'Circling (IFR)'), (569, 500, 'Missed approach (IFR)'), (570, 550, 'Landing'), (571, 550, 'Landing - flare/touchdown'), (572, 550, 'Landing - roll'), (573, 550, 'Landing - aborted'), (574, 550, 'Emergency landing'), (575, 550, 'Emergency landing after takeoff'), (576, 600, 'Emergency descent/landing'), (580, 450, 'Maneuvering'), (581, 450, 'Maneuvering - aerial application'), (582, 450, 'Maneuvering - turn to reverse direction'), (583, 450, 'Maneuvering - turn to landing area (emergency)'), (590, 450, 'Hover'), (591, 450, 'Hover - in ground effect'), (592, 450, 'Hover - out of ground effect'), (600, 800, 'Other'), (610, 990, 'Unknown')),
  current_codes AS (
    SELECT e.case_mkey, TRY_CAST(e."tier1Number" AS INTEGER) AS code,
      row_number() OVER (PARTITION BY e.case_mkey ORDER BY coalesce(e."isDefiningEvent", false) DESC, e.position) AS n
    FROM 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_events.parquet' e
    WHERE e.aircrafts_position = 1 AND e."tier1Number" GLOB '[1-9][0-9]*'
      AND (e."isDefiningEvent" OR e.case_mkey IN (SELECT "mKey" FROM 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_case_detail.parquet' WHERE "isPre1982"))
  ),
  phases AS (
    SELECT case_mkey, 'current' AS scheme, code, CASE WHEN code >= 990 THEN 990 ELSE code // 50 * 50 END AS main
    FROM current_codes WHERE n = 1
    UNION ALL
    SELECT o.case_mkey, 'older', o."phaseOfFlightCode", w.main
    FROM 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_occurrences.parquet' o JOIN crosswalk w ON w.code = o."phaseOfFlightCode"
    WHERE o.aircrafts_position = 1 AND o."occurrenceNumber" = 1 AND o.case_mkey NOT IN (SELECT case_mkey FROM current_codes)
  ),
  case_phases AS (
    SELECT p.*, c."eventDate", c."highestInjuryLevel" = 'Fatal' AS fatal, a.aircraft_model_code
    FROM phases p JOIN 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_case_detail.parquet' c ON c."mKey" = p.case_mkey
    LEFT JOIN 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_aircrafts.parquet' a ON a.case_mkey = p.case_mkey AND a.position = 1
    WHERE c."eventDate" >= DATE '1962-01-01' AND p.main IN (SELECT main FROM phase_names)
  )
SELECT c."ntsbNumber", c."eventDate", c."eventType", c."eventCity", c."eventStateOrRegion", a.n_number, a."aircraftMake", a."aircraftModel", c."highestInjuryLevel", c."totalFatal", c."completionStatus", c.report_url
FROM 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_case_detail.parquet' c LEFT JOIN 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_aircrafts.parquet' a ON a.case_mkey = c."mKey" AND a.position = 1
WHERE c."mKey" IN (SELECT case_mkey FROM case_phases WHERE main = 550)
ORDER BY c."eventDate" DESC, c."ntsbNumber" DESC
```

This list as a web page: https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-phases/550/cases?page=347

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