# NTSB investigations, 1998: Landing

NTSB aviation accident and incident investigations since 1962: the probable cause, findings, aircraft, crew, weather and docket of each, linked to the FAA registry and the FAA’s own reports.

Page 1 of 11 · 545 cases

## Latest cases

- [NTSB CHI99LA068](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI99LA068.md): Cessna P210N · Eau Clare, WI · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Dec 31, 1998 · N731YY · Substantial damage
  > the delayed gear extension by the pilot. Contributing factors were the checklist not used by the pilot, the inoperative gear warning, and the maintenance replacement of the throttle control/gear warning interconnect cable not performed by company/operator…
- [NTSB ATL99LA036](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ATL99LA036.md): Bell 47G-3B-2 · Murfreesboro, TN · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Dec 30, 1998 · N123NM · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's inadequate flare and his diverted attention, which resulted in a hard landing.
- [NTSB LAX99LA060](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX99LA060.md): Aegerter, Simon Velocity 173E-RG · San Diego, CA · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Dec 29, 1998 · N466MF · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's inadequate modification to the control systems, which resulted in a restricted elevator control.
- [NTSB SEA99LA029](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/SEA99LA029.md): Beech 200 · Weiser, ID · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Dec 28, 1998 · N6684B · Substantial damage
  > Airport snow removal was not properly performed. A snowbank was a factor.
- [NTSB CHI99LA054](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI99LA054.md): Cessna 152 · Urbana, IL · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Dec 27, 1998 · N5527L · Substantial damage
  > the student pilot not maintaining the proper descent rate on final approach, and the certified flight instructor's delayed remedial action.
- [NTSB SEA99LA024](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/SEA99LA024.md): Cessna 120 · Omak, WA · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Dec 26, 1998 · N120L · Substantial damage
  > The pilot-in-command's failure to maintain directional control. Contributing factors were the snow covered runway and a snowbank (berm) at the runway's edge.
- [NTSB CHI99LA060](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI99LA060.md): Cessna 152 · Appleton, WI · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Dec 26, 1998 · N6136Q · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's failure to maintain directional control. A related factor was the crosswind.
- [NTSB SEA99LA023](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/SEA99LA023.md): Piper PA-34-200 · Bellingham, WA · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Dec 20, 1998 · CGHFD · Substantial damage
  > A hard landing due to the pilot's failure to maintain a proper descent rate. Factors include gusts and turbulence.
- [NTSB MIA99LA049](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/MIA99LA049.md): Cessna 170 · Lawrenceville, GA · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Dec 18, 1998 · N4105V · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's failure to maintain directional control.
- [NTSB LAX99LA055](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX99LA055.md): Piper PA-28-180 · Big Bear, CA · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Dec 18, 1998 · N5413S · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's misjudged landing flare, which lead to an inadvertent stall/mush 10 feet above the ground.
- [NTSB CHI99LA055](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI99LA055.md): Aerospatiale ATR-42-300 · Traverse City, MI · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Dec 17, 1998 · N47AE · Substantial damage
  > The crew's failure to execute a missed approach and the flying pilot's (captain) failure to maintain directional control upon touchdown with a seven degree left bank and a right quartering tailwind. Factor's were the snow covered runway/landing area and the…
- [NTSB SEA99LA021](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/SEA99LA021.md): Elliott RAF 2000 · Walla Walla, WA · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Dec 16, 1998 · N797X · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's failure to maintain directional control after landing.
- [NTSB FTW99LA053](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/FTW99LA053.md): Dennis Pointer KR-2 · Denton, TX · Accident · Serious injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Dec 16, 1998 · N202DP · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's loss of control as result of his improper recovery from a bounced landing.
- [NTSB FTW99FA049](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/FTW99FA049.md): Cessna 150H · Marksville, LA · Accident · 2 fatal · Field investigation · Final report · Dec 15, 1998 · N22038 · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's failure to visually identify the hazardous condition of the runway. Factors were the dusk light condition and the pilot's failure to obtain NOTAMs.
- [NTSB DEN99LA025](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/DEN99LA025.md): Cessna 182RG · Glenwood Spring, CO · Accident · Serious injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Dec 13, 1998 · N9854C · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's failure to maintain directional control. A contributing factor is his inadequate recovery from a bounced landing.
- [NTSB MIA99LA062](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/MIA99LA062.md): Beech C-45G · Charlotte Amali · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Dec 11, 1998 · N555NJ · Substantial damage
  > The inadequate flare by the pilot-in-command resulting in a hard landing on the nose landing gear causing it to collapse.
- [NTSB LAX99LA046](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX99LA046.md): Piper PA-28R-200 · Tucson, AZ · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Dec 11, 1998 · N9320N · Substantial damage
  > Failure of the instructor pilot to maintain directional control and properly supervise the landing. A contributing factor was the unavailability of brakes on the instructor's side (the right side) of the airplane.
- [NTSB ATL99LA032](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ATL99LA032.md): Cessna 310C · Ft Myers, FL · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Dec 9, 1998 · N218S · Substantial damage
  > The inadequate preflight inspection of the airplane by the pilot and subsequent malfunction of the nose gear strut, and the pilot's failure to follow the landing checklist.
- [NTSB NYC99LA035](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/NYC99LA035.md): Beech 36 · Mathews, VA · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Dec 8, 1998 · N3237Q · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's decision to land with less than full-down flaps. Contributing factors were the wet landing surface and the tree.
- [NTSB NYC99LA034](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/NYC99LA034.md): Univair 7GC-AA · Garner, VA · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Dec 6, 1998 · N31253 · Substantial damage
  > A jammed right wheel for undetermined reasons.
- [NTSB CHI99LA049](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI99LA049.md): Cessna 150 · East Troy, WI · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Dec 6, 1998 · N63563 · Substantial damage
  > the student pilot's failure to maintain directional control of the airplane. Factors associated with the accident were the crosswind, and the ditch.
- [NTSB FTW99LA043](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/FTW99LA043.md): Cessna 180 · Springdale, AR · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Dec 3, 1998 · N1774C · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's improper recovery from a bounced landing resulting in a ground loop. A factor was the pilot's improper landing flare.
- [NTSB MIA99LA040](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/MIA99LA040.md): Bellanca 17-30 · Star, NC · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Dec 2, 1998 · N4789V · Substantial damage
  > The failure of the pilot to use proper short-field landing procedure, resulting in an extended flare and touchdown by the nose wheel and right main wheel simultaneously, and the subsequent loss of directional control and collision with trees.
- [NTSB FTW99LA040](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/FTW99LA040.md): Cessna 152 · Fort Worth, TX · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Dec 1, 1998 · N4755B · Substantial damage
  > The student pilot's loss of directional control due to improper use of the rudder. A factor was the hilly terrain beyond the departure end of the runway.
- [NTSB DCA99IA023](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/DCA99IA023.md): Boeing 757 · Washington, DC · Incident · No injuries · Incident investigation · Final report · Nov 29, 1998 · UNK · No damage
  > Undetermined.
- [NTSB NYC99LA030](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/NYC99LA030.md): King Kitfox IV · Gasport, NY · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Nov 28, 1998 · N9724F · Substantial damage
  > A collision with a deer while landing.
- [NTSB LAX99LA045](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX99LA045.md): Maule M-5-235C · Inyokern, CA · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Nov 28, 1998 · N5636M · Substantial damage
  > The failure of the pilot to maintain control of the aircraft while landing.
- [NTSB IAD99LA022](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/IAD99LA022.md): Pitts S-2B · Easton, MD · Accident · Serious injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Nov 28, 1998 · N340PS · 2 aircraft · Substantial damage
  > The failure of both the pilot-in-command (CFI) and dual student of the other aircraft (Pitts) to maintain adequate visual lookout.
- [NTSB FTW99LA045](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/FTW99LA045.md): Lockheed L-1329 · Austin, TX · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Nov 27, 1998 · N787WB · Substantial damage
  > The steering actuator fatigue failure resulting from inadequate procedure documentation for the manufacturing process.
- [NTSB FTW99LA037](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/FTW99LA037.md): Bellanca 7GCBC · Stuttgart, AR · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Nov 27, 1998 · N5025C · Substantial damage
  > The separation of the left main landing gear bolt.
- [NTSB CHI99LA043](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI99LA043.md): Piper PA-28-140 · East St. Louis, IL · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Nov 27, 1998 · N10347 · Substantial damage
  > The student pilot's failure to maintain directional control.
- [NTSB CHI99LA040](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI99LA040.md): Cessna 172P · Brainerd, MN · Accident · Minor injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Nov 27, 1998 · N52502 · 2 aircraft · Substantial damage
  > The visual lookout not obtained/maintained by the pilot of the other aircraft. Contributing factors were the unicom frequency not selected and the traffic advisory not issued by the pilot of the other aircraft. An additional factor was the aircraft moving on…
- [NTSB MIA99LA036](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/MIA99LA036.md): Cessna 172C · Tallahassee, FL · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Nov 26, 1998 · N1377Y · Substantial damage
  > an on ground collision with a horse.
- [NTSB CHI99LA041](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI99LA041.md): Piper PA-28-R200 · Eden Prairie, MN · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Nov 26, 1998 · N2988R · Substantial damage
  > the pilot misjudged the flare and did not maintain directional control during touchdown. A factor was the VASI lights.
- [NTSB CHI99LA039](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI99LA039.md): Cessna 172N · Evansville, IN · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Nov 26, 1998 · N739LK · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's improper flare and improper recovery from a bounced landing.
- [NTSB LAX99LA041](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX99LA041.md): Boeing A75N1 · Vacaville, CA · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Nov 25, 1998 · N59734 · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's inadequate compensation for the existing variable wind conditions and his failure to maintain directional control.
- [NTSB CHI99LA035](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI99LA035.md): Cessna 150 · Alliance, NE · Accident · Serious injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Nov 23, 1998 · N22269 · Destroyed
  > Was the late flare and stall by the student pilot and improper remedial actions by the student pilot.
- [NTSB CHI99LA033](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI99LA033.md): Brantly Helicopter B2B · Salem, IL · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Nov 23, 1998 · N2291U · Substantial damage
  > The simulated emergency procedure by the pilot-in-command. Additional causes were the directional control not obtained/maintained by the pilot-in-command and the inadequate supervision by the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) Inspector. A contributing…
- [NTSB FTW99LA035](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/FTW99LA035.md): Cessna 172P · Fayetteville, AR · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Nov 22, 1998 · N54959 · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's inadequate compensation for the wind conditions resulting in a loss of directional control. A factor was the shifting and gusty wind conditions.
- [NTSB DEN99LA021](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/DEN99LA021.md): Champion 7GCAA · Aurora, CO · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Nov 22, 1998 · N9632S · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's failure to maintain directional control. Factors were the gusty crosswind and terrain.
- [NTSB LAX99LA042](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX99LA042.md): Martin Stoddard Hamilton II · Georgetown, CA · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Nov 21, 1998 · N658PM · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's improper flare. Also causal was the flight instructor's inadequate supervision.
- [NTSB MIA99LA035](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/MIA99LA035.md): Cessna 182C · St. Petersburg, FL · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Nov 20, 1998 · N8620T · Substantial damage
  > the pilot misjudged the flare, resulting in a hard land and subsequent damage to the airplane.
- [NTSB LAX99LA037](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX99LA037.md): Piper PA-30B · Camarillo, CA · Accident · Minor injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Nov 20, 1998 · N7933Y · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's failure to maintain aircraft control and the flight instructor's inadequate supervision.
- [NTSB CHI99LA036](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI99LA036.md): Cessna 150M · Tower, MN · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Nov 20, 1998 · N66314 · Substantial damage
  > the student pilot's failure to maintain directional control of the airplane after landing. Factors contributing to this accident were the icy runway and the snowbank.
- [NTSB ATL99FA021](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ATL99FA021.md): Beech BE-55B · Hampton, GA · Accident · No injuries · Field investigation · Final report · Nov 18, 1998 · N21MJ · Destroyed
  > The pilot's failure to use the landing checklist that resulted in the wheels-up landing.
- [NTSB IAD99LA016](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/IAD99LA016.md): Cessna 152 · Caldwell, NJ · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Nov 15, 1998 · N89101 · Substantial damage
  > the student's pilot's inadequate climb and his failure to maintain adequate altitude and clearance. A related factor was the wind gusts.
- [NTSB ATL99LA018](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ATL99LA018.md): Cessna 182Q · Hickory, NC · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Nov 15, 1998 · N759LH · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's failure to properly recover from a bounced landing.
- [NTSB CHI99LA030](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI99LA030.md): Cessna 172C · Falls City, NE · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Nov 14, 1998 · N1806Y · Substantial damage
  > the flight instructor (on the ground)'s conducting inadequate initial training of the student pilot. Factors were the student pilot's misjudging the flare and his lack of total experience in the type of operation.
- [NTSB CHI99LA028](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI99LA028.md): Cessna 172I · Jacksonville, IL · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Nov 13, 1998 · N35302 · Substantial damage
  > the student pilot's failure to maintain directional control of the airplane. Factors associated with the accident were the student's lack of experience and the road which the airplane contacted.
- [NTSB SEA99LA014](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/SEA99LA014.md): McDonnell Douglas MD-11 · Portland, OR · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Nov 11, 1998 · N801DE · Substantial damage
  > The flight crew's entry of an incorrect weight figure in the Flight Management System (FMS) computer, resulting in the approach being flown at an improper (low) Vref speed and an excessively nose-high attitude through the landing flare.

Next page: https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-phases/550/cases.md?year=1998&page=2

## The whole list in SQL

Runs in DuckDB 1.2 or later on the release's Parquet files over HTTPS:

```sql
WITH phase_names(main, name) AS (VALUES (100, 'Prior to flight'), (150, 'Standing'), (200, 'Pushback/towing'), (250, 'Taxi'), (300, 'Takeoff'), (350, 'Initial climb'), (400, 'Enroute'), (450, 'Maneuvering'), (500, 'Approach'), (550, 'Landing'), (600, 'Emergency descent'), (650, 'Uncontrolled descent'), (700, 'Post-impact'), (750, 'After landing'), (800, 'Other'), (990, 'Unknown')),
  crosswalk(code, main, name) AS (VALUES (500, 150, 'Standing'), (501, 150, 'Standing - pre-flight'), (502, 150, 'Standing - starting engine(s)'), (503, 150, 'Standing - engine(s) operating'), (504, 150, 'Standing - engine(s) not operating'), (505, 150, 'Standing - idling rotors'), (510, 250, 'Taxi'), (511, 200, 'Taxi - pushback/tow'), (512, 250, 'Taxi - to takeoff'), (513, 250, 'Taxi - from landing'), (514, 250, 'Taxi - aerial'), (520, 300, 'Takeoff'), (521, 300, 'Takeoff - roll/run'), (522, 350, 'Takeoff - initial climb'), (523, 300, 'Takeoff - aborted'), (530, 400, 'Climb'), (531, 400, 'Climb - to cruise'), (540, 400, 'Cruise'), (541, 400, 'Cruise - normal'), (542, 400, 'Maneuvering - holding (IFR)'), (550, 400, 'Descent'), (551, 400, 'Descent - normal'), (552, 600, 'Descent - emergency'), (553, 650, 'Descent - uncontrolled'), (560, 500, 'Approach'), (561, 500, 'Approach - VFR pattern - downwind'), (562, 500, 'Approach - VFR pattern - base turn'), (563, 500, 'Approach - VFR pattern - base leg/base to final'), (564, 500, 'Approach - VFR pattern - final approach'), (565, 500, 'Go-around (VFR)'), (566, 500, 'Approach - IAF to FAF/outer marker (IFR)'), (567, 500, 'Approach - FAF/outer marker to threshold (IFR)'), (568, 500, 'Circling (IFR)'), (569, 500, 'Missed approach (IFR)'), (570, 550, 'Landing'), (571, 550, 'Landing - flare/touchdown'), (572, 550, 'Landing - roll'), (573, 550, 'Landing - aborted'), (574, 550, 'Emergency landing'), (575, 550, 'Emergency landing after takeoff'), (576, 600, 'Emergency descent/landing'), (580, 450, 'Maneuvering'), (581, 450, 'Maneuvering - aerial application'), (582, 450, 'Maneuvering - turn to reverse direction'), (583, 450, 'Maneuvering - turn to landing area (emergency)'), (590, 450, 'Hover'), (591, 450, 'Hover - in ground effect'), (592, 450, 'Hover - out of ground effect'), (600, 800, 'Other'), (610, 990, 'Unknown')),
  current_codes AS (
    SELECT e.case_mkey, TRY_CAST(e."tier1Number" AS INTEGER) AS code,
      row_number() OVER (PARTITION BY e.case_mkey ORDER BY coalesce(e."isDefiningEvent", false) DESC, e.position) AS n
    FROM 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_events.parquet' e
    WHERE e.aircrafts_position = 1 AND e."tier1Number" GLOB '[1-9][0-9]*'
      AND (e."isDefiningEvent" OR e.case_mkey IN (SELECT "mKey" FROM 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_case_detail.parquet' WHERE "isPre1982"))
  ),
  phases AS (
    SELECT case_mkey, 'current' AS scheme, code, CASE WHEN code >= 990 THEN 990 ELSE code // 50 * 50 END AS main
    FROM current_codes WHERE n = 1
    UNION ALL
    SELECT o.case_mkey, 'older', o."phaseOfFlightCode", w.main
    FROM 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_occurrences.parquet' o JOIN crosswalk w ON w.code = o."phaseOfFlightCode"
    WHERE o.aircrafts_position = 1 AND o."occurrenceNumber" = 1 AND o.case_mkey NOT IN (SELECT case_mkey FROM current_codes)
  ),
  case_phases AS (
    SELECT p.*, c."eventDate", c."highestInjuryLevel" = 'Fatal' AS fatal, a.aircraft_model_code
    FROM phases p JOIN 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_case_detail.parquet' c ON c."mKey" = p.case_mkey
    LEFT JOIN 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_aircrafts.parquet' a ON a.case_mkey = p.case_mkey AND a.position = 1
    WHERE c."eventDate" >= DATE '1962-01-01' AND p.main IN (SELECT main FROM phase_names)
  )
SELECT c."ntsbNumber", c."eventDate", c."eventType", c."eventCity", c."eventStateOrRegion", a.n_number, a."aircraftMake", a."aircraftModel", c."highestInjuryLevel", c."totalFatal", c."completionStatus", c.report_url
FROM 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_case_detail.parquet' c LEFT JOIN 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_aircrafts.parquet' a ON a.case_mkey = c."mKey" AND a.position = 1
WHERE year(c."eventDate") = 1998
  AND c."mKey" IN (SELECT case_mkey FROM case_phases WHERE main = 550)
ORDER BY c."eventDate" DESC, c."ntsbNumber" DESC
```

This list as a web page: https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-phases/550/cases?year=1998

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