# NTSB investigations, 1994: Landing

NTSB aviation accident and incident investigations since 1962: the probable cause, findings, aircraft, crew, weather and docket of each, linked to the FAA registry and the FAA’s own reports.

Page 1 of 11 · 516 cases

## Latest cases

- [NTSB ANC95LA031](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ANC95LA031.md): Cessna 182M · New Stuyahok, AK · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Dec 31, 1994 · N92105 · Substantial damage
  > A failure of the pilot to maintain directional control of the airplane during the landing roll. A factor in the accident was an icy runway surface.
- [NTSB LAX95LA066](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX95LA066.md): Cessna 207 · Fort Huachuca, AZ · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Dec 30, 1994 · N91090 · Substantial damage
  > The failure of the radar and tower controllers to ensure that the pilot was aware of the runway status. Factors related to the accident were the downwind no-flap landing and the sunglare.
- [NTSB FTW95LA076](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/FTW95LA076.md): Cessna 172N · Albuquerque, NM · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Dec 29, 1994 · N737ZJ · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's failure to maintain directional control during a touch-and-go landing.
- [NTSB CHI95LA063](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI95LA063.md): Hoover Bushby MM1 · Chesterfield, MO · Accident · Minor injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Dec 28, 1994 · N32VF · Substantial damage
  > the pilot's failure to maintain directional control of the airplane during the landing roll. A factor in the accident was the pilot's lack of recent total experience.
- [NTSB SEA95LA032](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/SEA95LA032.md): Pitts S-2B · Afton, WY · Accident · Minor injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Dec 27, 1994 · N60823 · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's failure to maintain directional control, and his inadequate remedial action. Factors include snow covered terrain at the edge of the runway.
- [NTSB BFO95LA024](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/BFO95LA024.md): Cessna 152 · Stevensville, MD · Accident · Minor injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Dec 27, 1994 · N93042 · Substantial damage
  > Separation of the steering linkages on the nosegear which resulted in the pilot being unable to maintain directional control during landing and subsequent on ground collision with a ditch.
- [NTSB MIA95LA050](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/MIA95LA050.md): Beech 95-C55 · Arcadia, FL · Accident · Serious injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Dec 26, 1994 · N546V · Substantial damage
  > Poor in flight planning/decision by the pilot for electing to land with fog on the airstrip. Contributing to the accident was failure of the pilot to obtain a formal preflight weather briefing and his failure to fully apply the brakes (normal) after landing.…
- [NTSB ANC95LA022](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ANC95LA022.md): Cessna 140 · Tok, AK · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Dec 26, 1994 · N89870 · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's attempt to fly into known adverse weather. A factor related to the accident was the icing conditions.
- [NTSB LAX95LA059](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX95LA059.md): Cessna 185A · Long Beach, CA · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Dec 22, 1994 · N101LL · Substantial damage
  > the pilot's failure to maintain directional control of the aircraft both during the landing and the attempted rejected landing maneuver.
- [NTSB LAX95LA057](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX95LA057.md): Cessna 150F · Carlsbad, CA · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Dec 21, 1994 · N6660F · Substantial damage
  > the pilot's misjudged landing flare which resulted in a stall and a subsequent impact with the runway.
- [NTSB CHI95LA055](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI95LA055.md): Cessna 172 · Allegan, MI · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Dec 21, 1994 · N7656X · Substantial damage
  > the student pilot's failure to maintain directional control which resulted in the inability to obtain proper runway alignment. Related factors are the student pilot's lack of total flight experience and the snowbank.
- [NTSB NYC95LA044](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/NYC95LA044.md): Piper PA-28-181 · Gr. Barrington, MA · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Dec 20, 1994 · N4497X · Substantial damage
  > The pilot landed with excessive airspeed which resulted in a long landing, runway overrun, and collision with trees.
- [NTSB LAX95LA055](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX95LA055.md): Luscombe 8E · Hemet, CA · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Dec 20, 1994 · N1217B · 2 aircraft · Substantial damage
  > The other aircraft pilot's inadequate bounced landing recovery and his failure to maintain directional control.
- [NTSB NYC95IA043](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/NYC95IA043.md): Boeing 747-131 · Jamaica, NY · Incident · No injuries · Incident investigation · Final report · Dec 18, 1994 · N53116 · Minor damage
  > Improper maintenance overhaul which resulted in a fatigue crack.
- [NTSB SEA95LA030](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/SEA95LA030.md): Maule MX-7-235 · Heber City, UT · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Dec 17, 1994 · N101ZA · Substantial damage
  > An open connection clip. A factor to the accident was a locked tail wheel assembly.
- [NTSB CHI95LA059](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI95LA059.md): American Champion Citabria 7-GCBC · Ulysses, KS · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Dec 16, 1994 · N31271 · Substantial damage
  > the pilots improper use of brakes during practice landings, and his lack of total experience in tail wheel equipped airplanes.
- [NTSB LAX95LA073](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX95LA073.md): Cessna 421C · Chinle, AZ · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Dec 14, 1994 · N746CA · Substantial damage
  > the overload failure of the nose gear trunion for undetermined reasons.
- [NTSB ATL95LA028](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ATL95LA028.md): Cessna 402B · Hickory, NC · Accident · Minor injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Dec 14, 1994 · N7628R · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's failure to attain a proper touchdown point during the transition to landing, which resulted in a long landing and overrun. Factors were the low ceilings and fog which prevailed at the time of the accident.
- [NTSB ANC95LA018](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ANC95LA018.md): Piper PA-18 · Palmer, AK · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Dec 12, 1994 · N717DR · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's misjudged landing flare.
- [NTSB FTW95LA063](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/FTW95LA063.md): Cessna 152 · Oklahoma City, OK · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Dec 11, 1994 · N24350 · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's improper recovery from a bounced landing. Factors were the improper flare and the resultant loss of directional control.
- [NTSB CHI95LA057](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI95LA057.md): Mooney M20J · Scott City, KS · Accident · Serious injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Dec 11, 1994 · N4023H · Substantial damage
  > the pilot's failure to attain compensation for wind conditions. A factor was the crosswind condition.
- [NTSB FTW95LA062](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/FTW95LA062.md): Cessna 172B · Seguin, TX · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Dec 7, 1994 · N7697X · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's failure to attain proper touchdown point.
- [NTSB FTW95LA060](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/FTW95LA060.md): Howard DGA-15P · Las Cruces, NM · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Dec 3, 1994 · N88WT · Substantial damage
  > The inadequate maintenance by unknown maintenance personnel. A factor was the collapsed landing gear.
- [NTSB NYC95LA038](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/NYC95LA038.md): Cessna 172J · Batavia, OH · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Dec 2, 1994 · N12395 · Substantial damage
  > Failure of the pilot to maintain control of the airplane during the landing flare/toughdown. Factors related to the accident were: the crosswind and proximity of the ditch to the runway.
- [NTSB SEA95LA022](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/SEA95LA022.md): Hiller UH-12C · Twisp, WA · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Nov 28, 1994 · N54594 · Substantial damage
  > An unexplained loss of power and the student pilot's delayed application of collective during the landing flare.
- [NTSB FTW95LA055](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/FTW95LA055.md): Boeing 757-24APF · Tulsa, OK · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Nov 25, 1994 · N413UP · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's failure to maintain vref during approach and his improper flare touchdown that resulted in an excessive pitch up attitude following touchdown.
- [NTSB LAX95LA039](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX95LA039.md): Robinson R-22B · Honolulu, HI · Accident · Minor injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Nov 22, 1994 · N31MK · Substantial damage
  > the student pilot's improper use of the collective and throttle controls and his failure to maintain adequate main rotor rpm during a practice autorotation.
- [NTSB CHI95LA043](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI95LA043.md): Piper PA-44 · Thief Rvr Falls, MN · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Nov 22, 1994 · N853ND · Substantial damage
  > the flight instructor's delayed remedial action during a simulated forced landing. A factor in the accident is the student pilot's improper landing flare.
- [NTSB BFO95LA016](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/BFO95LA016.md): Cessna 150M · Manville, NJ · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Nov 20, 1994 · N2984V · Substantial damage
  > the certificated flight instructor's failure to maintain adequate supervision of the student pilot and ensure control of the airplane during the landing flare/touchdown. The student pilot's lack of total experience and improper aircraft handling were related…
- [NTSB BFO95LA015](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/BFO95LA015.md): Schweizer SGS 2-33A · Hilltown, PA · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Nov 19, 1994 · N33938 · Substantial damage
  > Improper in-flight planning decision by the pilot, which resulted in insufficient altitude to maintain clearance from trees.
- [NTSB ANC95LA011](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ANC95LA011.md): Cessna 185F · Anchorage, AK · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Nov 19, 1994 · N9618H · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's selection of unsuitable terrain for landing. The pilot's disregard of a NOTAM that closed the runway and a slush covered runway area were factors in the accident.
- [NTSB ANC95LA013](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ANC95LA013.md): Cessna 207 · Akiachak, AK · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Nov 18, 1994 · N9829M · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's inadequate compensation for crosswind. Crosswind conditions and an icy runway surface were factors in the accident.
- [NTSB ATL95LA015](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ATL95LA015.md): Piper PA-601P · Luray, SC · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Nov 17, 1994 · N22ML · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's improper landing flare which resulted in a hard landing.
- [NTSB FTW95LA043](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/FTW95LA043.md): Cessna 206E · San Benito, TX · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Nov 16, 1994 · XBEPF · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's improper attempt to make an off airport landing at night and the inadvertent ground loop. A factor was the dark night light condition.
- [NTSB NYC95LA025](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/NYC95LA025.md): Lee Pazmany PL-4A · Orange, MA · Accident · 1 fatal · Limited investigation · Final report · Nov 13, 1994 · N337RL · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's improper flare which resulted in a hard landing, collapse of the main gear, and inflight collision with the ground.
- [NTSB ANC95LA010](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ANC95LA010.md): Cessna 172 · Bethel, AK · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Nov 12, 1994 · N6322D · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's inadequate compensation for crosswind conditions. A crosswind and icy runway conditions were factors in the accident.
- [NTSB CHI95LA039](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI95LA039.md): Piper PA-28R-200 · Rochelle, IL · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Nov 11, 1994 · N32196 · Substantial damage
  > the student pilot's failure to maintain directional control of the airplane during the landing roll. A factor in the accident was the student pilot's improper use of the brakes.
- [NTSB NYC95LA022](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/NYC95LA022.md): Cessna 150L · Dawson Springs, KY · Accident · Minor injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Nov 9, 1994 · N5483Q · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's failure to maintain adequate obstacle clearance. Other related factors are night conditions and the pilot's improper inflight planning/decision.
- [NTSB CHI95LA033](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI95LA033.md): Cessna 150 · Tomahawk, WI · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Nov 9, 1994 · N9143U · Substantial damage
  > the collision with deer during landing - flare/touchdown.
- [NTSB FTW95LA046](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/FTW95LA046.md): Raven S100A · Las Vegas, NM · Accident · Serious injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Nov 6, 1994 · N54693 · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's improper in-flight planning/decision. A factor related to the accident was: the high wind condition.
- [NTSB MIA95LA030](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/MIA95LA030.md): Cessna 310L · Miami, FL · Accident · Serious injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Nov 5, 1994 · N216Y · Substantial damage
  > Failure of the landing gear extension and retraction system for an undetermined reason.
- [NTSB ANC95FA008](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ANC95FA008.md): Mcdonnell Douglas MD-11/F · Anchorage, AK · Accident · No injuries · Field investigation · Final report · Nov 4, 1994 · N611FE · Substantial damage
  > The flight crew's improper recovery from a bounced landing. Factors associated with the accident are the first officer's lack of familiarity with the airplane, his failure to stabilize the approach, and the captain's delayed remedial action.
- [NTSB SEA95LA019](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/SEA95LA019.md): Beech A23 · La Grande, OR · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Nov 3, 1994 · N4792J · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's failure to maintain directional control. Factors include the soft, wet airstrip, and a ditch near the side of the runway.
- [NTSB ATL95LA011](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ATL95LA011.md): Cessna 185 · Elizabethton, TN · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Nov 3, 1994 · N6688H · Substantial damage
  > The flexing of the rudder pedal control locking assembly which resulted in the collapse of the co-pilot's left pedal during heavy braking.
- [NTSB SEA95LA014](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/SEA95LA014.md): Cessna 205A · Lowell, ID · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Nov 1, 1994 · N4801U · Substantial damage
  > The pilot in command's long and fast landing. A factor was the wet runway surface condition.
- [NTSB MIA95LA016](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/MIA95LA016.md): Cessna 402C · Fort Lauderdale, FL · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Nov 1, 1994 · N5715C · Substantial damage
  > The failure of the left main landing gear upper barrel and trunion assembly due to overstress separations, resulting in the collapse of the left main landing gear on landing rollout.
- [NTSB BFO95LA009](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/BFO95LA009.md): Cessna 150D · Paducah, KY · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Oct 30, 1994 · N5962T · Substantial damage
  > The student pilot's failure to maintain proper alignment and the certified flight instructor's inadequate supervision of the flight.
- [NTSB NYC95LA026](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/NYC95LA026.md): Balloon Works Firefly 7 · Nashua, NH · Accident · Serious injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Oct 29, 1994 · N4070S · No damage
  > The pilot's improper touchdown which resulted in a rollover.
- [NTSB LAX95LA028](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX95LA028.md): Champion 7ECA · Mariposa, CA · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Oct 29, 1994 · N7MM · Substantial damage
  > the unqualified student pilot's improper use of the brakes and his failure to maintain directional control of the aircraft. The pilot's lack of total experience is a factor in this accident.
- [NTSB FTW95LA036](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/FTW95LA036.md): Cessna 172P · Colorado Spgs, CO · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Oct 29, 1994 · N52521 · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's improper landing flare, the resultant porpoise and an inadequate recovery from the bounced landing.

Next page: https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-phases/550/cases.md?year=1994&page=2

## The whole list in SQL

Runs in DuckDB 1.2 or later on the release's Parquet files over HTTPS:

```sql
WITH phase_names(main, name) AS (VALUES (100, 'Prior to flight'), (150, 'Standing'), (200, 'Pushback/towing'), (250, 'Taxi'), (300, 'Takeoff'), (350, 'Initial climb'), (400, 'Enroute'), (450, 'Maneuvering'), (500, 'Approach'), (550, 'Landing'), (600, 'Emergency descent'), (650, 'Uncontrolled descent'), (700, 'Post-impact'), (750, 'After landing'), (800, 'Other'), (990, 'Unknown')),
  crosswalk(code, main, name) AS (VALUES (500, 150, 'Standing'), (501, 150, 'Standing - pre-flight'), (502, 150, 'Standing - starting engine(s)'), (503, 150, 'Standing - engine(s) operating'), (504, 150, 'Standing - engine(s) not operating'), (505, 150, 'Standing - idling rotors'), (510, 250, 'Taxi'), (511, 200, 'Taxi - pushback/tow'), (512, 250, 'Taxi - to takeoff'), (513, 250, 'Taxi - from landing'), (514, 250, 'Taxi - aerial'), (520, 300, 'Takeoff'), (521, 300, 'Takeoff - roll/run'), (522, 350, 'Takeoff - initial climb'), (523, 300, 'Takeoff - aborted'), (530, 400, 'Climb'), (531, 400, 'Climb - to cruise'), (540, 400, 'Cruise'), (541, 400, 'Cruise - normal'), (542, 400, 'Maneuvering - holding (IFR)'), (550, 400, 'Descent'), (551, 400, 'Descent - normal'), (552, 600, 'Descent - emergency'), (553, 650, 'Descent - uncontrolled'), (560, 500, 'Approach'), (561, 500, 'Approach - VFR pattern - downwind'), (562, 500, 'Approach - VFR pattern - base turn'), (563, 500, 'Approach - VFR pattern - base leg/base to final'), (564, 500, 'Approach - VFR pattern - final approach'), (565, 500, 'Go-around (VFR)'), (566, 500, 'Approach - IAF to FAF/outer marker (IFR)'), (567, 500, 'Approach - FAF/outer marker to threshold (IFR)'), (568, 500, 'Circling (IFR)'), (569, 500, 'Missed approach (IFR)'), (570, 550, 'Landing'), (571, 550, 'Landing - flare/touchdown'), (572, 550, 'Landing - roll'), (573, 550, 'Landing - aborted'), (574, 550, 'Emergency landing'), (575, 550, 'Emergency landing after takeoff'), (576, 600, 'Emergency descent/landing'), (580, 450, 'Maneuvering'), (581, 450, 'Maneuvering - aerial application'), (582, 450, 'Maneuvering - turn to reverse direction'), (583, 450, 'Maneuvering - turn to landing area (emergency)'), (590, 450, 'Hover'), (591, 450, 'Hover - in ground effect'), (592, 450, 'Hover - out of ground effect'), (600, 800, 'Other'), (610, 990, 'Unknown')),
  current_codes AS (
    SELECT e.case_mkey, TRY_CAST(e."tier1Number" AS INTEGER) AS code,
      row_number() OVER (PARTITION BY e.case_mkey ORDER BY coalesce(e."isDefiningEvent", false) DESC, e.position) AS n
    FROM 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_events.parquet' e
    WHERE e.aircrafts_position = 1 AND e."tier1Number" GLOB '[1-9][0-9]*'
      AND (e."isDefiningEvent" OR e.case_mkey IN (SELECT "mKey" FROM 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_case_detail.parquet' WHERE "isPre1982"))
  ),
  phases AS (
    SELECT case_mkey, 'current' AS scheme, code, CASE WHEN code >= 990 THEN 990 ELSE code // 50 * 50 END AS main
    FROM current_codes WHERE n = 1
    UNION ALL
    SELECT o.case_mkey, 'older', o."phaseOfFlightCode", w.main
    FROM 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_occurrences.parquet' o JOIN crosswalk w ON w.code = o."phaseOfFlightCode"
    WHERE o.aircrafts_position = 1 AND o."occurrenceNumber" = 1 AND o.case_mkey NOT IN (SELECT case_mkey FROM current_codes)
  ),
  case_phases AS (
    SELECT p.*, c."eventDate", c."highestInjuryLevel" = 'Fatal' AS fatal, a.aircraft_model_code
    FROM phases p JOIN 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_case_detail.parquet' c ON c."mKey" = p.case_mkey
    LEFT JOIN 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_aircrafts.parquet' a ON a.case_mkey = p.case_mkey AND a.position = 1
    WHERE c."eventDate" >= DATE '1962-01-01' AND p.main IN (SELECT main FROM phase_names)
  )
SELECT c."ntsbNumber", c."eventDate", c."eventType", c."eventCity", c."eventStateOrRegion", a.n_number, a."aircraftMake", a."aircraftModel", c."highestInjuryLevel", c."totalFatal", c."completionStatus", c.report_url
FROM 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_case_detail.parquet' c LEFT JOIN 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_aircrafts.parquet' a ON a.case_mkey = c."mKey" AND a.position = 1
WHERE year(c."eventDate") = 1994
  AND c."mKey" IN (SELECT case_mkey FROM case_phases WHERE main = 550)
ORDER BY c."eventDate" DESC, c."ntsbNumber" DESC
```

This list as a web page: https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-phases/550/cases?year=1994

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