# NTSB investigations: Landing

NTSB aviation accident and incident investigations since 1962: the probable cause, findings, aircraft, crew, weather and docket of each, linked to the FAA registry and the FAA’s own reports.

Page 355 of 1,075 · 53,703 cases

## Cases, newest first

- [NTSB SEA91LA062](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/SEA91LA062.md): Cessna 152 · Gig Harbor, WA · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Mar 8, 1991 · N5095P · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's failure to maintain directional control on the ground. Factors include wind gusts.
- [NTSB ANC91LA033](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ANC91LA033.md): Cessna A185-F · Shageluk, AK · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Mar 8, 1991 · N1855Q · Substantial damage
  > The collapse of the left main landing gear during the landing roll due to preexisting cracks.
- [NTSB LAX91LA122](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX91LA122.md): Cessna 140 · Flagstaff, AZ · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Mar 6, 1991 · N76553 · Substantial damage
  > That the pilot improperly used the flight controls and brakes. Contributing to this accident was an existing cross/tailwind.
- [NTSB CHI91LA105](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI91LA105.md): Cessna 401 · St. Louis, MO · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Mar 6, 1991 · N401RW · Substantial damage
  > The landing gear locking mechanism (bell crank) had fractured.
- [NTSB NYC91LA082](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/NYC91LA082.md): Latham Pitts Special S-1C · Glens Falls, NY · Accident · Minor injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Mar 5, 1991 · N98RL · Destroyed
  > A loss of control on the ground due to the improper operation of flight controls by the pilot. A factor related to the accident was the variable wind.
- [NTSB FTW91LA047](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/FTW91LA047.md): Piper PA-32RT-300T · Leander, TX · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Mar 5, 1991 · N9190A · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's failure to maintain a proper descent rate during the final approach.
- [NTSB CHI91LA107](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI91LA107.md): Beech 55 · Forest Lake, MN · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Mar 5, 1991 · N29SF · Substantial damage
  > An aborted landing not performed by the pilot. Factors related to the accident were a runway that was wet and ice covered.
- [NTSB BFO91LA029](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/BFO91LA029.md): Cessna 150 · Chesapeake, VA · Accident · Serious injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Mar 5, 1991 · N61533 · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's failure to maintain directional control. Contributing was the pilot's lack of experience.
- [NTSB MIA91LA092](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/MIA91LA092.md): Cessna 172K · Everglades City, FL · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Mar 4, 1991 · N84461 · Substantial damage
  > Information given during a weather briefing was disregarded, in-flight encounter with wind gust, and failure of the pilot to execute a go-around. Contributing to the accident was inadequate placement of a windsock which was blocked by trees resulting in an…
- [NTSB ANC91LA032](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ANC91LA032.md): De Havilland DHC-2 · Finger Lake, AK · Accident · Serious injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Mar 3, 1991 · N5349G · No damage
  > The pilot's failure to maintain directional control of the airplane during the landing roll. A factor was the rough and uneven terrain.
- [NTSB CHI91LA103](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI91LA103.md): Short Brothers SD3-60 · Chicago, IL · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Mar 2, 1991 · N385MQ · Substantial damage
  > An excessive landing flare by the copilot. Factors associated with the accident are the inoperative wing flaps and the captain's inadequate supervison.
- [NTSB NYC91LA081](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/NYC91LA081.md): Cessna 172P · Nashua, NH · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Mar 1, 1991 · N97313 · Substantial damage
  > The failure of the pilot to compensate for wind conditions during landing, resulting in a loss of control and collision with a tree.
- [NTSB FTW91LA044](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/FTW91LA044.md): Bellanca 7ECA · Friendswood, TX · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Mar 1, 1991 · N5524K · Substantial damage
  > The duel student's failure to maintain directional control during the landing and his inadvertent activation of the brakes. A factor was the ditch.
- [NTSB ANC91DAG01](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ANC91DAG01.md): Piper PA-20 · Anchorage, AK · Accident · No injuries · Final report · Mar 1, 1991 · N2636A · Substantial damage
  > The student pilot's failure to maintain aircraft control.
- [NTSB CHI91LA100](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI91LA100.md): Piper PA-22-150 · Springfield, MO · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Feb 28, 1991 · N3658P · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's poor evaluation of high wind conditions and the subsequent inability to compensate for the winds. Related to the accident was the gusty crosswind conditions.
- [NTSB SEA91LA056](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/SEA91LA056.md): Cessna 152 · Port Townsend, WA · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Feb 27, 1991 · N67705 · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's failure to maintain aircraft directional control during landing roll. Factors relating to the accident were the crosswind weather conditions and the soft terrain beside the runway.
- [NTSB ANC91LA031](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ANC91LA031.md): Champion 7GCBC · Flat Top Mtn., AK · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Feb 27, 1991 · N7578F · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's failure to maintain directional control of the airplane on landing roll out in unsuitable terrain. Contributing to the accident was the rough and uneven terrain.
- [NTSB SEA91LA058](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/SEA91LA058.md): Cessna 152 · Monroe, WA · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Feb 23, 1991 · N6568B · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's selection of an unsuitable landing sute after making the decision to attempt a precautionary landing.
- [NTSB FTW91DPG02](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/FTW91DPG02.md): Grumman G-164A · Light, AR · Accident · No injuries · Final report · Feb 23, 1991 · N7493 · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's selection of the downwind runway for landing. A factor was the tailwind.
- [NTSB SEA91FA057](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/SEA91FA057.md): Cessna 182J · Glendale, OR · Accident · 3 fatal · Field investigation · Final report · Feb 22, 1991 · N3154F · Destroyed
  > The pilot's failure to use all available runway for this landing, aggravated by his failure to initiate a go-around after misjudging the proper touchdown point and landing with a tailwind.
- [NTSB MIA91LA083](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/MIA91LA083.md): Cessna T210N · Panama City, FL · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Feb 20, 1991 · N6136Y · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's improper recovery from a bounced landing. A factor was the pilot's lack of recent night flight experience.
- [NTSB FTW91LA041](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/FTW91LA041.md): Hughes 269C · Knowles, OK · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Feb 18, 1991 · N8973F · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's failure to maintain a proper descent rate during the maneuver and his delay in initiating the go-around.
- [NTSB ATL91LA057](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ATL91LA057.md): Cessna 182Q · Brunswick, GA · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Feb 18, 1991 · N759VB · Substantial damage
  > A hidden hole in the runway surface, which was contacted by the nose wheel during the landing roll.
- [NTSB LAX91LA110](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX91LA110.md): Cessna 172N · San Carlos, CA · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Feb 17, 1991 · N5300F · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's improper flare landing.
- [NTSB ATL91LA058](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ATL91LA058.md): Aeronca 11AC · Union Springs, AL · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Feb 16, 1991 · N85880 · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's failure to maintain directional control of the airplane during the landing roll, which resulted in an inadvertent ground swerve.
- [NTSB NYC91LA076](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/NYC91LA076.md): Gulfstream G-1159 · Cleveland, OH · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Feb 15, 1991 · N85EQ · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's improper in flight decision to land on a snow covered runway. The lack of adequate braking action resulted in the pilot intentionally ground looping the airplane and overloading the main landing gear. Factors related to the accident were snow…
- [NTSB SEA91LA051](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/SEA91LA051.md): Cessna 152 · Logan, UT · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Feb 13, 1991 · N757PW · Substantial damage
  > The pilot did not maintain directional control of the airplane during the landing roll.
- [NTSB MIA91LA081](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/MIA91LA081.md): Piper PA-32R-301 · Plant City, FL · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Feb 13, 1991 · N95T · Substantial damage
  > Failure of the pilot to maintain proper alignment during the landing roll, excessive rudder input, and loss of directional control resulting in the collapse of the right main landing gear.
- [NTSB ANC91LA029](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ANC91LA029.md): Cessna 150 · Palmer, AK · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Feb 13, 1991 · N6446K · Substantial damage
  > The pilot-in-command's failure to maintain directional control.
- [NTSB NYC91LA074](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/NYC91LA074.md): Cessna 172M · Easton, PA · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Feb 10, 1991 · N9796V · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's improperly executed approach, resulting in a landing with excessive airspeed.
- [NTSB CHI91LA095](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI91LA095.md): Beech G35 · Teedsburg, WI · Accident · Serious injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Feb 10, 1991 · N4596D · Substantial damage
  > Failure of the pilot to obtain or maintain adequate airspeed for a go-around (aborted landing), which resulted in an inadvertent stall/mush. The failure to attain proper runway alignment for landing was a related factor.
- [NTSB CHI91LA092](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI91LA092.md): Cessna 152 · Lawrence, KS · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Feb 9, 1991 · N4450C · Substantial damage
  > Failure of the student pilot to maintain directional control of the aircraft, which resulted in a ground swerve.
- [NTSB ATL91LA056](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ATL91LA056.md): Ercoupe 415C · Gastonia, NC · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Feb 9, 1991 · N3353H · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's improper flare and subsequent failure to recover from a bounced landing.
- [NTSB MIA91LA080](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/MIA91LA080.md): Beech 58 · St. Thomas · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Feb 8, 1991 · N7278R · Substantial damage
  > Excessive descent rate by the pilot, improper recovery from the bounced landing, and failure to recover from the porpoise condition.
- [NTSB SEA91LA049](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/SEA91LA049.md): Cessna 172M · Helena, MT · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Feb 7, 1991 · N13654 · Substantial damage
  > The pilot-in-command's failure to maintain directional control on landing. Contributing to the accident was the pilot's improper flare on landing inadequate recovery from a bounced landing, and the pilot's lack of total and recent experience.
- [NTSB LAX91LA091](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX91LA091.md): Cessna 340 · Columbia, CA · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Feb 5, 1991 · N5813M · Substantial damage
  > An unavoidable collision with animals (deer) on landing roll. Contributing to the accident was the airport environment that cannot preclude deer from gaining access to the airport.
- [NTSB ATL91FA046](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ATL91FA046.md): Piper PA-28-180 · Greensboro, NC · Accident · Minor injuries · Field investigation · Final report · Feb 4, 1991 · N55263 · Substantial damage
  > An encounter with wake turbulence which resulted in an uncontrolled descent. An additional cause was pilot's physiological conditions and his use of medication.
- [NTSB LAX91LA087](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX91LA087.md): Waco UIC · Santa Paula, CA · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Feb 3, 1991 · N13408 · Substantial damage
  > The brittle fracture of the left brake master cylinder tread end causing loss of directional control.
- [NTSB DEN91LA027](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/DEN91LA027.md): Aeronca 11BC · Durango, CO · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Feb 3, 1991 · N9713E · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's failure to maintain directional control of the airplane. Contributing factors were the pilot's lack of experience in airplane type and crosswind conditions.
- [NTSB DEN91LA038](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/DEN91LA038.md): Cessna 170A · Holly, CO · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Feb 2, 1991 · N1437D · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's failure to maintain directional control. Factors were: a gusty crosswind condition and the pilot's lack of familiarity with the aircraft.
- [NTSB DCA91MA018](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/DCA91MA018.md): Boeing 737-300 · Los Angeles, CA · Accident · 34 fatal · Class 1 · Major · Final report · Feb 2, 1991 · N388US · 2 aircraft · Destroyed
  > The failure of the Los Angeles air traffic facility management to implement procedures that provided redundancy comparable to the requirements contained in the national operational position standards and the failure of the FAA air traffic service to provide…
- [NTSB LAX91LA083](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX91LA083.md): Cessna 172P · Sedona, AZ · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jan 27, 1991 · N54863 · Substantial damage
  > The failure of the pilot to maintain directional control of the aircraft.
- [NTSB FTW91LA034](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/FTW91LA034.md): Cessna 152 · Fort Worth, TX · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jan 27, 1991 · N67650 · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's failure to maintain directional control during landing. Contributing to the accident was the crosswind condition that existed at the time of the accident.
- [NTSB CHI91LA084](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI91LA084.md): Cessna 172N · Rochester, MN · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jan 26, 1991 · N9419E · Substantial damage
  > Inadequate compensation or wind conditions, and failure to maintain directional control by the pilot. Factors related to the accident are lack of total experience, and the crosswind conditions.
- [NTSB CHI91LA082](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI91LA082.md): Cessna 170B · Rochester, IN · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jan 26, 1991 · N4414B · Substantial damage
  > The pilot-in-command's inadequate compensation for wind conditions. A factor contributing to the accident was the crosswind.
- [NTSB SEA91TA003](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/SEA91TA003.md): Piper PA-34 · Pinedale, WY · Accident · No injuries · Final report · Jan 25, 1991 · N8372Z · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's failure to attain proper runway alignment during landing. A contributing factor was a snow covered runway.
- [NTSB LAX91LA080](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX91LA080.md): Cessna 152 · Phoenix, AZ · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jan 24, 1991 · N93574 · Substantial damage
  > The student pilot's improper bounced landing recovery technique. A factor in the accident was the pilot's limited flight experience.
- [NTSB CHI91LA076](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI91LA076.md): Cessna 320 · Middleton, WI · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jan 24, 1991 · N4112T · Substantial damage
  > The main landing gear collapsed during landing rollout due to extreme cold temperatures. A factor related to the accident was a snowbank adjacent to the runway.
- [NTSB NYC91LA063](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/NYC91LA063.md): Cessna 152U · Stroudsburg, PA · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jan 22, 1991 · N67315 · Substantial damage
  > The failure of the student pilot to maintain directional control of the airplane during landing, resulting in a collision with a snowbank. Factors related to the accident were: the pilot's lack of total flight experience and the unfavorable wind during…
- [NTSB DEN91LA035](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/DEN91LA035.md): Cessna 152 · Tulsa, OK · Accident · Serious injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jan 21, 1991 · N6374M · Substantial damage
  > The inadequate supervision of the student by the flight instructor. A factor was: the student's failure to flare the aircraft.

Next page: https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-phases/550/cases.md?page=356

## The whole list in SQL

Runs in DuckDB 1.2 or later on the release's Parquet files over HTTPS:

```sql
WITH phase_names(main, name) AS (VALUES (100, 'Prior to flight'), (150, 'Standing'), (200, 'Pushback/towing'), (250, 'Taxi'), (300, 'Takeoff'), (350, 'Initial climb'), (400, 'Enroute'), (450, 'Maneuvering'), (500, 'Approach'), (550, 'Landing'), (600, 'Emergency descent'), (650, 'Uncontrolled descent'), (700, 'Post-impact'), (750, 'After landing'), (800, 'Other'), (990, 'Unknown')),
  crosswalk(code, main, name) AS (VALUES (500, 150, 'Standing'), (501, 150, 'Standing - pre-flight'), (502, 150, 'Standing - starting engine(s)'), (503, 150, 'Standing - engine(s) operating'), (504, 150, 'Standing - engine(s) not operating'), (505, 150, 'Standing - idling rotors'), (510, 250, 'Taxi'), (511, 200, 'Taxi - pushback/tow'), (512, 250, 'Taxi - to takeoff'), (513, 250, 'Taxi - from landing'), (514, 250, 'Taxi - aerial'), (520, 300, 'Takeoff'), (521, 300, 'Takeoff - roll/run'), (522, 350, 'Takeoff - initial climb'), (523, 300, 'Takeoff - aborted'), (530, 400, 'Climb'), (531, 400, 'Climb - to cruise'), (540, 400, 'Cruise'), (541, 400, 'Cruise - normal'), (542, 400, 'Maneuvering - holding (IFR)'), (550, 400, 'Descent'), (551, 400, 'Descent - normal'), (552, 600, 'Descent - emergency'), (553, 650, 'Descent - uncontrolled'), (560, 500, 'Approach'), (561, 500, 'Approach - VFR pattern - downwind'), (562, 500, 'Approach - VFR pattern - base turn'), (563, 500, 'Approach - VFR pattern - base leg/base to final'), (564, 500, 'Approach - VFR pattern - final approach'), (565, 500, 'Go-around (VFR)'), (566, 500, 'Approach - IAF to FAF/outer marker (IFR)'), (567, 500, 'Approach - FAF/outer marker to threshold (IFR)'), (568, 500, 'Circling (IFR)'), (569, 500, 'Missed approach (IFR)'), (570, 550, 'Landing'), (571, 550, 'Landing - flare/touchdown'), (572, 550, 'Landing - roll'), (573, 550, 'Landing - aborted'), (574, 550, 'Emergency landing'), (575, 550, 'Emergency landing after takeoff'), (576, 600, 'Emergency descent/landing'), (580, 450, 'Maneuvering'), (581, 450, 'Maneuvering - aerial application'), (582, 450, 'Maneuvering - turn to reverse direction'), (583, 450, 'Maneuvering - turn to landing area (emergency)'), (590, 450, 'Hover'), (591, 450, 'Hover - in ground effect'), (592, 450, 'Hover - out of ground effect'), (600, 800, 'Other'), (610, 990, 'Unknown')),
  current_codes AS (
    SELECT e.case_mkey, TRY_CAST(e."tier1Number" AS INTEGER) AS code,
      row_number() OVER (PARTITION BY e.case_mkey ORDER BY coalesce(e."isDefiningEvent", false) DESC, e.position) AS n
    FROM 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_events.parquet' e
    WHERE e.aircrafts_position = 1 AND e."tier1Number" GLOB '[1-9][0-9]*'
      AND (e."isDefiningEvent" OR e.case_mkey IN (SELECT "mKey" FROM 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_case_detail.parquet' WHERE "isPre1982"))
  ),
  phases AS (
    SELECT case_mkey, 'current' AS scheme, code, CASE WHEN code >= 990 THEN 990 ELSE code // 50 * 50 END AS main
    FROM current_codes WHERE n = 1
    UNION ALL
    SELECT o.case_mkey, 'older', o."phaseOfFlightCode", w.main
    FROM 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_occurrences.parquet' o JOIN crosswalk w ON w.code = o."phaseOfFlightCode"
    WHERE o.aircrafts_position = 1 AND o."occurrenceNumber" = 1 AND o.case_mkey NOT IN (SELECT case_mkey FROM current_codes)
  ),
  case_phases AS (
    SELECT p.*, c."eventDate", c."highestInjuryLevel" = 'Fatal' AS fatal, a.aircraft_model_code
    FROM phases p JOIN 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_case_detail.parquet' c ON c."mKey" = p.case_mkey
    LEFT JOIN 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_aircrafts.parquet' a ON a.case_mkey = p.case_mkey AND a.position = 1
    WHERE c."eventDate" >= DATE '1962-01-01' AND p.main IN (SELECT main FROM phase_names)
  )
SELECT c."ntsbNumber", c."eventDate", c."eventType", c."eventCity", c."eventStateOrRegion", a.n_number, a."aircraftMake", a."aircraftModel", c."highestInjuryLevel", c."totalFatal", c."completionStatus", c.report_url
FROM 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_case_detail.parquet' c LEFT JOIN 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_aircrafts.parquet' a ON a.case_mkey = c."mKey" AND a.position = 1
WHERE c."mKey" IN (SELECT case_mkey FROM case_phases WHERE main = 550)
ORDER BY c."eventDate" DESC, c."ntsbNumber" DESC
```

This list as a web page: https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-phases/550/cases?page=355

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