# NTSB investigations: Landing

NTSB aviation accident and incident investigations since 1962: the probable cause, findings, aircraft, crew, weather and docket of each, linked to the FAA registry and the FAA’s own reports.

Page 357 of 1,075 · 53,703 cases

## Cases, newest first

- [NTSB CHI91LA034](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI91LA034.md): Cessna 401 · Grand Island, NE · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Nov 27, 1990 · N10QP · Substantial damage
  > Flight into known adverse weather conditions and flare misjudged. Factors related to the accident were: icing conditions resulting in reduced aircraft controllability and restricted visual outlook.
- [NTSB LAX91LA047](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX91LA047.md): Balloon Works Firefly 8-24 · Poway, CA · Accident · Serious injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Nov 26, 1990 · N7113U · Minor damage
  > The pilot's failure to obtain a proper touchdown point. Contributing factors which related to the basket's tipping over were the pilot's misjudging the wind direction and the wind's relative high speed.
- [NTSB NYC91LA039](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/NYC91LA039.md): Piper PA-28-140 · Taunton, MA · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Nov 25, 1990 · N5780U · Substantial damage
  > The pilot attempted to land in a strong cross wind, lost control of the airplane, ran off the runway and hit the VASI system.
- [NTSB NYC91LA037](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/NYC91LA037.md): Cessna 152 · Indian Head, MD · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Nov 25, 1990 · N757MP · Substantial damage
  > The flight instructors decision to land with insufficient runway remaining to stop the airplane which resulted in an overrun.
- [NTSB DEN91LA021](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/DEN91LA021.md): Gulfstream AA-5B · Erie, CO · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Nov 25, 1990 · N4557E · Substantial damage
  > Improper flare by the pilot, which resulted in a hard landing. A realted factor was: low light condition at dusk.
- [NTSB FTW91LA018](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/FTW91LA018.md): Cessna 172L · Mount Ida, AR · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Nov 24, 1990 · N4275Q · Substantial damage
  > The pilot in command's failure to compensate for the adverse wind conditions which resulted in a loss of control on touchdown. A factor was the gusty crosswind.
- [NTSB ATL91LA021](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ATL91LA021.md): Cessna 150 · Arlington, TN · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Nov 24, 1990 · N7234S · Substantial damage
  > The student pilot's failure to maintain directional control during landing. A factor in this accident was gusty winds.
- [NTSB SEA91LA022](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/SEA91LA022.md): Beech 65-88 · Spokane, WA · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Nov 22, 1990 · N6CH · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's misjudgement of his touchdown due to disorientation caused by his lack of forward visibility created by an accumulation of ice on the windshield.
- [NTSB NYC91LA033](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/NYC91LA033.md): Cessna 152 · Columbus, OH · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Nov 21, 1990 · N6107B · Substantial damage
  > Aircraft control was not maintained by the student pilot.
- [NTSB NYC91DFA01](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/NYC91DFA01.md): Lowe/Law Glasair SH-3 · Kingston, NY · Accident · No injuries · Final report · Nov 21, 1990 · N330 · Substantial damage
  > A hard landing that collapsed the left main gear due to overload failure of the trunion.
- [NTSB NYC91LA032](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/NYC91LA032.md): Burkhart Grob G103A · Erwinna, PA · Accident · Serious injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Nov 19, 1990 · N923BG · Substantial damage
  > The student pilot's improper landing technique and the instructor's inadequate supervision.
- [NTSB FTW91LA015](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/FTW91LA015.md): Cessna 195 · N. Little Rock, AR · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Nov 18, 1990 · N4320V · Substantial damage
  > The failure of the right brake system to release after application for unknown reasons.
- [NTSB SEA91LA017](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/SEA91LA017.md): Bellanca 7GCBC · Boise, ID · Accident · Serious injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Nov 16, 1990 · N57434 · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's delaying remedial action after a poor landing approach.
- [NTSB NYC91LA028](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/NYC91LA028.md): Piper PA-24-250 · North Hampton, MA · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Nov 15, 1990 · N6384P · Substantial damage
  > Loss of directional control after landing.
- [NTSB NYC91LA027](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/NYC91LA027.md): Cessna 404 · Pittsburgh, PA · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Nov 13, 1990 · N54SA · Substantial damage
  > A failure of nose landing gear retraction cylinder attach points which allowed the nose landing gear to collapse.
- [NTSB CHI91LA029](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI91LA029.md): Cessna 152 · Kokomo, IN · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Nov 13, 1990 · N757MT · Substantial damage
  > The student pilot's improper recovery from a bounced landing, resulting inadvertent porpoising.
- [NTSB ANC91LA013](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ANC91LA013.md): Cessna U-206 · Montague Island, AK · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Nov 13, 1990 · N4756U · Substantial damage
  > Pilot-in-command's failure to maintain aircraft control during landing.
- [NTSB LAX91LA028](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX91LA028.md): Piper PA-44-180 · Prescott, AZ · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Nov 12, 1990 · N39776 · Substantial damage
  > The failure of the main landing gear trunion attach fitting for undetermined reasons.
- [NTSB FTW91LA014](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/FTW91LA014.md): Cessna 140 · Roanoake, TX · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Nov 12, 1990 · N2021N · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's failure to maintain directional control. A factor was his lack of flying tail wheel (conventional) gear airplanes.
- [NTSB MIA91LA024](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/MIA91LA024.md): Cessna 152 · West Palm Beach, FL · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Nov 11, 1990 · N68744 · Substantial damage
  > Pilot-in-command's failure to land on a runway that was more aligned with the wind. Factors were: crosswind and lack of total experience.
- [NTSB FTW91LA013](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/FTW91LA013.md): Piper PA-28R-200 · Fort Worth, TX · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Nov 11, 1990 · N8733E · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's misjudgment of airplane attitude, airspeed and distance while on final approach. A factor was the instructor pilot's inadequate supervision.
- [NTSB LAX91LA026](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX91LA026.md): Robinson R-22B · Paso Robles, CA · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Nov 10, 1990 · N26610 · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's delay in taking appropriate remedial action. A factor in the accident was the flight's encounter with a tailwind during the termination phase of the auto rotation.
- [NTSB BFO91LA011](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/BFO91LA011.md): Fairchild SA227-AC · Covington, KY · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Nov 9, 1990 · N445AC · Substantial damage
  > The pilot-in-command's failure to extend the landing gear prior to touchdown. Checkride-induced pressure was a contributing factor, and inadequate supervision by the check pilot was a factor.
- [NTSB ANC91LA010](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ANC91LA010.md): Cessna 182N · Chugiak, AK · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Nov 6, 1990 · N8943G · Substantial damage
  > The pilot failed to maintain directional control. Contributing to the accident was the gusty crosswinds and slippery runway.
- [NTSB CHI91LA024](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI91LA024.md): Cessna 180 · Northwood, ND · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Nov 4, 1990 · N2987C · Substantial damage
  > Poor in-flight planning and decision, unsuitable terrain selected by the PIC.
- [NTSB ANC91LA009](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ANC91LA009.md): Cessna 180 · Anchorage, AK · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Nov 4, 1990 · N4597B · Substantial damage
  > The pilot-in-command's failure to maintain directional control of the airplane during the landing roll.
- [NTSB LAX91LA019](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX91LA019.md): Cessna 172M · Torrance, CA · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Oct 30, 1990 · N9592V · Substantial damage
  > The student pilot failed to properly flare the airplane, made an improper recovery from the subsequent bounced landing. Contributing to this accident was the student pilot's total lack of experience and his improper use of the rudder.
- [NTSB ATL91LA012](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ATL91LA012.md): Cessna 150M · Williamston, NC · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Oct 29, 1990 · N3490V · Substantial damage
  > The student pilot's failure to properly flare the airplane during the night landing attempt. The pilot's failure to maintain geographic orientation and the subsequent flight into night conditions were factors in the accident. The pilot's lack of night flying…
- [NTSB SEA91LA010](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/SEA91LA010.md): Cessna 152 · Blackfoot, ID · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Oct 27, 1990 · N5259B · Substantial damage
  > The pilot did not adequately recover from a bounced landing. Factors were improper airspeed and lack of total expereince.
- [NTSB NYC91LA018](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/NYC91LA018.md): Piper PA-32-260 · Bally, PA · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Oct 27, 1990 · N3HA · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's improper recovery from a bounced landing and his failiure to maintain directional control.
- [NTSB MIA91LA015](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/MIA91LA015.md): Piper PA-28-140 · Fort Myers, FL · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Oct 25, 1990 · N98077 · Substantial damage
  > The failure of the pilot to maintain directional control while landing with shifting gusty winds.
- [NTSB FTW91LA009](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/FTW91LA009.md): Piper PA-28R-180 · Eufaula, OK · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Oct 25, 1990 · N4537J · Substantial damage
  > A restriction in the movement of the right rudder pedal. The restriction resulted from a passenger's inadvertent placement of an object on the cockpit's floor.
- [NTSB ANC91LA008](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ANC91LA008.md): Piper PA-18 · Chugiak, AK · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Oct 25, 1990 · N1181Y · Substantial damage
  > The pilot-in-command's failure to maintain directional control on landing and the failure to select suitable terrain.
- [NTSB NYC91LA017](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/NYC91LA017.md): Cessna 210 · Bridgeport, CT · Accident · Minor injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Oct 23, 1990 · N613PW · Substantial damage
  > The pilot used excessive airspeed on the approach and landed long. The airplane went off the runway and struck a fence.
- [NTSB DEN91LA011](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/DEN91LA011.md): Cessna 172H · Buena Vista, CO · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Oct 23, 1990 · N2665L · Substantial damage
  > The failure of the pilot to flare properly during landing. The pilot's total lack of experience is a factor.
- [NTSB MIA91LA019](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/MIA91LA019.md): Cessna 182Q · Ormond Beach, FL · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Oct 22, 1990 · N4814N · Substantial damage
  > Failure of the pilot to maintain proper airspeed during the approach to land.
- [NTSB FTW91LA008](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/FTW91LA008.md): Cessna 172N · Grand Prairie, TX · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Oct 22, 1990 · N734KG · Substantial damage
  > The student pilot's improper flare technique and use of rudder.
- [NTSB CHI91LA015](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI91LA015.md): Cessna 152 · Hannibal, MO · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Oct 22, 1990 · N24359 · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's improper recovery from a bounced landing. Factors were: excessive airspeed and the pilot's lack of total experience.
- [NTSB LAX91LA015](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX91LA015.md): Cessna 172L · Placerville, CA · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Oct 20, 1990 · N7815G · Substantial damage
  > The failure of the pilot to maintain directional control of the aircraft during the landing roll.
- [NTSB CHI91LA021](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI91LA021.md): Cessna 170B · Maquoketa, IA · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Oct 20, 1990 · N1692D · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's inadequate commpensation for wind conditions.
- [NTSB CHI91LA013](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI91LA013.md): Mooney M20/231 · Stockton, MO · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Oct 19, 1990 · N1002X · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's failure to maintain vso (minimum controllable airspeed) in a landing configuration. An associated factor is the pilot's inadequate remedial action.
- [NTSB NYC91LA012](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/NYC91LA012.md): Grumman American AA-1B · Wildwood, NJ · Accident · Minor injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Oct 16, 1990 · N9575L · Substantial damage
  > The student pilot's failure to maintain control of the airplane during landing.
- [NTSB DEN91LA008](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/DEN91LA008.md): Piper PA-18-150 · Englewood, CO · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Oct 16, 1990 · N5523Z · Substantial damage
  > The failure of the pilot to maintain directional control.
- [NTSB CHI91LA012](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI91LA012.md): Piper PA-22-135 · Mason, MI · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Oct 14, 1990 · N2600A · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's failure to maintain directional control. A factor in the accident is the pilot's lack of total experience in the accident type airplane.
- [NTSB CHI91LA009](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI91LA009.md): Cessna 152 · Crookston, MN · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Oct 14, 1990 · N7385W · Substantial damage
  > A poorly planned approach, and failure to take remedial action by the pilot.
- [NTSB ATL91LA003](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ATL91LA003.md): Grumman AA-5A · Lexington, NC · Accident · Serious injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Oct 14, 1990 · N7103L · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's failure to establish an approach profile which would have allowed him to make a safe landing on the runway. The pilot misjudged his altitude and airspeed throughout the approach. A factor to the accident was the collision with the railroad berm.
- [NTSB ANC91LA005](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ANC91LA005.md): Piper PA-20 · King Salmon, AK · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Oct 12, 1990 · N7049K · Substantial damage
  > Inadvertant stall during an aborted landing.
- [NTSB LAX91LA006](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX91LA006.md): Cessna 150 · Riverside, CA · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Oct 10, 1990 · N68350 · Substantial damage
  > The pilot misjudged the airplane's altitude and the improper bounced landing recovery procedure. Contributing to this accident was the student pilot's total lack of expereince.
- [NTSB ANC91LA004](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ANC91LA004.md): Cessna 180 · Anchorage, AK · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Oct 10, 1990 · N3330D · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's failure to maintain directional control. Contributing to the accident was the excessive taxi speed and inadequate maintenance on the brakes by the pilot.
- [NTSB LAX91LA004](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX91LA004.md): Mooney M20K · Rio Linda, CA · Accident · 1 fatal · Limited investigation · Final report · Oct 8, 1990 · N252YD · Substantial damage
  > The airplane's ground collision with an unauthorized person who was located on the active runway. A contributing factor was related to the nighttime (light) condition which limited the pilot's ability to see the person prior to the impact.

Next page: https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-phases/550/cases.md?page=358

## The whole list in SQL

Runs in DuckDB 1.2 or later on the release's Parquet files over HTTPS:

```sql
WITH phase_names(main, name) AS (VALUES (100, 'Prior to flight'), (150, 'Standing'), (200, 'Pushback/towing'), (250, 'Taxi'), (300, 'Takeoff'), (350, 'Initial climb'), (400, 'Enroute'), (450, 'Maneuvering'), (500, 'Approach'), (550, 'Landing'), (600, 'Emergency descent'), (650, 'Uncontrolled descent'), (700, 'Post-impact'), (750, 'After landing'), (800, 'Other'), (990, 'Unknown')),
  crosswalk(code, main, name) AS (VALUES (500, 150, 'Standing'), (501, 150, 'Standing - pre-flight'), (502, 150, 'Standing - starting engine(s)'), (503, 150, 'Standing - engine(s) operating'), (504, 150, 'Standing - engine(s) not operating'), (505, 150, 'Standing - idling rotors'), (510, 250, 'Taxi'), (511, 200, 'Taxi - pushback/tow'), (512, 250, 'Taxi - to takeoff'), (513, 250, 'Taxi - from landing'), (514, 250, 'Taxi - aerial'), (520, 300, 'Takeoff'), (521, 300, 'Takeoff - roll/run'), (522, 350, 'Takeoff - initial climb'), (523, 300, 'Takeoff - aborted'), (530, 400, 'Climb'), (531, 400, 'Climb - to cruise'), (540, 400, 'Cruise'), (541, 400, 'Cruise - normal'), (542, 400, 'Maneuvering - holding (IFR)'), (550, 400, 'Descent'), (551, 400, 'Descent - normal'), (552, 600, 'Descent - emergency'), (553, 650, 'Descent - uncontrolled'), (560, 500, 'Approach'), (561, 500, 'Approach - VFR pattern - downwind'), (562, 500, 'Approach - VFR pattern - base turn'), (563, 500, 'Approach - VFR pattern - base leg/base to final'), (564, 500, 'Approach - VFR pattern - final approach'), (565, 500, 'Go-around (VFR)'), (566, 500, 'Approach - IAF to FAF/outer marker (IFR)'), (567, 500, 'Approach - FAF/outer marker to threshold (IFR)'), (568, 500, 'Circling (IFR)'), (569, 500, 'Missed approach (IFR)'), (570, 550, 'Landing'), (571, 550, 'Landing - flare/touchdown'), (572, 550, 'Landing - roll'), (573, 550, 'Landing - aborted'), (574, 550, 'Emergency landing'), (575, 550, 'Emergency landing after takeoff'), (576, 600, 'Emergency descent/landing'), (580, 450, 'Maneuvering'), (581, 450, 'Maneuvering - aerial application'), (582, 450, 'Maneuvering - turn to reverse direction'), (583, 450, 'Maneuvering - turn to landing area (emergency)'), (590, 450, 'Hover'), (591, 450, 'Hover - in ground effect'), (592, 450, 'Hover - out of ground effect'), (600, 800, 'Other'), (610, 990, 'Unknown')),
  current_codes AS (
    SELECT e.case_mkey, TRY_CAST(e."tier1Number" AS INTEGER) AS code,
      row_number() OVER (PARTITION BY e.case_mkey ORDER BY coalesce(e."isDefiningEvent", false) DESC, e.position) AS n
    FROM 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_events.parquet' e
    WHERE e.aircrafts_position = 1 AND e."tier1Number" GLOB '[1-9][0-9]*'
      AND (e."isDefiningEvent" OR e.case_mkey IN (SELECT "mKey" FROM 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_case_detail.parquet' WHERE "isPre1982"))
  ),
  phases AS (
    SELECT case_mkey, 'current' AS scheme, code, CASE WHEN code >= 990 THEN 990 ELSE code // 50 * 50 END AS main
    FROM current_codes WHERE n = 1
    UNION ALL
    SELECT o.case_mkey, 'older', o."phaseOfFlightCode", w.main
    FROM 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_occurrences.parquet' o JOIN crosswalk w ON w.code = o."phaseOfFlightCode"
    WHERE o.aircrafts_position = 1 AND o."occurrenceNumber" = 1 AND o.case_mkey NOT IN (SELECT case_mkey FROM current_codes)
  ),
  case_phases AS (
    SELECT p.*, c."eventDate", c."highestInjuryLevel" = 'Fatal' AS fatal, a.aircraft_model_code
    FROM phases p JOIN 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_case_detail.parquet' c ON c."mKey" = p.case_mkey
    LEFT JOIN 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_aircrafts.parquet' a ON a.case_mkey = p.case_mkey AND a.position = 1
    WHERE c."eventDate" >= DATE '1962-01-01' AND p.main IN (SELECT main FROM phase_names)
  )
SELECT c."ntsbNumber", c."eventDate", c."eventType", c."eventCity", c."eventStateOrRegion", a.n_number, a."aircraftMake", a."aircraftModel", c."highestInjuryLevel", c."totalFatal", c."completionStatus", c.report_url
FROM 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_case_detail.parquet' c LEFT JOIN 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_aircrafts.parquet' a ON a.case_mkey = c."mKey" AND a.position = 1
WHERE c."mKey" IN (SELECT case_mkey FROM case_phases WHERE main = 550)
ORDER BY c."eventDate" DESC, c."ntsbNumber" DESC
```

This list as a web page: https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-phases/550/cases?page=357

---
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