# NTSB investigations: Landing

NTSB aviation accident and incident investigations since 1962: the probable cause, findings, aircraft, crew, weather and docket of each, linked to the FAA registry and the FAA’s own reports.

Page 352 of 1,075 · 53,703 cases

## Cases, newest first

- [NTSB LAX91LA264](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX91LA264.md): Robinson R-22B · Phoenix, AZ · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jun 17, 1991 · N4034K · Destroyed
  > The failure of the student to maintain the proper rotor RPM while performing a practice autorotation, and, the failure of the flight instructor to properly supervise the conduct of the flight and to take timely corrective action.
- [NTSB FTW91LA098](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/FTW91LA098.md): Sikorsky S76A · Ship Shoal 290k · Accident · Serious injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jun 17, 1991 · N5418N · Destroyed
  > The copilot's reduction of power to ground idle on both engines. Factors were the pilot's poor landing technique and his failure to establish adequate crew coordination.
- [NTSB SEA91LA138](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/SEA91LA138.md): Cessna C175 · East Glacier, MT · Accident · Minor injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jun 16, 1991 · N7468M · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's failure to maintain sufficient airspeed. Contributing to the accident was: the gusty wind conditions and the pilot's lack of experience in this type of operation.
- [NTSB LAX91LA261](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX91LA261.md): Cessna T-210 · San Carlos, CA · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jun 16, 1991 · N762GP · Substantial damage
  > The pilot-in-command's failure to maintain directional control on landing. Factors related to the accident were the pic's inadequate compensation for wind conditions and improper recovery procedures from a bounced landing.
- [NTSB DEN91LA085](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/DEN91LA085.md): Cessna 172J · Rifle, CO · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jun 16, 1991 · N9885J · Substantial damage
  > The student pilot improperly flared the aircraft during landing.
- [NTSB DEN91LA084](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/DEN91LA084.md): Cessna 182Q · Lafayette, CO · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jun 16, 1991 · N94596 · Substantial damage
  > The pic's abrupt touchdown. Factors were: approach reference speed not maintained, proper descent rate not maintained by the PIC and inattention by the designated examiner.
- [NTSB CHI91LA180](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI91LA180.md): Cessna 180 · Orr, MN · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jun 16, 1991 · N4636B · Substantial damage
  > Because of inadequate compensation for the wind conditions, aircraft control was lost by the pilot. A factor related to the accident was a gusty crosswind landing environment.
- [NTSB CHI91DEP10](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI91DEP10.md): Allan R. Goldman Dragonfly · Kenosha, WI · Accident · No injuries · Final report · Jun 16, 1991 · N222TH · Substantial damage
  > Inadequate aircraft design and insufficient information regarding wing versus canard angle for an amateur built aircraft.
- [NTSB NYC91DHA02](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/NYC91DHA02.md): Vans RV-4 · Manville, NJ · Accident · Minor injuries · Final report · Jun 15, 1991 · N222KM · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's failure to maintain directional control of the airplane after an aborted landing, which resulted in the airplane colliding with a mound of dirt off the runway.
- [NTSB FTW91LA097](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/FTW91LA097.md): Piper PA-34-200T · New Orleans, LA · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jun 14, 1991 · N44447 · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's improper recovery from a bounced landing. A factor was: the pilot's lack of total experience in model.
- [NTSB DEN91LA086](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/DEN91LA086.md): Naval Aircraft Factory N3N-3 · Deming, NM · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jun 14, 1991 · N44970 · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's failure to maintain directional control. Factors were: a crosswind condition and a soft shoulder alongside the runway.
- [NTSB CHI91LA191](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI91LA191.md): Piper PA-22-150 · Eagle Bend, MN · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jun 14, 1991 · N3130Z · Substantial damage
  > The pilot in command's failure to attain proper alignment with the runway. Factors contributing to this accident were an unreliable airspeed indicator and the pilot's decision to operate with this known deficiency.
- [NTSB CHI91LA190](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI91LA190.md): Cessna 195 · Detroit, MI · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jun 13, 1991 · N4351V · Substantial damage
  > Failure to maintain directional control, and inadequate aircraft preflight. A factor related to the accident is the instructor pilot's lack of experience in the type aircraft.
- [NTSB LAX91LA277](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX91LA277.md): Fairchild SA227-AC · Visalia, CA · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jun 11, 1991 · N348AE · Substantial damage
  > The instructor/pilot-in-command's failure to adequately supervise the flight and the second pilot's improper use of the checklist and failure to maintain crew coordination to ensure that the landing gear was extended. Contributing to the accident was the…
- [NTSB ATL91LA109](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ATL91LA109.md): Cessna 172M · Knighdale, NC · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jun 11, 1991 · N12498 · Substantial damage
  > Failure of the pilot to attain the proper touch down point on the runway and/or perform a go-around.
- [NTSB CHI91LA187](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI91LA187.md): Grumman American AA1C · Lansing, KS · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jun 10, 1991 · N9688U · Substantial damage
  > The pilot became lost/disoriented and attempted a precautionary landing. Factors related to the accident were a low level of fuel and soft terrain (wheat field crop).
- [NTSB ANC91LA068](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ANC91LA068.md): Cessna 140 · Kenai, AK · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jun 10, 1991 · N81074 · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's failure to maintain directional control. A factor was the gusty wind conditions.
- [NTSB ANC91LA071](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ANC91LA071.md): Piper PA-18 · Anchorage, AK · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jun 9, 1991 · N8466Y · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's failure to maintain directional control of the airplane during the landing roll. Contributing to the accident was the crosswind.
- [NTSB ANC91LA070](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ANC91LA070.md): Cessna 180 · Near Iliamna, AK · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jun 9, 1991 · N5296D · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's decision to land on an unimproved area. The soft terrain was a related factor.
- [NTSB NYC91LA152](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/NYC91LA152.md): Glasflugel Libelle 201B · Saratoga, NY · Accident · Serious injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jun 8, 1991 · N8041D · Substantial damage
  > The failure of the pilot to adequately flare when making an uphill landing. Factors related to the accident were the pilot continued attempts at finding lift which reduced his landing options when he decided to land.
- [NTSB DEN91LA081](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/DEN91LA081.md): Cessna 182P · Santa Fe, NM · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jun 8, 1991 · N8494M · Substantial damage
  > The pilot misjudged the flare during landing.
- [NTSB CHI91DEX03](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI91DEX03.md): Cessna 320F · Washington, IN · Accident · No injuries · Final report · Jun 8, 1991 · N6158Q · Substantial damage
  > Exceeding the aircraft's proper descent rate by the pilot in command. Factors related to the accident were inoperative runway edge lights, proper alignment not attained, improperly planned approach, and inadequate facility maintenance.
- [NTSB ANC91LA069](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ANC91LA069.md): Cessna 206 · Kahiltna River, AK · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jun 8, 1991 · N5039U · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's excessive descent and lack of familiarity with the aircraft. Contributing to the accident was the soft condition of the sand bar.
- [NTSB LAX91LA246](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX91LA246.md): Cessna 182 · Lincoln, CA · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jun 5, 1991 · N2489X · Substantial damage
  > That the pilot-in-command improperly flared the airplane by misjudging the altitude and improper recovery from the bounced landing.
- [NTSB CHI91LA186](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI91LA186.md): Piper PA-28R-200 · Pulaski, WI · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jun 5, 1991 · N111CP · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's failure to select a proper touchdown point. A factor in the accident was inadequate runway maintenance by airport personnel.
- [NTSB NYC91LA149](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/NYC91LA149.md): Piper PA-28-181 · Dushore, PA · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jun 3, 1991 · N2177X · Substantial damage
  > The pilot landed with excessive airspeed, which resulted in ineffective braking and a loss of control.
- [NTSB MIA91LA159](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/MIA91LA159.md): Cessna 152 · Pensacola, FL · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jun 3, 1991 · N65416 · Substantial damage
  > The pilot-in-command's improper flare and recovery from a bounced landing resulting in a hard landing and collapse of the nose landing gear.
- [NTSB ANC91LA064](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ANC91LA064.md): Cessna 170B · Anchorage, AK · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jun 3, 1991 · N1658D · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's failure to maintain directional control during the landing roll. The unfavorable wind was a related factor.
- [NTSB NYC91LA150](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/NYC91LA150.md): Piper PA-28R-201T · Tuckhannock, PA · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jun 2, 1991 · N47667 · Substantial damage
  > The failure of the pilot to achieve a proper touchdown point. A factor related to the accident was the pilot's failure to make a go-around.
- [NTSB LAX91LA230](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX91LA230.md): Cessna P210N · Palm Springs, CA · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · May 31, 1991 · N818BF · Substantial damage
  > Failure of the pilot to maintain directional control during the landing roll.
- [NTSB CHI91LA176](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI91LA176.md): Cessna 152 II · Holland, MI · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · May 31, 1991 · N714UH · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's failure to maintain control of the airplane during the touchdown and landing roll on a sod runway. Factors in the accident are the uneven terrain at the runway intersection, and the pilot's improper recovery from a bounced landing.
- [NTSB FTW91LA087](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/FTW91LA087.md): Boeing A-75 · Horseshoe Bend, AR · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · May 30, 1991 · N4561N · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's failure to maintain directional control of the airlane. A factor was the crosswind.
- [NTSB SEA91FA124](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/SEA91FA124.md): Bell 206BII · Brewster, WA · Accident · No injuries · Field investigation · Final report · May 28, 1991 · N90307 · Substantial damage
  > The pilot-in-command's selection of unsuitable terrain for the emergency simulation.
- [NTSB LAX91LA244](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX91LA244.md): Cessna 172M · Willits, CA · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · May 28, 1991 · N1407U · Substantial damage
  > That the pilot misjudged the flare and failed to properly recover from a bounced landing. Contributing to this accident was entering into an inadvertent porpoise.
- [NTSB CHI91LA169](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI91LA169.md): Cessna 172M · Cadillac, MI · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · May 28, 1991 · N9591V · Substantial damage
  > The pilot-in-command's maintaining excessive airspeed through the landing touchdown which resulted in overrunning the runway.
- [NTSB CHI91LA166](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI91LA166.md): Cessna 172N · Chicago, IL · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · May 27, 1991 · N5710E · Substantial damage
  > The pilot in command (student)'s improper judgement of the proper touchdown point. A factor contributing was the pilot in command's delaying an aborted landing.
- [NTSB LAX91LA225](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX91LA225.md): Cessna 182B · Kernville, CA · Accident · Minor injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · May 26, 1991 · N2687G · Substantial damage
  > 1)The failure of the pilot to accurately assess and compensate for the prevailing wind conditions; 2) his failure to maintain a correct approach speed for the aircraft; 3) his failure to attain a proper touchdown point; and 4) his failure to initiate a go…
- [NTSB FTW91LA086](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/FTW91LA086.md): Gulfstream AA5B · La Grange, TX · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · May 26, 1991 · N4554B · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's improper aircraft handling.
- [NTSB CHI91LA163](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI91LA163.md): Cessna 180 · Devils Lake, ND · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · May 26, 1991 · N115F · Substantial damage
  > Directional control not maintained by the pilot. A factor related to the accident was a crosswind condition.
- [NTSB FTW91DPG11](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/FTW91DPG11.md): Grumman G-164A · Holly Grove, AR · Accident · No injuries · Final report · May 25, 1991 · N5214 · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's failure to maintain directional control. Factors were the wet runway and the ditch struck after control was lost.
- [NTSB NYC91LA138](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/NYC91LA138.md): Cessna 172N · Canadensis, PA · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · May 23, 1991 · N739GV · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's improper planning/decision. A factor related to the accident was the downhill slope of the runway.
- [NTSB CHI91LA172](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI91LA172.md): Cessna 152 · Greenville, IL · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · May 22, 1991 · N24394 · Substantial damage
  > The pilot in command's misjudgment of the proper touchdown point. An associated factor is the pilot-in-command not performing remedial action.
- [NTSB SEA91LA113](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/SEA91LA113.md): Beech B23 · Spanish Fork, UT · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · May 19, 1991 · N4019T · Substantial damage
  > The pilot did not adequately recover from a bounced landing. Factors to the accident were: a poorly planned approach, and the pilot's lack of total flight experience.
- [NTSB DEN91LA075](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/DEN91LA075.md): Piper PA-18-180 · Elbert, CO · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · May 19, 1991 · N3182Z · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's delay in compensating for wind conditions. Factors were: high winds and a crosswind.
- [NTSB CHI91LA158](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI91LA158.md): Cessna 180 · Scottsbluff, NE · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · May 19, 1991 · N66266 · Substantial damage
  > Failure of the pilot to maintain directional control during the landing roll. Factors related to the accident were a crosswind condition and lack of total experience in type of aircraft by the pilot.
- [NTSB SEA91LA114](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/SEA91LA114.md): Cessna TR182 · Green River, UT · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · May 17, 1991 · N4664S · Substantial damage
  > Worn brakes. Contributing to the accident was: poor maintenance.
- [NTSB LAX91LA215](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX91LA215.md): Taylorcraft DC12-D · Las Vegas, NV · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · May 16, 1991 · N49368 · Substantial damage
  > The failure of the pilot to maintain directional control of the aircraft. A factor in the accident was the pilot's lack of total experience in this type of aircraft.
- [NTSB MIA91LA146](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/MIA91LA146.md): Piper PA-28-181 · Cedar Key, FL · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · May 15, 1991 · N83021 · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's selection of the wrong runway for wind conditions.
- [NTSB CHI91LA157](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI91LA157.md): Piper PA-34-220T · Eau Claire, WI · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · May 14, 1991 · N8356B · Substantial damage
  > The inadequate finishing procedures used by the manufacturer and the failure to comply with the manufacturer's bulletin.
- [NTSB CHI91LA156](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI91LA156.md): Piper PA-28R-201 · Grand Forks, ND · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · May 14, 1991 · N804ND · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's failure to maintain directional control during the landing roll. Related to the accident was the pilot's lack of total experience.

Next page: https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-phases/550/cases.md?page=353

## The whole list in SQL

Runs in DuckDB 1.2 or later on the release's Parquet files over HTTPS:

```sql
WITH phase_names(main, name) AS (VALUES (100, 'Prior to flight'), (150, 'Standing'), (200, 'Pushback/towing'), (250, 'Taxi'), (300, 'Takeoff'), (350, 'Initial climb'), (400, 'Enroute'), (450, 'Maneuvering'), (500, 'Approach'), (550, 'Landing'), (600, 'Emergency descent'), (650, 'Uncontrolled descent'), (700, 'Post-impact'), (750, 'After landing'), (800, 'Other'), (990, 'Unknown')),
  crosswalk(code, main, name) AS (VALUES (500, 150, 'Standing'), (501, 150, 'Standing - pre-flight'), (502, 150, 'Standing - starting engine(s)'), (503, 150, 'Standing - engine(s) operating'), (504, 150, 'Standing - engine(s) not operating'), (505, 150, 'Standing - idling rotors'), (510, 250, 'Taxi'), (511, 200, 'Taxi - pushback/tow'), (512, 250, 'Taxi - to takeoff'), (513, 250, 'Taxi - from landing'), (514, 250, 'Taxi - aerial'), (520, 300, 'Takeoff'), (521, 300, 'Takeoff - roll/run'), (522, 350, 'Takeoff - initial climb'), (523, 300, 'Takeoff - aborted'), (530, 400, 'Climb'), (531, 400, 'Climb - to cruise'), (540, 400, 'Cruise'), (541, 400, 'Cruise - normal'), (542, 400, 'Maneuvering - holding (IFR)'), (550, 400, 'Descent'), (551, 400, 'Descent - normal'), (552, 600, 'Descent - emergency'), (553, 650, 'Descent - uncontrolled'), (560, 500, 'Approach'), (561, 500, 'Approach - VFR pattern - downwind'), (562, 500, 'Approach - VFR pattern - base turn'), (563, 500, 'Approach - VFR pattern - base leg/base to final'), (564, 500, 'Approach - VFR pattern - final approach'), (565, 500, 'Go-around (VFR)'), (566, 500, 'Approach - IAF to FAF/outer marker (IFR)'), (567, 500, 'Approach - FAF/outer marker to threshold (IFR)'), (568, 500, 'Circling (IFR)'), (569, 500, 'Missed approach (IFR)'), (570, 550, 'Landing'), (571, 550, 'Landing - flare/touchdown'), (572, 550, 'Landing - roll'), (573, 550, 'Landing - aborted'), (574, 550, 'Emergency landing'), (575, 550, 'Emergency landing after takeoff'), (576, 600, 'Emergency descent/landing'), (580, 450, 'Maneuvering'), (581, 450, 'Maneuvering - aerial application'), (582, 450, 'Maneuvering - turn to reverse direction'), (583, 450, 'Maneuvering - turn to landing area (emergency)'), (590, 450, 'Hover'), (591, 450, 'Hover - in ground effect'), (592, 450, 'Hover - out of ground effect'), (600, 800, 'Other'), (610, 990, 'Unknown')),
  current_codes AS (
    SELECT e.case_mkey, TRY_CAST(e."tier1Number" AS INTEGER) AS code,
      row_number() OVER (PARTITION BY e.case_mkey ORDER BY coalesce(e."isDefiningEvent", false) DESC, e.position) AS n
    FROM 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_events.parquet' e
    WHERE e.aircrafts_position = 1 AND e."tier1Number" GLOB '[1-9][0-9]*'
      AND (e."isDefiningEvent" OR e.case_mkey IN (SELECT "mKey" FROM 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_case_detail.parquet' WHERE "isPre1982"))
  ),
  phases AS (
    SELECT case_mkey, 'current' AS scheme, code, CASE WHEN code >= 990 THEN 990 ELSE code // 50 * 50 END AS main
    FROM current_codes WHERE n = 1
    UNION ALL
    SELECT o.case_mkey, 'older', o."phaseOfFlightCode", w.main
    FROM 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_occurrences.parquet' o JOIN crosswalk w ON w.code = o."phaseOfFlightCode"
    WHERE o.aircrafts_position = 1 AND o."occurrenceNumber" = 1 AND o.case_mkey NOT IN (SELECT case_mkey FROM current_codes)
  ),
  case_phases AS (
    SELECT p.*, c."eventDate", c."highestInjuryLevel" = 'Fatal' AS fatal, a.aircraft_model_code
    FROM phases p JOIN 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_case_detail.parquet' c ON c."mKey" = p.case_mkey
    LEFT JOIN 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_aircrafts.parquet' a ON a.case_mkey = p.case_mkey AND a.position = 1
    WHERE c."eventDate" >= DATE '1962-01-01' AND p.main IN (SELECT main FROM phase_names)
  )
SELECT c."ntsbNumber", c."eventDate", c."eventType", c."eventCity", c."eventStateOrRegion", a.n_number, a."aircraftMake", a."aircraftModel", c."highestInjuryLevel", c."totalFatal", c."completionStatus", c.report_url
FROM 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_case_detail.parquet' c LEFT JOIN 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_aircrafts.parquet' a ON a.case_mkey = c."mKey" AND a.position = 1
WHERE c."mKey" IN (SELECT case_mkey FROM case_phases WHERE main = 550)
ORDER BY c."eventDate" DESC, c."ntsbNumber" DESC
```

This list as a web page: https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-phases/550/cases?page=352

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