# NTSB investigations: Landing

NTSB aviation accident and incident investigations since 1962: the probable cause, findings, aircraft, crew, weather and docket of each, linked to the FAA registry and the FAA’s own reports.

Page 356 of 1,075 · 53,703 cases

## Cases, newest first

- [NTSB CHI91LA079](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI91LA079.md): Cessna 150 · Chesterfield, MO · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jan 20, 1991 · N5363Q · Substantial damage
  > Directional control was not maintained by the pilot. Factors related to the accident were: a lack of total experience by the pilot and the presence of a snowbank adjacent to the runway.
- [NTSB BFO91LA024](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/BFO91LA024.md): Mooney M20K · Fredericksburg, VA · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jan 20, 1991 · N1163D · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's misjudgment of distance (runway remaining) after the aircraft touched down and/or his failure to go-around when there was still sufficient speed to do so.
- [NTSB MIA91LA070](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/MIA91LA070.md): Piper PA-31-350 · Orlando, FL · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jan 19, 1991 · N27759 · Substantial damage
  > Failure of the pilot to follow proper procedures resulting in a gearup landing.
- [NTSB LAX91LA077](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX91LA077.md): Luscombe 8A · Bakersfield, CA · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jan 19, 1991 · N71745 · Substantial damage
  > That the pilot failed to properly compensate for the wind conditions. Contributing to this accident was the existing crosswind.
- [NTSB CHI91LA075](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI91LA075.md): Cessna 150 · Rolla, ND · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jan 18, 1991 · N18583 · Substantial damage
  > Compensation for wind was inadequate anad directional control not maintain by the PIC. Contributing factors were: snow covered runway, gusty crosswind, and a snowbank.
- [NTSB SEA91LA042](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/SEA91LA042.md): Beech 58P · Chelan, WA · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jan 15, 1991 · N3826K · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's failure to maintain directional control during landing roll. A factor was the patchy ice on the runway.
- [NTSB ANC91IA020](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ANC91IA020.md): Piper PA-31-350 · Nome, AK · Incident · No injuries · Incident investigation · Final report · Jan 15, 1991 · N4118G · Minor damage
  > Was the sheared fitting on the nose gear actuator shuttle valve which caused the nose gear to not extend for landing.
- [NTSB LAX91LA073](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX91LA073.md): Beech D-35 · Bullhead City, AZ · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jan 13, 1991 · N2915B · Substantial damage
  > Loss of directional control on the ground.
- [NTSB CHI91LA066](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI91LA066.md): Cessna 140 · So. Sioux City, NE · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jan 13, 1991 · N1978V · Substantial damage
  > Directional control not maintained by the pilot-in-command. Factors related to the accident were a snow covered runway and a lack of recent experience.
- [NTSB CHI91LA067](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI91LA067.md): Beech 200 · Vichy, MO · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jan 12, 1991 · N200MR · Substantial damage
  > A restricted visual outlook and go-around was not performed by the pilot. Factors related to the accident were a dark night, fog and glare, ice covered runway and whiteout conditions.
- [NTSB MIA91LA064](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/MIA91LA064.md): Cessna 175 · Okeechobee, FL · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jan 11, 1991 · N7293M · Substantial damage
  > Failure of the right brake line at the caliper during the landing roll rendering the brakes ineffective. A factor was the pilot's misjudgement of wind direction.
- [NTSB LAX91LA070](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX91LA070.md): Robinson R22 · Scottsdale, AZ · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jan 9, 1991 · N8005E · Substantial damage
  > The instructor pilot's delay in executing a recovery flare from the autorotative descent, and the helicopter's inadequate altitude during flare. A contributing factor was related to the instructor pilot being inattentive to his student's performance.
- [NTSB CHI91LA056](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI91LA056.md): Cessna 340 · Chesterfield, MO · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jan 3, 1991 · N14DB · Substantial damage
  > Failure of the pilot to maintain directional control during the landing roll. Factors related to the accident are a foggy windshield, misjudgement of altitude, premature landing flare, and slush on the runway.
- [NTSB NYC91FA055](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/NYC91FA055.md): Cessna 172P · Rattlesnake Isl, OH · Accident · 1 fatal · Field investigation · Final report · Jan 2, 1991 · N9837L · Substantial damage
  > The cfi's delayed decision to execute a go-around from a long landing and subsequent failure to obtain/maintain flying speed.
- [NTSB MIA91LA060](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/MIA91LA060.md): Hughes 269C · Deland, FL · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jan 2, 1991 · N9574F · Substantial damage
  > Failure of the commercial pilot applicant to pull collective pitch and delay by the check airman to pull collective and apply power to recover, resulting in a hard landing.
- [NTSB CHI91LA055](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI91LA055.md): Cessna 182Q · Jerseyville, IL · Accident · Minor injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jan 2, 1991 · N735YN · Substantial damage
  > Loss of engine power for undetermined reasons and the icy runway conditions.
- [NTSB ATL91LA036](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ATL91LA036.md): Cessna 195B · La Grange, GA · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jan 2, 1991 · N2187C · Substantial damage
  > The failure of the tailwheel steering spring.
- [NTSB LAX91LA064](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX91LA064.md): Grumman AA1B · Truckee, CA · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jan 1, 1991 · N1641R · Substantial damage
  > 1) The pilots improper flare maneuver; 2) his failure to perform a bounced landing recovery; and 3) his failure to maintain directional control of the aircraft.
- [NTSB CHI91LA061](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI91LA061.md): Piper PA-28-140 · Pinconning, MI · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jan 1, 1991 · N5063T · Substantial damage
  > Inadequate airspeed, wind shear and a stall.
- [NTSB CHI91LA054](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI91LA054.md): Cessna 172P · New Holstein, WI · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jan 1, 1991 · N55409 · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's decision to continue the landing approach, landing on an ice covered runway and the inadequate compensation for the croswind.
- [NTSB SEA91LA040](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/SEA91LA040.md): Swearingen SA-227 · Kalispell, MT · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Dec 31, 1990 · N385PH · Substantial damage
  > The flight crew's inablity to maintain directional control after landing in snow-depth conditions that had been erroneously reported as being within operating limitations.
- [NTSB MIA91IA059](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/MIA91IA059.md): Cessna 402C · Marathon, FL · Incident · No injuries · Incident investigation · Final report · Dec 31, 1990 · N155PB · Minor damage
  > Fatigue failure of a nose landing gear drag brace assembly which caused the nose landing gear to collapse during the landing roll. Contributing to the accident was an inadequate inspection of the airplane approximately 7 hours earlier by company maintenance…
- [NTSB CHI91LA052](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI91LA052.md): Piper PA-32-260 · St. Ignace, MI · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Dec 28, 1990 · N33797 · Substantial damage
  > The deer crossing the runway which the pilot was unable to avoid.
- [NTSB SEA91LA037](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/SEA91LA037.md): Cessna 152 · Logan, UT · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Dec 27, 1990 · N5133B · Substantial damage
  > The certified flight instructor's inability to regain directional control after it was lost by his dual student on an icy, snowy runway.
- [NTSB BFO91LA020](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/BFO91LA020.md): Cessna 402 · Richland, VA · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Dec 26, 1990 · N8138F · Substantial damage
  > Failure of the left main landing gear scissor assembly.
- [NTSB ATL91LA033](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ATL91LA033.md): Cessna 310Q · Windsor, SC · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Dec 26, 1990 · N2251Q · Substantial damage
  > Failure of the owner of the private sod airport to properly maintain the runway, which precipitated the loss of control of the airplane during the landing roll.
- [NTSB CHI91LA050](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI91LA050.md): Cessna 152 · Lee'S Summit, MO · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Dec 24, 1990 · N4977P · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's inability to maintain directional control of the airplane after landing. The icy runway and the pilot's lack to total experience were factors.
- [NTSB MIA91LA047](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/MIA91LA047.md): CASA C-212-200 · San Juan, PR · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Dec 19, 1990 · N433CA · Substantial damage
  > Loss of control while flaring to land due to undetermined reasons.
- [NTSB MIA91IA048](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/MIA91IA048.md): Piper PA-44-180 · Sanford, FL · Incident · No injuries · Incident investigation · Final report · Dec 19, 1990 · N3062H · Minor damage
  > Collapse of the nose landing gear during the landing roll due to inadequate nose gear assembly and failure of the nose landing gear drag link bolt.
- [NTSB SEA91LA035](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/SEA91LA035.md): Cessna 182-E · Anacortes, WA · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Dec 17, 1990 · N3017Y · Substantial damage
  > The poor inflight decision by the PIC to land on a short grass airstrip in strong gusty tailwind conditions.
- [NTSB NYC91LA051](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/NYC91LA051.md): Cessna 152 · Lincoln Park, NJ · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Dec 17, 1990 · N89627 · Substantial damage
  > Improper recovery from a bounced landings.
- [NTSB LAX91LA056](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX91LA056.md): Cessna 152 · Livermore, CA · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Dec 17, 1990 · N4722P · Substantial damage
  > The student pilots failure to maintain directional control during the landing. A factor in the accident was his lack of total experience.
- [NTSB NYC91LA049](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/NYC91LA049.md): Robinson R22 · West Kingston, RI · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Dec 15, 1990 · N9073S · Destroyed
  > The pilot's failure to maintain directional control. Contributing was the malfunction of the pedal assembly.
- [NTSB CHI91LA046](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI91LA046.md): Luscombe 8E · Mundelein, IL · Accident · Minor injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Dec 13, 1990 · N71207 · Substantial damage
  > Landing gear tire failure and directional control not maintained by the pic/cfi.
- [NTSB ATL91LA032](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ATL91LA032.md): Cessna 150J · Willard, NC · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Dec 12, 1990 · N60840 · Substantial damage
  > Pilot's selection of unsuitable terrain for landing his airplane and his failure to raise the flaps after landing. This resulted in his inability to decelerate during the landing roll. A factor in the accident was the rough, uneven runway condition.
- [NTSB SEA90FA079](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/SEA90FA079.md): Bell 206B-3 · Coeur D'Alene, ID · Accident · No injuries · Field investigation · Final report · Dec 9, 1990 · N53MA · Substantial damage
  > Failure of the pilot-in-command (PIC) to maintain rotor RPM, and a delay by the FAA inspector (flight examiner) in taking remedical action.
- [NTSB MIA91LA041](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/MIA91LA041.md): Cessna 182RG · Orlando, FL · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Dec 9, 1990 · N5157T · Substantial damage
  > Failure of the pilot to maintain directional control during the landing roll.
- [NTSB FTW91LA023](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/FTW91LA023.md): Bell 206L-1 · W.Cameron 266 · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Dec 9, 1990 · N5753B · Destroyed
  > Failure of the helicopter's aft landing gear crosstube assembly due to fatigue.
- [NTSB CHI91LA044](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI91LA044.md): Cessna 182RG · Lansing, IL · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Dec 9, 1990 · N756ZQ · Substantial damage
  > Excessive lowering of flaps resulted in aircraft control not being maintained by the pilot..inadequate airspeed resulted in a stall/mush and subsequent collision with the terrain. Factors related to the accident were: a gusty crosswind and a delayed go-around…
- [NTSB ATL91LA028](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ATL91LA028.md): Piper PA-28-180 · Humboldt, TN · Accident · Minor injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Dec 8, 1990 · N7634W · Substantial damage
  > The student pilot's failure to maintain directional control during landing. A factor was the student's lack of recent experience.
- [NTSB DEN91LA024](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/DEN91LA024.md): Cessna 170A · Welsh, LA · Accident · Minor injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Dec 7, 1990 · N1344D · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's improper compensation for wind conditions. A factor was the gusty wind.
- [NTSB BFO91LA019](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/BFO91LA019.md): Cessna 152 · Mitchellville, MD · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Dec 7, 1990 · N68243 · Substantial damage
  > Failure of the student pilot to maintain control of the aircraft, and inadequate supervision by the instructor pilot (CFI). Factors related to the accident were: inadequate preflight of the aircraft by the pilot(s) and in-flight opening of the door.
- [NTSB NYC91LA043](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/NYC91LA043.md): Cessna 210L · New Haven, CT · Accident · Minor injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Dec 6, 1990 · N5280V · Destroyed
  > The failure of the vehicle driver to adequately monitor the radio/traffic pattern. Factors related to the accident were: darkness, the aircraft's loss of electrical power after activating the runway lights and entering the pattern, and the lack of visual…
- [NTSB MIA91LA040](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/MIA91LA040.md): Bell 206B · Fort Pierce, FL · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Dec 6, 1990 · N2756P · Substantial damage
  > The incorrect cyclic control input by the student during the touchdown autorotation landing and failure of the CFI to correct this before the helicopter touched down.
- [NTSB BFO91LA017](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/BFO91LA017.md): Rockwell 690C · Summerville, WV · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Dec 4, 1990 · N840MD · Substantial damage
  > Pilot's failure to maintain adequate aircraft control during the landing flare/touchdown. The turbulent weather was a related factor.
- [NTSB CHI91LA037](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI91LA037.md): Cessna 152 · Muskegon, MI · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Dec 2, 1990 · N7321B · Substantial damage
  > Directional control not maintained by the PIC.
- [NTSB CHI91LA036](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI91LA036.md): Cessna T210M · Marshall, MI · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Dec 1, 1990 · N761LZ · Substantial damage
  > Directional control not maintained by the PIC.
- [NTSB MIA91LA038](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/MIA91LA038.md): Cessna 172N · Vero Beach, FL · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Nov 29, 1990 · N733UC · Substantial damage
  > The failure of the pilot to perfrom a proper landing flare and touchdown resulting in a hard landing.
- [NTSB MIA91LA037](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/MIA91LA037.md): Cessna 150M · Fort White, FL · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Nov 29, 1990 · N45360 · Substantial damage
  > The downwind landing with excessive airspeed.
- [NTSB ATL91LA022](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ATL91LA022.md): Beech A23A · Franklin, NC · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Nov 29, 1990 · N3696Q · Substantial damage
  > The pilots failure to maintain directional control during landing. The presence of gusting crosswinds was a factor in the accident.

Next page: https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-phases/550/cases.md?page=357

## The whole list in SQL

Runs in DuckDB 1.2 or later on the release's Parquet files over HTTPS:

```sql
WITH phase_names(main, name) AS (VALUES (100, 'Prior to flight'), (150, 'Standing'), (200, 'Pushback/towing'), (250, 'Taxi'), (300, 'Takeoff'), (350, 'Initial climb'), (400, 'Enroute'), (450, 'Maneuvering'), (500, 'Approach'), (550, 'Landing'), (600, 'Emergency descent'), (650, 'Uncontrolled descent'), (700, 'Post-impact'), (750, 'After landing'), (800, 'Other'), (990, 'Unknown')),
  crosswalk(code, main, name) AS (VALUES (500, 150, 'Standing'), (501, 150, 'Standing - pre-flight'), (502, 150, 'Standing - starting engine(s)'), (503, 150, 'Standing - engine(s) operating'), (504, 150, 'Standing - engine(s) not operating'), (505, 150, 'Standing - idling rotors'), (510, 250, 'Taxi'), (511, 200, 'Taxi - pushback/tow'), (512, 250, 'Taxi - to takeoff'), (513, 250, 'Taxi - from landing'), (514, 250, 'Taxi - aerial'), (520, 300, 'Takeoff'), (521, 300, 'Takeoff - roll/run'), (522, 350, 'Takeoff - initial climb'), (523, 300, 'Takeoff - aborted'), (530, 400, 'Climb'), (531, 400, 'Climb - to cruise'), (540, 400, 'Cruise'), (541, 400, 'Cruise - normal'), (542, 400, 'Maneuvering - holding (IFR)'), (550, 400, 'Descent'), (551, 400, 'Descent - normal'), (552, 600, 'Descent - emergency'), (553, 650, 'Descent - uncontrolled'), (560, 500, 'Approach'), (561, 500, 'Approach - VFR pattern - downwind'), (562, 500, 'Approach - VFR pattern - base turn'), (563, 500, 'Approach - VFR pattern - base leg/base to final'), (564, 500, 'Approach - VFR pattern - final approach'), (565, 500, 'Go-around (VFR)'), (566, 500, 'Approach - IAF to FAF/outer marker (IFR)'), (567, 500, 'Approach - FAF/outer marker to threshold (IFR)'), (568, 500, 'Circling (IFR)'), (569, 500, 'Missed approach (IFR)'), (570, 550, 'Landing'), (571, 550, 'Landing - flare/touchdown'), (572, 550, 'Landing - roll'), (573, 550, 'Landing - aborted'), (574, 550, 'Emergency landing'), (575, 550, 'Emergency landing after takeoff'), (576, 600, 'Emergency descent/landing'), (580, 450, 'Maneuvering'), (581, 450, 'Maneuvering - aerial application'), (582, 450, 'Maneuvering - turn to reverse direction'), (583, 450, 'Maneuvering - turn to landing area (emergency)'), (590, 450, 'Hover'), (591, 450, 'Hover - in ground effect'), (592, 450, 'Hover - out of ground effect'), (600, 800, 'Other'), (610, 990, 'Unknown')),
  current_codes AS (
    SELECT e.case_mkey, TRY_CAST(e."tier1Number" AS INTEGER) AS code,
      row_number() OVER (PARTITION BY e.case_mkey ORDER BY coalesce(e."isDefiningEvent", false) DESC, e.position) AS n
    FROM 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_events.parquet' e
    WHERE e.aircrafts_position = 1 AND e."tier1Number" GLOB '[1-9][0-9]*'
      AND (e."isDefiningEvent" OR e.case_mkey IN (SELECT "mKey" FROM 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_case_detail.parquet' WHERE "isPre1982"))
  ),
  phases AS (
    SELECT case_mkey, 'current' AS scheme, code, CASE WHEN code >= 990 THEN 990 ELSE code // 50 * 50 END AS main
    FROM current_codes WHERE n = 1
    UNION ALL
    SELECT o.case_mkey, 'older', o."phaseOfFlightCode", w.main
    FROM 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_occurrences.parquet' o JOIN crosswalk w ON w.code = o."phaseOfFlightCode"
    WHERE o.aircrafts_position = 1 AND o."occurrenceNumber" = 1 AND o.case_mkey NOT IN (SELECT case_mkey FROM current_codes)
  ),
  case_phases AS (
    SELECT p.*, c."eventDate", c."highestInjuryLevel" = 'Fatal' AS fatal, a.aircraft_model_code
    FROM phases p JOIN 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_case_detail.parquet' c ON c."mKey" = p.case_mkey
    LEFT JOIN 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_aircrafts.parquet' a ON a.case_mkey = p.case_mkey AND a.position = 1
    WHERE c."eventDate" >= DATE '1962-01-01' AND p.main IN (SELECT main FROM phase_names)
  )
SELECT c."ntsbNumber", c."eventDate", c."eventType", c."eventCity", c."eventStateOrRegion", a.n_number, a."aircraftMake", a."aircraftModel", c."highestInjuryLevel", c."totalFatal", c."completionStatus", c.report_url
FROM 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_case_detail.parquet' c LEFT JOIN 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_aircrafts.parquet' a ON a.case_mkey = c."mKey" AND a.position = 1
WHERE c."mKey" IN (SELECT case_mkey FROM case_phases WHERE main = 550)
ORDER BY c."eventDate" DESC, c."ntsbNumber" DESC
```

This list as a web page: https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-phases/550/cases?page=356

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