# NTSB investigations: Landing

NTSB aviation accident and incident investigations since 1962: the probable cause, findings, aircraft, crew, weather and docket of each, linked to the FAA registry and the FAA’s own reports.

Page 367 of 1,075 · 53,703 cases

## Cases, newest first

- [NTSB ATL90IA060](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ATL90IA060.md): Douglas DC-9-31 · Louisville, KY · Incident · Minor injuries · Incident investigation · Final report · Jan 31, 1990 · N8978E · Minor damage
  > The disabling of the main landing gear torque link which allowed the truck to rotate freely. The torque link was disabled when excessive vibration was generated by excessive play of the torque link pins in their bushings.
- [NTSB DEN90LA049](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/DEN90LA049.md): Piper PA-28-161 · Broomfield, CO · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jan 30, 1990 · N9172Y · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's encounter with severe turbulence during landing, and his failure to divert to an alternate airport after becoming aware of the wind conditions. Contributing to the accident was the pilot's low level of experience.
- [NTSB LAX90LA079](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX90LA079.md): Cessna 152 · Bermuda Dunes, CA · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jan 28, 1990 · N24988 · Substantial damage
  > The student pilot's improper flare, and failure to avoid or correct the resultant porpoise.
- [NTSB BFO90LA022](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/BFO90LA022.md): Cessna 172N · Gaithersburg, MD · Accident · Serious injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jan 27, 1990 · N75946 · Destroyed
  > Inadequate supervision by the instructor pilot (CFI), which resulted in failure to maintain airspeed and a subsequent stall. Factors related to the accident were: gusty/crosswind conditions, the student pilot's inadequate compensation for wind conditions and…
- [NTSB MKC90LA051](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/MKC90LA051.md): Gulfstream-Schweizer G-164B · Conway, AR · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jan 24, 1990 · N8298K · Substantial damage
  > The pilot failed to attain the proper touchdown point and the delayed initiation of the go-around. Contributing to the accident was the fence struck during the aborted landing.
- [NTSB ATL90LA054](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ATL90LA054.md): Swearingen SA 226TC · Morrisville, NC · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jan 24, 1990 · N396AV · Substantial damage
  > Improper installation of the landing gear door actuator fork assembly by company maintenance personnel.
- [NTSB ATL90LA053](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ATL90LA053.md): Mitsubishi MU2B-20 · Nashville, TN · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jan 23, 1990 · N40RP · Substantial damage
  > Inadequate maintenance adjustment of the landing gear system which resulted in the jamming of the left gear door.
- [NTSB ANC90LA031](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ANC90LA031.md): Cessna 185 · Willow, AK · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jan 21, 1990 · N1802R · Substantial damage
  > Selection of an unsuitable landing area (unsuitable terrain) by the pilot. Factors related to the accident were: deep snow on the runway and failure of the flight service station (fss) specialist to inform the pilot that the runway was closed to wheel…
- [NTSB LAX90LA072](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX90LA072.md): Cessna 152 · El Cajon, CA · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jan 20, 1990 · N4898L · Substantial damage
  > The student pilot's failure to maintain directional control during a full stop landing in calm winds.
- [NTSB DCA90MA017](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/DCA90MA017.md): Beech A100 · Atlanta, GA · Accident · 1 fatal · Class 1 · Major · Final report · Jan 19, 1990 · N44UE · 2 aircraft · Destroyed
  > (1) Failure of the federal aviation administration to provide air traffic control procedures that adequately take into consideration human performance factors such as those which resulted in the failure of the north local controller to detect the developing…
- [NTSB ATL90LA052](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ATL90LA052.md): Aero Commander 680E · Knoxville, TN · Accident · Serious injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jan 18, 1990 · N612G · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's excessive airspeed and delay in initiating a go-around during the landing. Factors related to the accident were: the wet runway condition, the pilot's failure to attain the proper touchdown point for the landing, and his lack of flying experience…
- [NTSB CHI90LA067](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI90LA067.md): Bell 47-G2 · Lafayette, IN · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jan 17, 1990 · N90836 · Substantial damage
  > The helicopter student's iproper use of the collective pitch lever during the landing phase of flight. The pilot's lack of total expereince, the relatively high wind, and inadvertent liftoff of the helicopter were factors related to the accident.
- [NTSB NYC90LA048](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/NYC90LA048.md): Piper PA-28-180 · Northampton, MA · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jan 14, 1990 · N8201W · Substantial damage
  > Pilot's improper handling of the airplane, resulting in the loss of directional control. Contributing to the accident were gusty wind conditions and the pilot's lack of total experience.
- [NTSB FTW90LA053](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/FTW90LA053.md): Cessna A185F · Houston, TX · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jan 14, 1990 · N8785Z · Substantial damage
  > Inadequate compensation for wind conditions by the pilot, and his failure to maintain directional control. The unfavorable wind was a related factor.
- [NTSB FTW90LA056](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/FTW90LA056.md): Cessna 170 · Crockett, TX · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jan 13, 1990 · N6303D · Substantial damage
  > The failure of the main landing gear axle due to fatigue which led to a loss of control after touchdown.
- [NTSB LAX90LA069](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX90LA069.md): Cessna 172 · Mesa, AZ · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jan 12, 1990 · N739BB · Substantial damage
  > The failure of the pilot to maintain directional control and compensate for gusty wind conditions which resulted in a hard landing.
- [NTSB DEN90LA040](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/DEN90LA040.md): Boeing A75N1 · Ft Collins, CO · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jan 12, 1990 · N49733 · Substantial damage
  > Failure of the pilot to maintain directional control, which resulted in an inadvertent ground swerve. A factor related to the accident was: the pilot's lack of familiarity with the aircraft.
- [NTSB FTW90LA052](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/FTW90LA052.md): Mooney M20K · Mineola, TX · Accident · Minor injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jan 11, 1990 · N5792M · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's misjudgement of the proper touchdown point on the runway surface. Related factors were: darkness and partial failure of the lighting system.
- [NTSB BFO90LA020](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/BFO90LA020.md): Cessna 172 · Staunton, VA · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jan 10, 1990 · N8488U · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's failure to maintain directional control of the airplane during a crosswind landing.
- [NTSB SEA90LA034](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/SEA90LA034.md): Cessna 177B · Friday Harbor, WA · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jan 9, 1990 · N35000 · Substantial damage
  > Failure of the pilot to attain the proper touchdown point or go-around. Factors related to the accident concerned the runway condition.
- [NTSB MKC90LA042](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/MKC90LA042.md): Cessna 152 · St Charles, MO · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jan 8, 1990 · N6095M · Substantial damage
  > Failure of the pilot to maintain directional control of the aircraft, which resulted in an inadvertent ground swerve. Factors related to the accident were: the crosswind condition, the student's lack of total experience, and the building (hangar).
- [NTSB LAX90DUQ01](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX90DUQ01.md): Davidson Throp T-18 · Camarillo, CA · Accident · Minor injuries · Final report · Jan 6, 1990 · N66MY · Substantial damage
  > Pilots failure to maintain directional control while landing in a crosswind.
- [NTSB CHI90LA063](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI90LA063.md): Cessna 172 · Newark, IL · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jan 6, 1990 · N98923 · Substantial damage
  > Improper planning/decision by the pilot. The wet condition of the grass runway was a related factor.
- [NTSB CHI90LA062](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI90LA062.md): Piper PA-28-140 · Steubenville, OH · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jan 5, 1990 · N557PA · Substantial damage
  > The student pilot's improper landing flare.
- [NTSB ATL90LA045](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ATL90LA045.md): Cessna 152 · Whiteville, NC · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jan 3, 1990 · N94187 · Substantial damage
  > The student pilot's failure to maintain sufficient airspeed through the landing flare to avoid a loss of directional control. Contributing to the accident was his failure to anticipate control inputs required by increased thrust during the go around.
- [NTSB CHI90LA059](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI90LA059.md): Cessna 150F · Elkhart, IN · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jan 1, 1990 · N8575G · Substantial damage
  > Failure of the pilot to maintain directional control of the aircraft, which resulted in his failure to maintain proper runway alignment. Factors related to the accident were the pilot's lack of experience in winter operations, the icy runway condition, and…
- [NTSB ANC90LA023](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ANC90LA023.md): Champion 7ECA · Tanana, AK · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Dec 29, 1989 · N7615S · Substantial damage
  > Failure of the right main gear axle bolt.
- [NTSB MIA90LA045](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/MIA90LA045.md): Piper PA-34-200 · Sarasota, FL · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Dec 28, 1989 · N831SR · Substantial damage
  > Excessive airspeed for landing and improper flare by the pilot, which resulted in an inadvertent porpoise; and the pilot's improper recovery from a bounced landing, which resulted in a hard landing. A related factor was the crosswind condition.
- [NTSB FTW90DRD01](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/FTW90DRD01.md): Long E-Z-E Long E-Z-E- · Hammond, LA · Accident · No injuries · Final report · Dec 28, 1989 · N77NW · Destroyed
  > Inadequate aircraft handling and recovery from a bounced landing. Factors were gusty wind conditions, the pilot's failure to maintain directional control, and the pilot's lack of familiarity with the airplane.
- [NTSB DEN90LA036](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/DEN90LA036.md): Cessna 172N · Broomfield, CO · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Dec 28, 1989 · N75702 · Substantial damage
  > Failure of the pilot to maintain directional control, which resulted in an inadvertent ground swerve. The snowbank was a related factor.
- [NTSB CHI90LA058](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI90LA058.md): Aeronca 11AC · Chillicothe, OH · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Dec 28, 1989 · N3647E · Substantial damage
  > Improper planning/decision by the student pilot, which resulted in a landing on a slick runway, and his failure to maintain directional control during the landing, which resulted in his inability to maintain runway alignment. Contributing factors were: the…
- [NTSB BFO90LA018](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/BFO90LA018.md): Beech BE-24 · Martinsville, VA · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Dec 28, 1989 · N18733 · Substantial damage
  > The pilot failed to maintain adequate airspeed, causing the aircraft to stall and land hard.
- [NTSB DEN90LA035](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/DEN90LA035.md): Cessna 172P · Billings, MT · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Dec 27, 1989 · N53432 · Substantial damage
  > The failure of the pilot to maintain directional control during adverse wind conditions.
- [NTSB ATL90LA039](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ATL90LA039.md): Beech B19 · Muscle Shoals, AL · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Dec 26, 1989 · N6584R · Substantial damage
  > The premature flare initiated by the student pilot and the flight instructor's delay in taking remedial action, which led to an inadvertent stall and a hard landing.
- [NTSB LAX90LA056](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX90LA056.md): Piper PA-32-300 · Big Bear, CA · Accident · Serious injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Dec 23, 1989 · N4111W · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's improper level-off and improper recovery from a bounced landing.
- [NTSB LAX90LA055](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX90LA055.md): Boeing 757-223 · Santa Ana, CA · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Dec 22, 1989 · N611AM · Substantial damage
  > The copilot's overrotation of the aircraft during the flare which allowed the tail to collide with the runway. The failure of the captain to take appropriate corrective action was a factor in the accident.
- [NTSB LAX90LA052](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX90LA052.md): Piper PA-12 · Placerville, CA · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Dec 16, 1989 · N3266M · Substantial damage
  > The student pilot's failure to maintain directional control.
- [NTSB CHI90IA044](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI90IA044.md): Mcdonnell Douglas DC-9-31 · Chicago, IL · Incident · No injuries · Incident investigation · Final report · Dec 14, 1989 · N8969E · Minor damage
  > Inadequate snow removal by airport personnel.
- [NTSB CHI90LA069](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI90LA069.md): Piper PA-28-161 · West Chicago, IL · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Dec 10, 1989 · N4372S · Substantial damage
  > Failure of the solo student pilot to maintain directional control of the aircraft, which resulted in an inadvertent ground swerve. Factors related to the accident were: the crosswind, the student pilot's lack of total inexperience, and the runway lights.
- [NTSB CHI90LA041](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI90LA041.md): Cessna 172N II · Middleton, WI · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Dec 10, 1989 · N75912 · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's improper use of flaps to provide lift on short final approach instead of applying power and the failure to maintain aircraft control.
- [NTSB CHI90LA042](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI90LA042.md): Beech V35 · Cable, WI · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Dec 9, 1989 · N7988M · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's failure to adequately compensate for crosswind conditions. Contributing to the accident was the gusty, crosswind conditions which existed.
- [NTSB ANC90LA016](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ANC90LA016.md): Cessna 180 · Alexander Lake, AK · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Dec 8, 1989 · N9418C · Substantial damage
  > Selection of unsuitable terrain by the pilot. The snow covered terrain was a related factor.
- [NTSB LAX90LA047](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX90LA047.md): Cessna 182E · Avalon, CA · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Dec 7, 1989 · N2957Y · Substantial damage
  > Failure of the pilot to attain the proper touchdown point for landing, and his failure to go around when he had too much speed and insufficient distance to stop on the runway. A factor related to the accident was: the uneven terrain beyond the departure end…
- [NTSB FTW90LA039](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/FTW90LA039.md): Cessna 150 · Stephenville, TX · Accident · Serious injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Dec 4, 1989 · N150RA · Destroyed
  > The pilot's failure to maintain adequate airspeed during a go-around which resulted in a stall.
- [NTSB MIA90LA035](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/MIA90LA035.md): Cessna 152 · Zephyrhills, FL · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Dec 3, 1989 · N6479P · Substantial damage
  > The student pilot not obtaining the current wind information which resulted in selecting the wrong runway for landing; improper recovery from a bounced landing. Contributing factor(s) was: the student pilot's lack of experience and the tailwind conditions.
- [NTSB LAX90LA044](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX90LA044.md): Stinson 108-2 · Rialto, CA · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Dec 3, 1989 · N334K · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's failure to maintain directional control during landing. Contributing factors were the gusty crosswind conditions.
- [NTSB NYC90LA031](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/NYC90LA031.md): Piper PA-28R-200 · Simsbury, CT · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Dec 2, 1989 · N2823T · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's misjudgement of airspeed and distance during landing resulting in an overshoot and swerve off the runway. The dusk light conditions, snow, and frozen terrain were contributing factors to the accident.
- [NTSB LAX90LA043](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX90LA043.md): Cessna 140 · Concord, CA · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Dec 2, 1989 · N2065N · Substantial damage
  > Improper use of the brakes by the pilot. The crosswind and the pilot's failure to maintain runway alignment were contributing factors.
- [NTSB MKC90LA037](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/MKC90LA037.md): Saint Louis YPT-15 · Creve Coeur, MO · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Nov 30, 1989 · N106SC · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's failure to maintain directional control of the airplane. Contribuiting to the accident was the sun glare.
- [NTSB ATL90LA036](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ATL90LA036.md): Cessna 550 · Covington, KY · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Nov 30, 1989 · N171LE · Substantial damage
  > Failure of the pilot-in-command (PIC) to extend the landing gear and inadequate monitoring by the check pilot, which resulted in a wheels-up landing.

Next page: https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-phases/550/cases.md?page=368

## The whole list in SQL

Runs in DuckDB 1.2 or later on the release's Parquet files over HTTPS:

```sql
WITH phase_names(main, name) AS (VALUES (100, 'Prior to flight'), (150, 'Standing'), (200, 'Pushback/towing'), (250, 'Taxi'), (300, 'Takeoff'), (350, 'Initial climb'), (400, 'Enroute'), (450, 'Maneuvering'), (500, 'Approach'), (550, 'Landing'), (600, 'Emergency descent'), (650, 'Uncontrolled descent'), (700, 'Post-impact'), (750, 'After landing'), (800, 'Other'), (990, 'Unknown')),
  crosswalk(code, main, name) AS (VALUES (500, 150, 'Standing'), (501, 150, 'Standing - pre-flight'), (502, 150, 'Standing - starting engine(s)'), (503, 150, 'Standing - engine(s) operating'), (504, 150, 'Standing - engine(s) not operating'), (505, 150, 'Standing - idling rotors'), (510, 250, 'Taxi'), (511, 200, 'Taxi - pushback/tow'), (512, 250, 'Taxi - to takeoff'), (513, 250, 'Taxi - from landing'), (514, 250, 'Taxi - aerial'), (520, 300, 'Takeoff'), (521, 300, 'Takeoff - roll/run'), (522, 350, 'Takeoff - initial climb'), (523, 300, 'Takeoff - aborted'), (530, 400, 'Climb'), (531, 400, 'Climb - to cruise'), (540, 400, 'Cruise'), (541, 400, 'Cruise - normal'), (542, 400, 'Maneuvering - holding (IFR)'), (550, 400, 'Descent'), (551, 400, 'Descent - normal'), (552, 600, 'Descent - emergency'), (553, 650, 'Descent - uncontrolled'), (560, 500, 'Approach'), (561, 500, 'Approach - VFR pattern - downwind'), (562, 500, 'Approach - VFR pattern - base turn'), (563, 500, 'Approach - VFR pattern - base leg/base to final'), (564, 500, 'Approach - VFR pattern - final approach'), (565, 500, 'Go-around (VFR)'), (566, 500, 'Approach - IAF to FAF/outer marker (IFR)'), (567, 500, 'Approach - FAF/outer marker to threshold (IFR)'), (568, 500, 'Circling (IFR)'), (569, 500, 'Missed approach (IFR)'), (570, 550, 'Landing'), (571, 550, 'Landing - flare/touchdown'), (572, 550, 'Landing - roll'), (573, 550, 'Landing - aborted'), (574, 550, 'Emergency landing'), (575, 550, 'Emergency landing after takeoff'), (576, 600, 'Emergency descent/landing'), (580, 450, 'Maneuvering'), (581, 450, 'Maneuvering - aerial application'), (582, 450, 'Maneuvering - turn to reverse direction'), (583, 450, 'Maneuvering - turn to landing area (emergency)'), (590, 450, 'Hover'), (591, 450, 'Hover - in ground effect'), (592, 450, 'Hover - out of ground effect'), (600, 800, 'Other'), (610, 990, 'Unknown')),
  current_codes AS (
    SELECT e.case_mkey, TRY_CAST(e."tier1Number" AS INTEGER) AS code,
      row_number() OVER (PARTITION BY e.case_mkey ORDER BY coalesce(e."isDefiningEvent", false) DESC, e.position) AS n
    FROM 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_events.parquet' e
    WHERE e.aircrafts_position = 1 AND e."tier1Number" GLOB '[1-9][0-9]*'
      AND (e."isDefiningEvent" OR e.case_mkey IN (SELECT "mKey" FROM 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_case_detail.parquet' WHERE "isPre1982"))
  ),
  phases AS (
    SELECT case_mkey, 'current' AS scheme, code, CASE WHEN code >= 990 THEN 990 ELSE code // 50 * 50 END AS main
    FROM current_codes WHERE n = 1
    UNION ALL
    SELECT o.case_mkey, 'older', o."phaseOfFlightCode", w.main
    FROM 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_occurrences.parquet' o JOIN crosswalk w ON w.code = o."phaseOfFlightCode"
    WHERE o.aircrafts_position = 1 AND o."occurrenceNumber" = 1 AND o.case_mkey NOT IN (SELECT case_mkey FROM current_codes)
  ),
  case_phases AS (
    SELECT p.*, c."eventDate", c."highestInjuryLevel" = 'Fatal' AS fatal, a.aircraft_model_code
    FROM phases p JOIN 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_case_detail.parquet' c ON c."mKey" = p.case_mkey
    LEFT JOIN 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_aircrafts.parquet' a ON a.case_mkey = p.case_mkey AND a.position = 1
    WHERE c."eventDate" >= DATE '1962-01-01' AND p.main IN (SELECT main FROM phase_names)
  )
SELECT c."ntsbNumber", c."eventDate", c."eventType", c."eventCity", c."eventStateOrRegion", a.n_number, a."aircraftMake", a."aircraftModel", c."highestInjuryLevel", c."totalFatal", c."completionStatus", c.report_url
FROM 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_case_detail.parquet' c LEFT JOIN 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_aircrafts.parquet' a ON a.case_mkey = c."mKey" AND a.position = 1
WHERE c."mKey" IN (SELECT case_mkey FROM case_phases WHERE main = 550)
ORDER BY c."eventDate" DESC, c."ntsbNumber" DESC
```

This list as a web page: https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-phases/550/cases?page=367

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