# NTSB investigations: Landing

NTSB aviation accident and incident investigations since 1962: the probable cause, findings, aircraft, crew, weather and docket of each, linked to the FAA registry and the FAA’s own reports.

Page 373 of 1,075 · 53,703 cases

## Cases, newest first

- [NTSB ATL89LA176](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ATL89LA176.md): Piper PA28-140 · Holly Hill, SC · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jul 8, 1989 · N4594T · Substantial damage
  > Pilot misjudged his landing approach path and crossed the runway threshold too high to safely complete the landing. He also flared the airplane at too high an altitude resulting in a stall to a hard touchdown on the nose wheel exceeding the structural…
- [NTSB ANC89LA117](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ANC89LA117.md): Cessna 206 · Eureka, AK · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jul 6, 1989 · N60529 · Substantial damage
  > The pilot failed to maintain control of the airplane during a hard landing a subsequent go-around attempt.
- [NTSB ANC89LA115](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ANC89LA115.md): Piper PA-32 · Queens Cannery, AK · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jul 6, 1989 · N2585M · Substantial damage
  > The pilot misjudged his altitude and distance to the runway during the approach and failed to attain the proper touchdown point. The gusty crosswind and berm were contributing factors.
- [NTSB NYC89LA158](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/NYC89LA158.md): Cessna 152 · Plattsburgh, NY · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jul 3, 1989 · N48683 · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's improper flare, improper recovery from a bounced landing, and failure to maintain directional control.
- [NTSB MKC89LA149](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/MKC89LA149.md): Cessna 152 · St. Charles, MO · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jul 3, 1989 · N49554 · Substantial damage
  > Aircraft control was not maintained by the pilot in command due to improper use of the flight controls in flaring the aircraft for landing and counteracting the effects of the cross-wind on the drifting aircraft.
- [NTSB MIA89LA183](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/MIA89LA183.md): Cessna 421B · Fort Lauderdale, FL · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jul 3, 1989 · N149RT · Substantial damage
  > Improper flare by the pilot. The light condition (dark night) was considered to be a contributing factor.
- [NTSB FTW89LA126](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/FTW89LA126.md): Beech 35 · Terrell, TX · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jul 3, 1989 · N2946V · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's failure to maintain directional control. A factor related to the accident was: the pile of dirt (dirt bank) beside the runway.
- [NTSB FTW89LA121](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/FTW89LA121.md): Beech G35 · Roby, TX · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jul 3, 1989 · N4613D · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's improper compensation for wind conditions & his failure to maintain directional control. Factors related to the accident were: the pilot's operation of the aircraft with a known deficiency (worn tire), the adverse wind conditions, and barrels…
- [NTSB DEN89LA157](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/DEN89LA157.md): Cessna 172M · Bicknell, UT · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jul 3, 1989 · N9560H · Substantial damage
  > Failure of the pilot to maintain adequate airspeed, which resulted in a stall. Factors related to the accident were: the pilot's selection of an unsuitable area (terrain) to land, unfavorable wind, & objects (fence & irrigation sprinkler).
- [NTSB DEN89LA156](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/DEN89LA156.md): Piper PA-28RT-201T · Red Lodge, MT · Accident · Serious injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jul 3, 1989 · N4391A · Substantial damage
  > Inadequate compensation for the wind conditions during landing roll, resulting in a loss of control. Contributing to the accident was the gusty wind condition.
- [NTSB CHI89LA127](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI89LA127.md): Piper PA-20 · Gladwin, MI · Accident · Minor injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jul 3, 1989 · N7093K · Substantial damage
  > Failure of the pilot seated in the left seat of the airplane to use brakes to correct for a left turn caused by a bent tail wheel.
- [NTSB NYC89LA160](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/NYC89LA160.md): Cessna 152 · Oneida, NY · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jul 2, 1989 · N4953B · Substantial damage
  > Loss of directional control during landing due to wind change. The aircraft landed hard on the runway due to improper flare by the pilot and a delayed response to the ballooning of the acft.
- [NTSB DEN89LA153](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/DEN89LA153.md): Stitts SA7D · Evanston, WY · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jul 2, 1989 · N1113E · Substantial damage
  > Improper compensation by the pilot for wind conditions. Contributing factors were: high density altitude, unfavorable wind, and downdraft.
- [NTSB BFO89LA049](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/BFO89LA049.md): Bell 47J · Fruitland, MD · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jul 2, 1989 · N6760D · Substantial damage
  > Poor judgement of the pilot by flying, while physically impaired by alcohol, and his misjudgement of clearance between the helicopter and the structure. The dark night and object (structure) were considered to be contributing factors.
- [NTSB LAX89DVG08](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX89DVG08.md): Homebuilt BG 12 B-D · Montague, CA · Accident · No injuries · Final report · Jul 1, 1989 · N124HH · Substantial damage
  > Pilot misjudged the airplane's altitude and failed to extend the spoilers.
- [NTSB FTW89LA122](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/FTW89LA122.md): Cessna 206 · Del Rio, TX · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jul 1, 1989 · N579LD · Substantial damage
  > Pilot's improper flare and improper recovery from a bounced landing, which resulted in a porpoise.
- [NTSB DEN89LA150](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/DEN89LA150.md): Cessna R182 · Telluride, CO · Accident · Minor injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jul 1, 1989 · N7385Y · Destroyed
  > Inadequate compensation for wind conditions by the pilot and his failure to maintain runway alignment. Contributing factors were wind conditions, high density altitude, and trees.
- [NTSB BFO89LA052](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/BFO89LA052.md): Mooney M-20F · Mchenry, MD · Accident · Minor injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jul 1, 1989 · N7784M · Substantial damage
  > The pilot landed hard and collapsed the landing gear when he failed to arrest his descent rate during landing. Afterwardas he tried to make a go-around the pilot did not obtain adequate flying speed, the aircraft stalled and collided with the ground.
- [NTSB ANC89LA111](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ANC89LA111.md): Cessna 185 · Fairbanks, AK · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jul 1, 1989 · N75LE · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's inadequate compensation for wind conditions. The crosswind and gusts were contributing factors.
- [NTSB ANC89LA110](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ANC89LA110.md): Maule M-4-2205 · Beluga, AK · Accident · Minor injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jun 30, 1989 · N40676 · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's failure to properly correct for a crosswind during landing which resulted in a loss of control.
- [NTSB SEA89LA123](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/SEA89LA123.md): Piper PA-20 · Orchards, WA · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jun 29, 1989 · N8986C · Substantial damage
  > The failure of the pilot to align the aircraft with the landing runway on touchdown and his failure to maintain directional control during landing ground roll, resulting in a ground loop.
- [NTSB LAX89LA227](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX89LA227.md): Piper PA-38-112 · Julian, CA · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jun 29, 1989 · N23687 · Substantial damage
  > The failure of the pilot to select the proper runway for existing wind conditions and to execute a go-around when touchdown at the proper point was not accomplished.
- [NTSB ANC89LA108](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ANC89LA108.md): Cessna 206 · Bear Creek No.1, AK · Accident · Minor injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jun 29, 1989 · N3902G · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's inproper recovery from a bounced landing which resulted in a loss of directional control. Contributing to the accident was the pilots overconfidence in personal ability, the gusty crosswind conditions and the sunglare.
- [NTSB SEA89LA125](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/SEA89LA125.md): Maule M4-210 · Lopez, WA · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jun 28, 1989 · N4744T · Substantial damage
  > The pilot did not maintain directional control of the airplane during the landing roll.
- [NTSB MKC89LA145](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/MKC89LA145.md): Cessna U206 · Eveleth, MN · Accident · 1 fatal · Limited investigation · Final report · Jun 28, 1989 · N9627G · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's improper flare during the water landing. The pilot's lack of recent experience in seaplane operations and the lack of experience in the accident aircraft contributed to the accident.
- [NTSB ANC89LA105](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ANC89LA105.md): Helio H800 · King Salmon, AK · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jun 28, 1989 · N4104D · Substantial damage
  > The pilot selected unsuitable terrain for the landing. Soft/wet (muddy) terrain conditions were contributing factors.
- [NTSB ANC89LA104](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ANC89LA104.md): Interstate S-1A · Iliamna, AK · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jun 27, 1989 · N37209 · Substantial damage
  > Pilot failed to maintain directional control during the attempted go-around. Factors in the accident were the rough/uneven terrain and the brush beside the runway.
- [NTSB MKC89LA144](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/MKC89LA144.md): Cessna 210 · Kaiser, MO · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jun 26, 1989 · N9440T · Substantial damage
  > Failure of the pilot to extend the landing gear. A factor in the accident was the pilot's failure to use the checklist.
- [NTSB DEN89LA148](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/DEN89LA148.md): Piper PA-18-150 · Durango, CO · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jun 26, 1989 · N4137Z · Substantial damage
  > The pilot failed to maintain directional control, which resulted in an inadvertent groundloop/swerve. A factor related to the accident was: the adverse wind condition.
- [NTSB CHI89LA121](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI89LA121.md): Cessna C172M · Wadsworth, OH · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jun 26, 1989 · N19950 · Substantial damage
  > Pilot's poor planning/decision making during the approach and landing phase of flight, which resulted in a long landing and runway overrun.
- [NTSB BFO89IA047](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/BFO89IA047.md): British Aerospace 3101 · Baltimore, MD · Incident · No injuries · Incident investigation · Final report · Jun 26, 1989 · N849JS · Minor damage
  > Failure of maintenance personnel to properly torque the power connection at the air conditioning system fuse.
- [NTSB ANC89LA107](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ANC89LA107.md): Cessna 180H · Naknek, AK · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jun 26, 1989 · N2435F · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's selection of an unsuitable landing area.
- [NTSB DEN89LA147](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/DEN89LA147.md): Beech A24R · Evanston, WY · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jun 25, 1989 · N24607 · Substantial damage
  > The pilot became disoriented and delayed in taking remedial action, which resulted on a critically low fuel level. A factor related to the accident was: rough/uneven terrain in the emergency landing area.
- [NTSB LAX89LA226](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX89LA226.md): Cessna T210L · Parker Dam, CA · Accident · Minor injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jun 24, 1989 · N1982K · Substantial damage
  > Improper planning/decision by the pilot and his failure to obtain wind information before landing. Factors relating to this accident were: the adverse weather conditions.
- [NTSB FTW89LA119](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/FTW89LA119.md): Cessna A185F · Marksville, LA · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jun 24, 1989 · N5486R · Substantial damage
  > Failure of the pilot to maintain directional control during the landing roll, which resulted in an inadvertent ground loop and a subsequent nose over.
- [NTSB MKC89LA141](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/MKC89LA141.md): Piper PA-23-250 · Bemidji, MN · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jun 21, 1989 · N6513Y · Substantial damage
  > The continued approach and landing by the pilot in known adverse weather. Contributing factors were the weather conditions and the ditch.
- [NTSB DEN89LA145](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/DEN89LA145.md): Raven S77A · Rio Rancho, NM · Accident · Serious injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jun 21, 1989 · N4207U · No damage
  > A hard landing due to the pilots failure to accurately evaluate the weather conditions along with a delay in making a precautionary landing. Factors contributing to the accident were high winds and wind shear along with rough/uneven terrain.
- [NTSB DEN89LA143](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/DEN89LA143.md): Cessna 172M · Boulder, CO · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jun 20, 1989 · N80893 · Substantial damage
  > Inadequate compensation for wind conditions by the (private rated) dual student and his failure to maintain directional control, which resulted in an inadvertent ground swerve, and inadequate supervision by the instructor pilot (CFI). A factor related to the…
- [NTSB ANC89LA095](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ANC89LA095.md): Cessna 180 · Anchorage, AK · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jun 20, 1989 · N180SR · Substantial damage
  > Loss of directional control by the pilot & inadvertent ground loop/swerve of the aircraft during the landing.
- [NTSB MKC89LA139](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/MKC89LA139.md): Cessna A185F · Int'L Falls, MN · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jun 19, 1989 · N7310H · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's inability to maintain aircraft control after encountering a strong gust of wind during the landing flare/touchdown.
- [NTSB MKC89LA138](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/MKC89LA138.md): Cessna 150M · Grain Valley, MO · Accident · Minor injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jun 19, 1989 · N3148V · Substantial damage
  > Failure of the student pilot to maintain proper runway alignment, while aborting a bounced landing. Factors related to the accident were: the pilot's improper flare and lack of experience in the make and model of aircraft, the right crosswind, and the…
- [NTSB BFO89LA046](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/BFO89LA046.md): Cessna 210A · Ocean City, MD · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jun 19, 1989 · N9520X · Substantial damage
  > Failure of the pilot to go around after landing long & recovering from a bounced landing. Contributing factors were: the pilot's excessive airspeed on the apch, his improper flare for the landing, his failure to attain the proper touchdown point, and the…
- [NTSB ANC89LA097](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ANC89LA097.md): Piper PA-20 · Sheshalik, AK · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jun 19, 1989 · N7735K · Substantial damage
  > Pilot-in-command's failure to perform an adequate preflight inspection of the airplane's brakes.
- [NTSB CHI89DEI01](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI89DEI01.md): Cox/Pitts Special S-1S · Alliance, OH · Accident · No injuries · Final report · Jun 18, 1989 · N49JC · Substantial damage
  > Failure of the pilot to maintain proper runway alignment. The soft terrain was a related factor.
- [NTSB LAX89LA215](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX89LA215.md): Cessna 182P · Fallbrook, CA · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jun 17, 1989 · N6084P · Destroyed
  > Pilot did not follow procedures/directives in as much as he pushed the throttle forward too fast and the engine was not able to respond.
- [NTSB DEN89LA139](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/DEN89LA139.md): Cessna 180K · Bullfrog, UT · Accident · Minor injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jun 17, 1989 · N1846Z · Substantial damage
  > The pilot failed to compensate for wind conditions during the landing roll. The crosswind was considered as a contributing factor. An underlying factor to the accident was the pilot's lack of experience in performing crosswind landings in the Cessna 180.
- [NTSB CHI89LA110](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI89LA110.md): Maule MX-7-235 · Indianapolis, IN · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jun 17, 1989 · N12VR · Substantial damage
  > Improper compensation for wind conditions by the pilot, his failure to maintain runway alignment, and his misjudgement of wingtip clearance above the ground as he was maneuvering to avoid the runway & VASI lights. The crosswind and runway/vasi lights were…
- [NTSB DEN89LA138](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/DEN89LA138.md): Piper PA-34-200T · Las Cruces, NM · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jun 16, 1989 · N36345 · Substantial damage
  > Failure of the left main landing gear trunnion. A contributing factor was: inadequate inspection procedure in Piper service bulletin #787A.
- [NTSB ATL89LA170](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ATL89LA170.md): Cessna R172E · Birmingham, AL · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jun 16, 1989 · N48257 · Substantial damage
  > Improper flare by the pilot, which resulted in a hard landing. The fact that the pilot was asked twice to expedite the landing created pressure on the pilot and was considered to be a factor.
- [NTSB ANC89LA093](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ANC89LA093.md): Piper PA-32-300 · Eek, AK · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jun 16, 1989 · N32062 · Substantial damage
  > Failure of the center torque link bolt on the right main gear.

Next page: https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-phases/550/cases.md?page=374

## The whole list in SQL

Runs in DuckDB 1.2 or later on the release's Parquet files over HTTPS:

```sql
WITH phase_names(main, name) AS (VALUES (100, 'Prior to flight'), (150, 'Standing'), (200, 'Pushback/towing'), (250, 'Taxi'), (300, 'Takeoff'), (350, 'Initial climb'), (400, 'Enroute'), (450, 'Maneuvering'), (500, 'Approach'), (550, 'Landing'), (600, 'Emergency descent'), (650, 'Uncontrolled descent'), (700, 'Post-impact'), (750, 'After landing'), (800, 'Other'), (990, 'Unknown')),
  crosswalk(code, main, name) AS (VALUES (500, 150, 'Standing'), (501, 150, 'Standing - pre-flight'), (502, 150, 'Standing - starting engine(s)'), (503, 150, 'Standing - engine(s) operating'), (504, 150, 'Standing - engine(s) not operating'), (505, 150, 'Standing - idling rotors'), (510, 250, 'Taxi'), (511, 200, 'Taxi - pushback/tow'), (512, 250, 'Taxi - to takeoff'), (513, 250, 'Taxi - from landing'), (514, 250, 'Taxi - aerial'), (520, 300, 'Takeoff'), (521, 300, 'Takeoff - roll/run'), (522, 350, 'Takeoff - initial climb'), (523, 300, 'Takeoff - aborted'), (530, 400, 'Climb'), (531, 400, 'Climb - to cruise'), (540, 400, 'Cruise'), (541, 400, 'Cruise - normal'), (542, 400, 'Maneuvering - holding (IFR)'), (550, 400, 'Descent'), (551, 400, 'Descent - normal'), (552, 600, 'Descent - emergency'), (553, 650, 'Descent - uncontrolled'), (560, 500, 'Approach'), (561, 500, 'Approach - VFR pattern - downwind'), (562, 500, 'Approach - VFR pattern - base turn'), (563, 500, 'Approach - VFR pattern - base leg/base to final'), (564, 500, 'Approach - VFR pattern - final approach'), (565, 500, 'Go-around (VFR)'), (566, 500, 'Approach - IAF to FAF/outer marker (IFR)'), (567, 500, 'Approach - FAF/outer marker to threshold (IFR)'), (568, 500, 'Circling (IFR)'), (569, 500, 'Missed approach (IFR)'), (570, 550, 'Landing'), (571, 550, 'Landing - flare/touchdown'), (572, 550, 'Landing - roll'), (573, 550, 'Landing - aborted'), (574, 550, 'Emergency landing'), (575, 550, 'Emergency landing after takeoff'), (576, 600, 'Emergency descent/landing'), (580, 450, 'Maneuvering'), (581, 450, 'Maneuvering - aerial application'), (582, 450, 'Maneuvering - turn to reverse direction'), (583, 450, 'Maneuvering - turn to landing area (emergency)'), (590, 450, 'Hover'), (591, 450, 'Hover - in ground effect'), (592, 450, 'Hover - out of ground effect'), (600, 800, 'Other'), (610, 990, 'Unknown')),
  current_codes AS (
    SELECT e.case_mkey, TRY_CAST(e."tier1Number" AS INTEGER) AS code,
      row_number() OVER (PARTITION BY e.case_mkey ORDER BY coalesce(e."isDefiningEvent", false) DESC, e.position) AS n
    FROM 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_events.parquet' e
    WHERE e.aircrafts_position = 1 AND e."tier1Number" GLOB '[1-9][0-9]*'
      AND (e."isDefiningEvent" OR e.case_mkey IN (SELECT "mKey" FROM 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_case_detail.parquet' WHERE "isPre1982"))
  ),
  phases AS (
    SELECT case_mkey, 'current' AS scheme, code, CASE WHEN code >= 990 THEN 990 ELSE code // 50 * 50 END AS main
    FROM current_codes WHERE n = 1
    UNION ALL
    SELECT o.case_mkey, 'older', o."phaseOfFlightCode", w.main
    FROM 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_occurrences.parquet' o JOIN crosswalk w ON w.code = o."phaseOfFlightCode"
    WHERE o.aircrafts_position = 1 AND o."occurrenceNumber" = 1 AND o.case_mkey NOT IN (SELECT case_mkey FROM current_codes)
  ),
  case_phases AS (
    SELECT p.*, c."eventDate", c."highestInjuryLevel" = 'Fatal' AS fatal, a.aircraft_model_code
    FROM phases p JOIN 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_case_detail.parquet' c ON c."mKey" = p.case_mkey
    LEFT JOIN 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_aircrafts.parquet' a ON a.case_mkey = p.case_mkey AND a.position = 1
    WHERE c."eventDate" >= DATE '1962-01-01' AND p.main IN (SELECT main FROM phase_names)
  )
SELECT c."ntsbNumber", c."eventDate", c."eventType", c."eventCity", c."eventStateOrRegion", a.n_number, a."aircraftMake", a."aircraftModel", c."highestInjuryLevel", c."totalFatal", c."completionStatus", c.report_url
FROM 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_case_detail.parquet' c LEFT JOIN 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_aircrafts.parquet' a ON a.case_mkey = c."mKey" AND a.position = 1
WHERE c."mKey" IN (SELECT case_mkey FROM case_phases WHERE main = 550)
ORDER BY c."eventDate" DESC, c."ntsbNumber" DESC
```

This list as a web page: https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-phases/550/cases?page=373

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