# NTSB investigations: Landing

NTSB aviation accident and incident investigations since 1962: the probable cause, findings, aircraft, crew, weather and docket of each, linked to the FAA registry and the FAA’s own reports.

Page 348 of 1,075 · 53,703 cases

## Cases, newest first

- [NTSB DEN92LA002](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/DEN92LA002.md): Cessna 172M · Erie, CO · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Oct 4, 1991 · N80650 · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's failure to maintain directional control land his inadequate compensation for wind conditions. Factors were: crosswind conditions and the pilot's total lack of experience.
- [NTSB ATL92LA001](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ATL92LA001.md): Champion 7KCAB · Cartersville, GA · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Oct 3, 1991 · N5282X · Substantial damage
  > The failure of the pilot to maintain control of the aircraft during the landing roll and the improper remedial action taken by the pilot to regain control of the airplane.
- [NTSB CHI92LA001](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI92LA001.md): Cessna 150L · Taylor, MO · Accident · Minor injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Oct 2, 1991 · N11540 · Substantial damage
  > The pilot-in-command's failure to attain proper compensation for the crosswind. A factor contributing to the accident was the crosswind.
- [NTSB SEA91LA259](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/SEA91LA259.md): Grumman AA-1 · Granite Falls, WA · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Oct 1, 1991 · N6182L · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's decision to not perform a go-around and a misjudged distance.
- [NTSB NYC91LA253](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/NYC91LA253.md): North American T-6G · Manchester, NH · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Sep 29, 1991 · N3167G · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's failure to maintain control. A factor was the unforecasted strong cross winds.
- [NTSB NYC91LA248](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/NYC91LA248.md): Fairchild SW3 · Atlantic City, NJ · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Sep 29, 1991 · N159MC · Substantial damage
  > A failure of the down lock roller bearings of the right main landing gear, as the result of an improper modification.
- [NTSB SEA91LA256](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/SEA91LA256.md): Lyons Stueckle Quickie Q-2 · Cheyenne, WY · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Sep 28, 1991 · N82SL · Substantial damage
  > The premature landing flare by the pilot.
- [NTSB SEA91LA257](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/SEA91LA257.md): Cessna 172E · Burns, OR · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Sep 27, 1991 · N5680T · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's delay in computing aircraft fuel consumption and his failure to land at an alternate airport along the route of flight. Factors relating to the accident were the tree by the landing area and the improper maintenance adjustment of the right magneto.
- [NTSB BFO91LA085](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/BFO91LA085.md): Beech 35 · Cheswold, DE · Accident · Minor injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Sep 27, 1991 · N2957V · Destroyed
  > The pilot's failure to arrest an excessive sink rate and crab angle while landing his aircraft.
- [NTSB SEA91LA251](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/SEA91LA251.md): Bell BH-47-G3B1 · Rock Island, WA · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Sep 26, 1991 · N5474A · Destroyed
  > The failure of the pilot to use the proper touchdown point while landing on a trailer.
- [NTSB LAX91LA407](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX91LA407.md): Robinson R-22 · Livermore, CA · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Sep 26, 1991 · N2302A · Substantial damage
  > 1) Incorrect control input by the student pilot and 2) the flight instructor's inadequate supervision of his student. A contributing factor in this accident was the unfavorable wind conditions.
- [NTSB CHI91LA303](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI91LA303.md): Champion 7ECA · Newark, IL · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Sep 25, 1991 · N5164T · Substantial damage
  > A sheared oleo piston retaining pin which allowed the wheel to fall out.
- [NTSB ANC91LA154](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ANC91LA154.md): Maule M-5 · Purkeypile Mine, AK · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Sep 25, 1991 · N51645 · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's improper touchdown point on the gravel bar. Contributing to the accident was the pilot's inattentiveness and the ditch in the gravel bar.
- [NTSB ANC91LA153](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ANC91LA153.md): De Havilland DHC-2 MKI · Holitna River, AK · Accident · Minor injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Sep 25, 1991 · N17394 · Substantial damage
  > The airplane's float hit a submerged log during landing on the River, which resulted in the pilot losing control of the airplane and crashing into the water.
- [NTSB SEA91LA248](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/SEA91LA248.md): Piper PA-28R-200 · Lewiston, ID · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Sep 22, 1991 · N2116T · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's failure to maintain directional control.
- [NTSB LAX91LA403](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX91LA403.md): Cessna 180K · Mammoth Lakes, CA · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Sep 22, 1991 · N63622 · Substantial damage
  > The pilot-in-command failed to maintain directional control. Contributing to this accident was the pic's lack of experience in the airplane and the soft terrain.
- [NTSB FTW91LA164](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/FTW91LA164.md): Piper PA-28-180 · Friendswood, TX · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Sep 22, 1991 · N8457W · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's failure to maintain directional control during landing. A factor in the accident was mechanical turbulence caused by nearby buildings.
- [NTSB NYC91LA245](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/NYC91LA245.md): Piper PA-28-161 · Hackettstown, NJ · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Sep 21, 1991 · N43744 · Substantial damage
  > The failure of the pilot to achieve the proper touchdown spot and excessive airspeed which resulted in an overrun. Factors related to the accident was the failure of the pilot to make a go-around after he failed to achieve his proper touchdown spot, and his…
- [NTSB NYC91LA243](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/NYC91LA243.md): Lake LA-4 · Wilton, ME · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Sep 21, 1991 · N1012L · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's improper recovery from a bounced landing on rough water which resulted in the right wing tip contacting the water causing the airplane to nose over and sink. Factors related to the accident were, the pilot's low time and experience in this type…
- [NTSB LAX91IA415](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX91IA415.md): Airbus Industrie A-320-231 · Santa Ana, CA · Incident · Minor injuries · Incident investigation · Final report · Sep 21, 1991 · N633AW · No damage
  > The failure of the flight attendant assigned to the aft galley jumpseat to secure a beverage cart in accordance with company policy.
- [NTSB DEN91LA137](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/DEN91LA137.md): Raven Ralley RX7 · Englewood, CO · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Sep 21, 1991 · N4036Y · Substantial damage
  > A hard landing and inadvertent deployment of the balloon heater. A factor was: inadvertent entanglement of a load cable with the heater activation device.
- [NTSB LAX91LA398](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX91LA398.md): Piper PA-60-602P · Pago Pago, Antarctica · Accident · Minor injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Sep 20, 1991 · VHUYX · Substantial damage
  > The mechanical failure of the airplane's nose wheel/gear steering system. A contributing factor was the pilot's inability to maintain directional control following the loss of steering effectiveness.
- [NTSB CHI91LA296](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI91LA296.md): Cessna 150H · New Hudson, MI · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Sep 20, 1991 · N91R · Substantial damage
  > Failure of the pilot to maintain directional control during landing roll in a crosswind.
- [NTSB LAX91LA397](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX91LA397.md): Aeronca 7FC · Phoenix, AZ · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Sep 17, 1991 · N7550E · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's improper remedial action. Contributing to this accident was the pilot's improper use of the brakes and rudder and his lack of experience in the accident airplane's make and model.
- [NTSB SEA91LA250](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/SEA91LA250.md): Raven S-60A · Redmond, WA · Accident · Serious injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Sep 16, 1991 · N6544C · No damage
  > The pilot's failure to maintain the proper rate of descent. A factor contributing to the accident was unfavorable winds.
- [NTSB BFO91LA084](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/BFO91LA084.md): Rolladen-Schneider LS-4A · Clifton Forge, VA · Accident · Serious injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Sep 16, 1991 · N7LR · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's misjudgement of altitude, distance and speed which resulted in landing overshoot.
- [NTSB SEA91LA236](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/SEA91LA236.md): Mooney M20F · Kent, WA · Accident · Minor injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Sep 15, 1991 · N3492N · Substantial damage
  > Failure of the pilot to maintain directional control and proper runway alignment during the landing and go-around (aborted landing). Factors related to the accident were: the pilot's improper flare and improper recovery from a bounced landing, which resulted…
- [NTSB FTW91LA161](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/FTW91LA161.md): Barnes AX 7 · Baytown, TX · Accident · Serious injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Sep 15, 1991 · N5182U · No damage
  > The crewmembers improper posture during landing which led to a serious injury.
- [NTSB SEA91LA241](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/SEA91LA241.md): Cessna 172N · St George, UT · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Sep 14, 1991 · N2185E · Substantial damage
  > Improper planning/decision by the student pilot. The crosswind and the student's lack of experience were related factors.
- [NTSB LAX91LA405](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX91LA405.md): Bell 47G2 · Keaau, HI · Accident · Minor injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Sep 14, 1991 · N6708D · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's landing hard. A contributing factor in this accident was the aircraft emitting a vibration from an unknown source.
- [NTSB NYC91LA237](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/NYC91LA237.md): Piper PA-28-140 · Johnstown, PA · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Sep 13, 1991 · N38147 · Substantial damage
  > A collision with a deer while landing. A factor related to the accident was night conditions which restricted the pilot's view of the deer until it was within the illumination of the landing light.
- [NTSB ANC91LA149](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ANC91LA149.md): Champion 7AC · Skwentna, AK · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Sep 12, 1991 · N9172L · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's failure in not maintaining aircraft control on landing. Contributing to the accident was the rough, uneven terrain and a wet and slick landing area.
- [NTSB SEA91LA232](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/SEA91LA232.md): Cessna 140 · Gates, OR · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Sep 11, 1991 · N76006 · Substantial damage
  > The student pilot's excessive remedial action. Factors to the accident were poor supervision by the CFI.
- [NTSB NYC91LA233](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/NYC91LA233.md): Piper PA-34-200 · Easton, PA · Accident · Minor injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Sep 10, 1991 · N55145 · Substantial damage
  > An overrun after the pilot-in-command landed long on a short, wet runway. A factor related to the accident was the failure of the pilot to make a go-around.
- [NTSB SEA91LA234](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/SEA91LA234.md): Cessna 182A · Grants Pass, OR · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Sep 8, 1991 · N3974D · Substantial damage
  > Pilot's selection of unsuitable terrain for a precautionary landing. Factors related to the accident were: motion sickness of the passenger, wet grass runway, the pilot's self-induced pressure to land at the accident airport, and the ditch.
- [NTSB CHI91LA293](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI91LA293.md): Cessna 185 · Duluth, MN · Accident · Minor injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Sep 8, 1991 · N1637Z · Substantial damage
  > Premature touchdown while landing by the pic/cfi. Factors related to the accident were low ceilings, rain, and haze; weather evaluation misjudged by the pic/cfi; and visual outlook reduced.
- [NTSB SEA91LA245](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/SEA91LA245.md): Cessna 210 · Arlington, WA · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Sep 7, 1991 · N9551T · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's failure to extend the landing gear. A factor contributing to the accident was the pilot's failure to utilize the landing checklist.
- [NTSB SEA91LA244](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/SEA91LA244.md): Grumman G-44 · Metaline Falls, WA · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Sep 7, 1991 · N63350 · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's inadvertent use of the parking brake. A factor contributing to the accident was the absence of the parking brake on the landing checklist.
- [NTSB CHI91LA292](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI91LA292.md): Balloon Works Firefly X-7 · Altoona, IA · Accident · Serious injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Sep 7, 1991 · N4055T · No damage
  > Weather evaluation misjudged and overconfidence in personal ability. A factor related to the accident was high winds.
- [NTSB CHI91LA289](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI91LA289.md): Piper PA-38-112 · Kansas City, MO · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Sep 7, 1991 · N11BA · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's misjudgement of the landing flare and not maintaining directional control during a landing touchdown and roll. A factor was the pilot's lack of total expereince.
- [NTSB CHI91LA288](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI91LA288.md): Cessna 185F · Afton, MN · Accident · Minor injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Sep 6, 1991 · N1074F · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's inadvertent lowering of the wheels during the water landing.
- [NTSB ANC91LA141](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ANC91LA141.md): Cessna 170-B · Iowa Ridge, AK · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Sep 4, 1991 · N2487D · Substantial damage
  > The pilot-in-command's failure to identify the rough and uneven, unsuitable terrain. Contributing to the accident was the rough and uneven terrain.
- [NTSB LAX91LA384](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX91LA384.md): North American AT-6D · Hayward, CA · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Sep 2, 1991 · N3660V · Substantial damage
  > The failure of the pilot to maintain directional control of the aircraft while correcting an unwanted deviation.
- [NTSB LAX91LA380](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX91LA380.md): Cessna C-340A · Brawley, CA · Accident · Minor injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Sep 2, 1991 · N4298C · Destroyed
  > The pilot's selection of the wrong landing runway and his failure to attain the proper touchdown location. Factors which contributed to the accident were related to the pilot's inadequate observations of the weather and the tailwind condition which existed.
- [NTSB CHI91LA284](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI91LA284.md): Piper PA-22-108 · Pulaski, WI · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Sep 2, 1991 · N5898Z · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's inadequate compensation for wind conditions. The gusty crosswind was a related factor.
- [NTSB NYC91LA228](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/NYC91LA228.md): Sportavia-Putzer RF5B · Lockport, NY · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Sep 1, 1991 · N55SM · Substantial damage
  > The failure of the pilot to maintain directional control of the glider during landing. A factor related to the accident was the turbulence encountered on approach.
- [NTSB LAX91LA379](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX91LA379.md): Cessna C-152 · Palo Alto, CA · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Sep 1, 1991 · N89022 · Substantial damage
  > Improper recovery from a bounced landing by the student pilot and the delayed remedial action of the instructor pilot. Contributing to this accident was the student pilot's failure to maintain the proper descent rate which resulted in a bounced landing and…
- [NTSB SEA91LA228](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/SEA91LA228.md): Cessna 172N · Butte, MT · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Aug 31, 1991 · N2396E · Substantial damage
  > Unfavorable winds. Factors to the accident were: inadequate weather evaluation and lack of total flight experience.
- [NTSB DEN91LA128](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/DEN91LA128.md): Cessna 172N · Englewood, CO · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Aug 31, 1991 · N2417E · Substantial damage
  > The student pilot misjudged his landing flare. A factor was: the pilot's lack of experience.
- [NTSB CHI91LA286](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI91LA286.md): Cessna 170B · Frankfort, IL · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Aug 31, 1991 · N8244A · Substantial damage
  > The pilot in command's failure to maintain directional control. A contributing factor was a crosswind.

Next page: https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-phases/550/cases.md?page=349

## The whole list in SQL

Runs in DuckDB 1.2 or later on the release's Parquet files over HTTPS:

```sql
WITH phase_names(main, name) AS (VALUES (100, 'Prior to flight'), (150, 'Standing'), (200, 'Pushback/towing'), (250, 'Taxi'), (300, 'Takeoff'), (350, 'Initial climb'), (400, 'Enroute'), (450, 'Maneuvering'), (500, 'Approach'), (550, 'Landing'), (600, 'Emergency descent'), (650, 'Uncontrolled descent'), (700, 'Post-impact'), (750, 'After landing'), (800, 'Other'), (990, 'Unknown')),
  crosswalk(code, main, name) AS (VALUES (500, 150, 'Standing'), (501, 150, 'Standing - pre-flight'), (502, 150, 'Standing - starting engine(s)'), (503, 150, 'Standing - engine(s) operating'), (504, 150, 'Standing - engine(s) not operating'), (505, 150, 'Standing - idling rotors'), (510, 250, 'Taxi'), (511, 200, 'Taxi - pushback/tow'), (512, 250, 'Taxi - to takeoff'), (513, 250, 'Taxi - from landing'), (514, 250, 'Taxi - aerial'), (520, 300, 'Takeoff'), (521, 300, 'Takeoff - roll/run'), (522, 350, 'Takeoff - initial climb'), (523, 300, 'Takeoff - aborted'), (530, 400, 'Climb'), (531, 400, 'Climb - to cruise'), (540, 400, 'Cruise'), (541, 400, 'Cruise - normal'), (542, 400, 'Maneuvering - holding (IFR)'), (550, 400, 'Descent'), (551, 400, 'Descent - normal'), (552, 600, 'Descent - emergency'), (553, 650, 'Descent - uncontrolled'), (560, 500, 'Approach'), (561, 500, 'Approach - VFR pattern - downwind'), (562, 500, 'Approach - VFR pattern - base turn'), (563, 500, 'Approach - VFR pattern - base leg/base to final'), (564, 500, 'Approach - VFR pattern - final approach'), (565, 500, 'Go-around (VFR)'), (566, 500, 'Approach - IAF to FAF/outer marker (IFR)'), (567, 500, 'Approach - FAF/outer marker to threshold (IFR)'), (568, 500, 'Circling (IFR)'), (569, 500, 'Missed approach (IFR)'), (570, 550, 'Landing'), (571, 550, 'Landing - flare/touchdown'), (572, 550, 'Landing - roll'), (573, 550, 'Landing - aborted'), (574, 550, 'Emergency landing'), (575, 550, 'Emergency landing after takeoff'), (576, 600, 'Emergency descent/landing'), (580, 450, 'Maneuvering'), (581, 450, 'Maneuvering - aerial application'), (582, 450, 'Maneuvering - turn to reverse direction'), (583, 450, 'Maneuvering - turn to landing area (emergency)'), (590, 450, 'Hover'), (591, 450, 'Hover - in ground effect'), (592, 450, 'Hover - out of ground effect'), (600, 800, 'Other'), (610, 990, 'Unknown')),
  current_codes AS (
    SELECT e.case_mkey, TRY_CAST(e."tier1Number" AS INTEGER) AS code,
      row_number() OVER (PARTITION BY e.case_mkey ORDER BY coalesce(e."isDefiningEvent", false) DESC, e.position) AS n
    FROM 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_events.parquet' e
    WHERE e.aircrafts_position = 1 AND e."tier1Number" GLOB '[1-9][0-9]*'
      AND (e."isDefiningEvent" OR e.case_mkey IN (SELECT "mKey" FROM 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_case_detail.parquet' WHERE "isPre1982"))
  ),
  phases AS (
    SELECT case_mkey, 'current' AS scheme, code, CASE WHEN code >= 990 THEN 990 ELSE code // 50 * 50 END AS main
    FROM current_codes WHERE n = 1
    UNION ALL
    SELECT o.case_mkey, 'older', o."phaseOfFlightCode", w.main
    FROM 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_occurrences.parquet' o JOIN crosswalk w ON w.code = o."phaseOfFlightCode"
    WHERE o.aircrafts_position = 1 AND o."occurrenceNumber" = 1 AND o.case_mkey NOT IN (SELECT case_mkey FROM current_codes)
  ),
  case_phases AS (
    SELECT p.*, c."eventDate", c."highestInjuryLevel" = 'Fatal' AS fatal, a.aircraft_model_code
    FROM phases p JOIN 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_case_detail.parquet' c ON c."mKey" = p.case_mkey
    LEFT JOIN 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_aircrafts.parquet' a ON a.case_mkey = p.case_mkey AND a.position = 1
    WHERE c."eventDate" >= DATE '1962-01-01' AND p.main IN (SELECT main FROM phase_names)
  )
SELECT c."ntsbNumber", c."eventDate", c."eventType", c."eventCity", c."eventStateOrRegion", a.n_number, a."aircraftMake", a."aircraftModel", c."highestInjuryLevel", c."totalFatal", c."completionStatus", c.report_url
FROM 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_case_detail.parquet' c LEFT JOIN 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_aircrafts.parquet' a ON a.case_mkey = c."mKey" AND a.position = 1
WHERE c."mKey" IN (SELECT case_mkey FROM case_phases WHERE main = 550)
ORDER BY c."eventDate" DESC, c."ntsbNumber" DESC
```

This list as a web page: https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-phases/550/cases?page=348

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