# NTSB investigations: Landing

NTSB aviation accident and incident investigations since 1962: the probable cause, findings, aircraft, crew, weather and docket of each, linked to the FAA registry and the FAA’s own reports.

Page 349 of 1,075 · 53,703 cases

## Cases, newest first

- [NTSB ANC91LA138](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ANC91LA138.md): De Havilland DHC-2 · Cube Cove, AK · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Aug 31, 1991 · N2738G · Substantial damage
  > The encounter with windshear.
- [NTSB CHI91LA281](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI91LA281.md): Piper PA-28R-180 · Newark, IL · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Aug 30, 1991 · N3704T · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's poor inflight planning/decision making. A related factor was: the wet, slippery condition of the grass runway.
- [NTSB ANC91LA139](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ANC91LA139.md): Cessna 206 · Kelly River, AK · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Aug 30, 1991 · N2070K · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's inadequate judgment in deciding to land a tricycle gear airplane on a sandbar.
- [NTSB ANC91LA137](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ANC91LA137.md): Cessna 185-F · Cordova, AK · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Aug 29, 1991 · N1296F · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's failure to maintain directional control of the airplane during the landing roll.
- [NTSB SEA91LA222](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/SEA91LA222.md): Cessna 170B · Heber City, UT · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Aug 26, 1991 · N4653C · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's failure to maintain directional control during landing ground roll. A factor relating to the accident was the crosswind weather conditions.
- [NTSB ANC91LA159](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ANC91LA159.md): Piper PA-18 · Dry Bay, AK · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Aug 26, 1991 · N6644Z · Substantial damage
  > The pilot failed to maintain adequate airspeed and stalled the airplane. Contributing to the accident was the unsuitable terrain on which the pilot chose to land.
- [NTSB DEN91LA118](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/DEN91LA118.md): Let L-13 · Aspen, CO · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Aug 25, 1991 · N2238 · Substantial damage
  > The pilot turning off the runway with excessive speed.
- [NTSB CHI91LA271](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI91LA271.md): Piper PA-20 · Saginaw, MI · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Aug 25, 1991 · N7732K · Substantial damage
  > Directional control was not maintained by the pilot which resulted in a ground loop. A factor related to the accident was a crosswind.
- [NTSB ANC91LA133](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ANC91LA133.md): Beech B-18H · White Mountain, AK · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Aug 25, 1991 · N228A · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's failure to maintain directional control of the airplane during the landing roll.
- [NTSB LAX91LA373](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX91LA373.md): Cessna 152 · Montague, CA · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Aug 24, 1991 · N757ZJ · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's improper flare and improper go-around procedure. Contributing to the accident was the lack of total pilot experience.
- [NTSB LAX91LA372](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX91LA372.md): Cessna 182 · Columbia, CA · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Aug 24, 1991 · N7589S · Substantial damage
  > The pilot of the aircraft experienced a bounced landing on his initial landing attempt. He executed a go-around and landed without incident on the second attempt. Substantial damage to the firewall was discovered afterwards. The pilot believes the bounced…
- [NTSB FTW91LA156](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/FTW91LA156.md): Cessna 150J · Tomball, TX · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Aug 24, 1991 · N60544 · Substantial damage
  > An improper recovery from a bounced landing.
- [NTSB FTW91LA154](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/FTW91LA154.md): Bell L4 Experimental · Arlington, TX · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Aug 24, 1991 · N2770X · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's failure to maintain adequate rotor RPM during the planned autorotation and his improper touchdown.
- [NTSB FTW91LA152](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/FTW91LA152.md): Cessna 140 · Ward, AR · Accident · Minor injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Aug 23, 1991 · N2559N · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's failure to maintain directional control.
- [NTSB MIA91LA200](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/MIA91LA200.md): Cessna 152 · Marianna, FL · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Aug 21, 1991 · N757TM · Substantial damage
  > The student pilot's failure to maintain proper airspeed during landing and failure to execute a go-around in a timely manner.
- [NTSB CHI91LA268](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI91LA268.md): Cessna 150 · St. Clair, MO · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Aug 21, 1991 · N6326G · Substantial damage
  > Directional control was not maintained by the pilot.
- [NTSB FTW91LA148](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/FTW91LA148.md): Beech B19 · Poteau, OK · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Aug 20, 1991 · N9741L · Destroyed
  > The improper flare technique utilitzed by the pilot under instruction. A factor was the failure of the check pilot to intervene.
- [NTSB ANC91LA129](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ANC91LA129.md): Cessna 172 · Montague Island, AK · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Aug 19, 1991 · N7966B · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's failure to maintain control of the airplane during the landing roll. A factor was the unsuitable terrain selected for landing by the pilot, which was loose gravel, rough and uneven.
- [NTSB FTW91LA150](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/FTW91LA150.md): Hughes 269A-1 · No. Little Rock, AR · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Aug 18, 1991 · N65372 · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's failure to maintain main rotor RPM, his delayed flare, and the improper touchdown.
- [NTSB SEA91LA214](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/SEA91LA214.md): Beech 58TC · Kalispell, MT · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Aug 17, 1991 · N350TH · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's failure to extend the landing gear. A factor contributing to the accident was the pilot's failure to identtify a down and locked landing gear condition prior to touchdown.
- [NTSB NYC91LA214](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/NYC91LA214.md): Piper PA-32-301 · Montauk, NY · Accident · Minor injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Aug 17, 1991 · N4368W · Substantial damage
  > The pilot made a hard landing, resulting in the main landing gear collapsing. Contributing to the accident was the pilot's interpretation of the wind conditions, misjudgment of the flare causing the airplane to balloon and stall.
- [NTSB DEN91LA115](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/DEN91LA115.md): Luscombe 8A · Parker, CO · Accident · Minor injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Aug 17, 1991 · N2253K · Substantial damage
  > Physical impairment of the pilot in command for unknown reasons.
- [NTSB NYC91LA210](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/NYC91LA210.md): Cessna 172N · Sandusky, OH · Accident · Minor injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Aug 16, 1991 · N64834 · Substantial damage
  > The pilot initiated an emergency landing when the engine RPM went to zero due to a broken tachometer cable. He did not attain the proper touchdown point and overran the end of the runway.
- [NTSB ATL91LA163](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ATL91LA163.md): Bell 47D1 · Winton, NC · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Aug 16, 1991 · N1MH · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's selection of unsuitable terrain for landing the helicopter.
- [NTSB CHI91LA263](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI91LA263.md): Beech 36 · Davenport, IA · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Aug 15, 1991 · N25496 · 2 aircraft · Substantial damage
  > The inadequate visual lookout and poor inflight planning and decision making by the pilot of N97867. Factors in the accident are inoperative exterior lights and radio communication not possible.
- [NTSB CHI91FA264](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI91FA264.md): Cessna 182Q · Jerseyville, IL · Accident · 2 fatal · Field investigation · Final report · Aug 15, 1991 · N735XG · Destroyed
  > Failure of the pilot to follow proper procedures during a go-around maneuver, and his failure to maintain adequate airspeed, which resulted in an inadvertent stall. Factors related to the accident were: the pilot's improper use of the flaps, his improper use…
- [NTSB CHI91DCA02](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI91DCA02.md): Manville Avid Flyer · Mexico, MO · Accident · Minor injuries · Final report · Aug 13, 1991 · N714J · Substantial damage
  > Failure of the pilot to maintain directional control during a landing roll. A factor associated with the accident is the pilot's lack of familiarity with the accident airplane.
- [NTSB LAX91LA354](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX91LA354.md): Bellanca 7KCAB · Monterey, CA · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Aug 11, 1991 · N31279 · Substantial damage
  > The failure of the pilot to maintain directional control of the aircraft during the landing roll.
- [NTSB CHI91LA262](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI91LA262.md): Cessna 310 · Plattsmouth, NE · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Aug 10, 1991 · N4827B · Substantial damage
  > Improper maintenance by the owner/pilot. A factor related to the accident was the built-up of corrosion on he landing gear retraction system.
- [NTSB ANC91LA123](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ANC91LA123.md): Piper PA-18-150 · Gulkana, AK · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Aug 10, 1991 · N180AT · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's failure to maintain adequate airspeed, resulting in a stall, hard landing and collapse of the main landing gear.
- [NTSB CHI91LA252](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI91LA252.md): Piper PA-28-161 · Mount Pleasant, MI · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Aug 7, 1991 · N4189Q · Substantial damage
  > Directional control was not maintained by the pilot. Factors related to the accident were a wet, grass runway and buildings adjacent the runway.
- [NTSB ANC91LA116](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ANC91LA116.md): Piper PA-22 · Gulkana, AK · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Aug 7, 1991 · N6058D · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's failure to maintain directional control of the airplane during the landing roll. Contributing to the accident was the unsuitable terrain selected by the pilot for landing which was rough, uneven and soft.
- [NTSB NYC91LA204](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/NYC91LA204.md): Cessna 150J · Burgettstown, PA · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Aug 6, 1991 · N60689 · Substantial damage
  > The pilot-in-command's failure to maintain control of the airplane on the landing roll, resulting in an on ground collision with a tree. Factors related to the accident was the pilot's improper use of the brake system.
- [NTSB CHI91LA255](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI91LA255.md): Cessna 180 · Walker, MN · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Aug 6, 1991 · N1637C · Substantial damage
  > Directional control after landing was not maintained by the pilot. Factors related to the accident were a gusty crosswind and a downhill embankment (ditch).
- [NTSB LAX91LA368](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX91LA368.md): Cessna C-T210N · Modesto, CA · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Aug 4, 1991 · N5092Y · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's failure to maintain the proper alignment over the runway. Factors which contributed to the accident were the pilot's inattentive handling of his aircraft, and the dark, nighttime condition.
- [NTSB NYC91LA202](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/NYC91LA202.md): Cessna 152 · Brookville, OH · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Aug 3, 1991 · N8144L · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's improper use of the flight controls resulting in loss of directional control and an inadvertent stall.
- [NTSB NYC91LA198](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/NYC91LA198.md): Piper PA-32R-300 · Atlantic City, NJ · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Aug 3, 1991 · N2237M · 2 aircraft · Substantial damage
  > The failure of the pilot of N6877M to insure the runway was clear prior to pulling onto the runway.
- [NTSB DEN91LA109](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/DEN91LA109.md): Beech V35 · Byers, CO · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Aug 3, 1991 · N2751T · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's selection of an unsuitable landing site. Factors were: weather conditions and the ditch.
- [NTSB SEA91LA199](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/SEA91LA199.md): Cessna C-152 · W. Yellowstone, MT · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Aug 2, 1991 · N757PR · Substantial damage
  > The failure by the pilot to calculate aircraft fuel comsumption and the pilot's poor inflight planning. Factors relating to the accident were the inadequate preflight planning by the pilot, his lack of qualification and experience, and his disorientation…
- [NTSB CHI91LA253](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI91LA253.md): Cessna 180 · Eveleth, MN · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Aug 2, 1991 · N9377T · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's failure to maintain the proper descent rate and adequate airspeed during the approach. A factor related to the accident is the lack of recent total experience.
- [NTSB CHI91LA249](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI91LA249.md): Cessna 172 · Wheeling, IL · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Aug 2, 1991 · N97650 · Substantial damage
  > Inadequate compensation for wind conditions and directional control was not maintained by the pilot. Factors related to the accident were a gusty crosswind landing environment and a ditch.
- [NTSB BFO91FA072](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/BFO91FA072.md): Cessna 210N · Petersburg, VA · Accident · 1 fatal · Field investigation · Final report · Aug 2, 1991 · N2112S · Destroyed
  > The pilot's inadequate pre-takeoff check and his failure to abort the takeoff. Inadequate maintenance of the engine was a factor.
- [NTSB ATL91LA151](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ATL91LA151.md): Cessna 182L · Macon, NC · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Aug 2, 1991 · N3146R · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's failure to accurately judge the distance required to stop the airplane. A factor in the accident was the wet, grass runway surface at the time of the accident.
- [NTSB LAX91LA338](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX91LA338.md): Cessna 421C · Auburn, CA · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Aug 1, 1991 · N98455 · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's failure to attain the proper touchdown point while landing.
- [NTSB CHI91LA238](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI91LA238.md): Cessna 140 · Cadillac, MI · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Aug 1, 1991 · N76535 · Substantial damage
  > Improper compensation for wind conditions resulting in aircraft control not being maintained. Factors related to the accident were a gusty crosswind condition and lack of total experience by the pilot.
- [NTSB LAX91LA336](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX91LA336.md): Cessna 172N · Sedona, AZ · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jul 31, 1991 · N2946E · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's misjudged landing flare and his failure to maintain a proper go-around course over the runway.
- [NTSB FTW91LA135](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/FTW91LA135.md): Beech BE-19 · Mesquite, TX · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jul 31, 1991 · N1927L · Substantial damage
  > The flight instructor's inadequate supervision of the student. Factors were the dual student's misjudgement of altitude and premature flare of the airplane.
- [NTSB CHI91LA236](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI91LA236.md): Piper PA-28-140 · Maple Lake, MN · Accident · Minor injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jul 31, 1991 · N55924 · Substantial damage
  > Directional control was not maintained by the pilot. A factor related to the accident was the pilot's lack of total experience.
- [NTSB ATL91LA149](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ATL91LA149.md): Piper PA-31-325 · Spartanburg, SC · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jul 31, 1991 · N300HF · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's failure to follow the checklist and extend the landing gear prior to touchdown.
- [NTSB CHI91LA243](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI91LA243.md): Cessna 172 · Oberlin, KS · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jul 30, 1991 · N7113A · Substantial damage
  > The student pilot's failure to maintain directional control during landing. Factors in the accident were the pilot's discontinuing his crosswind compensation and his lack of experience in the type of operation.

Next page: https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-phases/550/cases.md?page=350

## The whole list in SQL

Runs in DuckDB 1.2 or later on the release's Parquet files over HTTPS:

```sql
WITH phase_names(main, name) AS (VALUES (100, 'Prior to flight'), (150, 'Standing'), (200, 'Pushback/towing'), (250, 'Taxi'), (300, 'Takeoff'), (350, 'Initial climb'), (400, 'Enroute'), (450, 'Maneuvering'), (500, 'Approach'), (550, 'Landing'), (600, 'Emergency descent'), (650, 'Uncontrolled descent'), (700, 'Post-impact'), (750, 'After landing'), (800, 'Other'), (990, 'Unknown')),
  crosswalk(code, main, name) AS (VALUES (500, 150, 'Standing'), (501, 150, 'Standing - pre-flight'), (502, 150, 'Standing - starting engine(s)'), (503, 150, 'Standing - engine(s) operating'), (504, 150, 'Standing - engine(s) not operating'), (505, 150, 'Standing - idling rotors'), (510, 250, 'Taxi'), (511, 200, 'Taxi - pushback/tow'), (512, 250, 'Taxi - to takeoff'), (513, 250, 'Taxi - from landing'), (514, 250, 'Taxi - aerial'), (520, 300, 'Takeoff'), (521, 300, 'Takeoff - roll/run'), (522, 350, 'Takeoff - initial climb'), (523, 300, 'Takeoff - aborted'), (530, 400, 'Climb'), (531, 400, 'Climb - to cruise'), (540, 400, 'Cruise'), (541, 400, 'Cruise - normal'), (542, 400, 'Maneuvering - holding (IFR)'), (550, 400, 'Descent'), (551, 400, 'Descent - normal'), (552, 600, 'Descent - emergency'), (553, 650, 'Descent - uncontrolled'), (560, 500, 'Approach'), (561, 500, 'Approach - VFR pattern - downwind'), (562, 500, 'Approach - VFR pattern - base turn'), (563, 500, 'Approach - VFR pattern - base leg/base to final'), (564, 500, 'Approach - VFR pattern - final approach'), (565, 500, 'Go-around (VFR)'), (566, 500, 'Approach - IAF to FAF/outer marker (IFR)'), (567, 500, 'Approach - FAF/outer marker to threshold (IFR)'), (568, 500, 'Circling (IFR)'), (569, 500, 'Missed approach (IFR)'), (570, 550, 'Landing'), (571, 550, 'Landing - flare/touchdown'), (572, 550, 'Landing - roll'), (573, 550, 'Landing - aborted'), (574, 550, 'Emergency landing'), (575, 550, 'Emergency landing after takeoff'), (576, 600, 'Emergency descent/landing'), (580, 450, 'Maneuvering'), (581, 450, 'Maneuvering - aerial application'), (582, 450, 'Maneuvering - turn to reverse direction'), (583, 450, 'Maneuvering - turn to landing area (emergency)'), (590, 450, 'Hover'), (591, 450, 'Hover - in ground effect'), (592, 450, 'Hover - out of ground effect'), (600, 800, 'Other'), (610, 990, 'Unknown')),
  current_codes AS (
    SELECT e.case_mkey, TRY_CAST(e."tier1Number" AS INTEGER) AS code,
      row_number() OVER (PARTITION BY e.case_mkey ORDER BY coalesce(e."isDefiningEvent", false) DESC, e.position) AS n
    FROM 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_events.parquet' e
    WHERE e.aircrafts_position = 1 AND e."tier1Number" GLOB '[1-9][0-9]*'
      AND (e."isDefiningEvent" OR e.case_mkey IN (SELECT "mKey" FROM 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_case_detail.parquet' WHERE "isPre1982"))
  ),
  phases AS (
    SELECT case_mkey, 'current' AS scheme, code, CASE WHEN code >= 990 THEN 990 ELSE code // 50 * 50 END AS main
    FROM current_codes WHERE n = 1
    UNION ALL
    SELECT o.case_mkey, 'older', o."phaseOfFlightCode", w.main
    FROM 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_occurrences.parquet' o JOIN crosswalk w ON w.code = o."phaseOfFlightCode"
    WHERE o.aircrafts_position = 1 AND o."occurrenceNumber" = 1 AND o.case_mkey NOT IN (SELECT case_mkey FROM current_codes)
  ),
  case_phases AS (
    SELECT p.*, c."eventDate", c."highestInjuryLevel" = 'Fatal' AS fatal, a.aircraft_model_code
    FROM phases p JOIN 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_case_detail.parquet' c ON c."mKey" = p.case_mkey
    LEFT JOIN 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_aircrafts.parquet' a ON a.case_mkey = p.case_mkey AND a.position = 1
    WHERE c."eventDate" >= DATE '1962-01-01' AND p.main IN (SELECT main FROM phase_names)
  )
SELECT c."ntsbNumber", c."eventDate", c."eventType", c."eventCity", c."eventStateOrRegion", a.n_number, a."aircraftMake", a."aircraftModel", c."highestInjuryLevel", c."totalFatal", c."completionStatus", c.report_url
FROM 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_case_detail.parquet' c LEFT JOIN 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_aircrafts.parquet' a ON a.case_mkey = c."mKey" AND a.position = 1
WHERE c."mKey" IN (SELECT case_mkey FROM case_phases WHERE main = 550)
ORDER BY c."eventDate" DESC, c."ntsbNumber" DESC
```

This list as a web page: https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-phases/550/cases?page=349

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