# NTSB investigations: Lycoming 0-320 series: Hard landing

NTSB aviation accident and incident investigations since 1962: the probable cause, findings, aircraft, crew, weather and docket of each, linked to the FAA registry and the FAA’s own reports.

Page 1 of 8 · 384 cases

## Latest cases

- [NTSB DEN08CA020](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/DEN08CA020.md): Cessna 172N · Grand Junction, CO · Accident · No injuries · Data collection · Final report · Oct 24, 2007 · N1422E · Substantial damage
  > the pilot's improper flare resulting in a hard landing.
- [NTSB NYC07CA235](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/NYC07CA235.md): Cessna 172 · Meriden, CT · Accident · No injuries · Data collection · Final report · Sep 21, 2007 · N7837G · Substantial damage
  > The student pilot's inadequate recovery from a bounced landing.
- [NTSB MIA07CA143](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/MIA07CA143.md): Cessna 172N · Carrabelle, FL · Accident · Minor injuries · Data collection · Final report · Sep 8, 2007 · N1954F · Substantial damage
  > The improper flare by the pilot-in-command resulting in a hard landing.
- [NTSB CHI07CA294](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI07CA294.md): Cessna 172M · Pontiac, MI · Accident · No injuries · Data collection · Final report · Sep 5, 2007 · N73455 · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's misjudgment of the landing flare and her improper recovery from the bounced landing.
- [NTSB ATL07CA132](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ATL07CA132.md): Cessna C172N · Manassas, VA · Accident · No injuries · Data collection · Final report · Aug 25, 2007 · N733BS · Substantial damage
  > The student pilot's failure to correct for a pilot-induced oscillation/porpoise, during flare/touchdown, which resulted in a hard landing.
- [NTSB NYC07CA195](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/NYC07CA195.md): Cessna 172L · Winston-Salem, NC · Accident · No injuries · Data collection · Final report · Aug 18, 2007 · N7125Q · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's improper recovery from a bounced landing.
- [NTSB ATL07CA118](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ATL07CA118.md): Piper PA28-140 · Front Royal, VA · Accident · No injuries · Data collection · Final report · Aug 15, 2007 · N6455R · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's improper recovery from a bounced landing.
- [NTSB CHI07CA245](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI07CA245.md): Cessna 172N · New Hudson, MI · Accident · No injuries · Data collection · Final report · Jul 29, 2007 · N222UN · Substantial damage
  > The student pilot's improper flare, which resulted in a hard landing. An additional cause was the pilot's inadequate recovery from a bounced landing. Factors in the accident include the pilot's failure to maintain directional control during the landing roll…
- [NTSB SEA07CA211](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/SEA07CA211.md): Artic S-1B2 · McCall, ID · Accident · No injuries · Data collection · Final report · Jul 24, 2007 · N176AZ · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's failure to maintain airspeed during the landing flare resulting in a hard landing and subsequent failure to maintain directional control during the landing roll. The soft terrain condition adjacent to the runway was a factor.
- [NTSB CHI07CA132](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI07CA132.md): Cessna 172P · Kenosha, WI · Accident · No injuries · Data collection · Final report · May 8, 2007 · N97464 · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's improper recovery from a bounced landing, which resulted in a flat nose wheel tire and a buckled firewall. A factor was the porpoising that was encountered during the flare.
- [NTSB LAX07CA138](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX07CA138.md): Tolsma Tony G Avid Magnum · Jackpot, NV · Accident · No injuries · Data collection · Final report · Apr 28, 2007 · N211RT · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's inadequate weather evaluation, inadequate compensation for the wind conditions, and decision to land with a gusty, quartering tailwind. Also causal was the pilot's misjudged landing flare and inadequate recovery from a bounced landing, resulting…
- [NTSB NYC07CA045](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/NYC07CA045.md): Piper PA-28-151 · Danbury, CT · Accident · No injuries · Data collection · Final report · Dec 11, 2006 · N44635 · Substantial damage
  > The student pilot's inadequate recovery from a bounced landing, which resulted in a hard landing.
- [NTSB CHI07CA006](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI07CA006.md): Cessna 172N · Grand Rapids, MN · Accident · No injuries · Data collection · Final report · Oct 9, 2006 · N739XK · Substantial damage
  > The student pilot's misjudged landing flare and improper recovery from the bounced landing which led to the failure of the nose landing gear. The overload failure of the nose landing gear was a factor.
- [NTSB LAX07CA007](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX07CA007.md): Cessna 172P · Glendale, AZ · Accident · No injuries · Data collection · Final report · Oct 6, 2006 · N97811 · Substantial damage
  > the student's inadequate compensation for the gusting crosswind and inadequate flare that resulted in a hard landing. The certified flight instructor's inadequate supervision of the flight is also causal.
- [NTSB CHI07CA003](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI07CA003.md): Piper PA-28-161 · Fargo, ND · Accident · No injuries · Data collection · Final report · Oct 6, 2006 · N275ND · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's inadequate flare which resulted in a hard landing. Factors associated with the accident were the gusty winds and the pilot's lack of experience.
- [NTSB CHI06CA274](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI06CA274.md): Beech B19 · Pontiac, MI · Accident · No injuries · Data collection · Final report · Sep 29, 2006 · N1949W · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's failure to perform a go-around when he noticed the airplane was not on a stabilized final approach. Contributing factors to the accident were the hard landing, the subsequent pilot-induced oscillation (porpoise) which resulted in the collapse of…
- [NTSB NYC06CA213](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/NYC06CA213.md): Robinson R22 Beta · Frederick, MD · Accident · No injuries · Data collection · Final report · Aug 28, 2006 · N2649D · Substantial damage
  > The flight instructor's delayed remedial action during a hovering autorotation, which resulted in a hard landing and inadvertent dynamic rollover.
- [NTSB ATL06CA116](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ATL06CA116.md): Cessna 172M · Augusta, GA · Accident · No injuries · Data collection · Final report · Aug 3, 2006 · N20965 · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's improper flare on landing with excessive altitude resulting in a hard landing.
- [NTSB NYC06CA189](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/NYC06CA189.md): Cessna 172P · Poughkeepsie, NY · Accident · No injuries · Data collection · Final report · Jul 29, 2006 · N97650 · Substantial damage
  > The student pilot's improper flare and failure to recover from a bounced landing, which resulted in a hard landing.
- [NTSB CHI06CA227](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI06CA227.md): Cessna 172M · Cahokia, IL · Accident · No injuries · Data collection · Final report · Jul 12, 2006 · N1725V · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's inadequate flare. A factor was the night light conditions.
- [NTSB CHI06CA185](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI06CA185.md): Cessna 172K · Sullivan, IL · Accident · Minor injuries · Data collection · Final report · Jul 7, 2006 · N7349G · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's misjudged flare and his improper recovery from the bounced landing which led to a loss of directional control and subsequent collision with crops and the ground.
- [NTSB ANC06CA065](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ANC06CA065.md): Piper PA-12 · Wasilla, AK · Accident · No injuries · Data collection · Final report · May 29, 2006 · N2945M · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's inadequate compensation for a tailwind during the landing flare, which resulted in an in-flight collision with snow-covered terrain during an aborted landing. Factors contributing to the accident were a tailwind and rising terrain.
- [NTSB MIA06CA101](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/MIA06CA101.md): Cessna 172N · Miami, FL · Accident · No injuries · Data collection · Final report · May 1, 2006 · N738DW · Substantial damage
  > The improper flare by the pilot resulting in a hard landing and substantial damage to the airplane.
- [NTSB MIA06CA084](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/MIA06CA084.md): Linwood R. Lawrence Van's Aircraft RV-9A · Venice, FL · Accident · No injuries · Data collection · Final report · Apr 8, 2006 · N339DL · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's improper landing flare/touchdown which resulted in a hard landing and damage to the airplane.
- [NTSB MIA06CA088](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/MIA06CA088.md): Cessna 172N · Daytona Beach, FL · Accident · No injuries · Data collection · Final report · Mar 31, 2006 · N172FL · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's improper landing flare/touchdown, which resulted in the airplane porpoising and incurring damage.
- [NTSB SEA06CA082](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/SEA06CA082.md): Cessna 172 · Aurora, OR · Accident · No injuries · Data collection · Final report · Mar 28, 2006 · N20488 · Substantial damage
  > The student pilot's misjudgment of the landing flare resulting in a hard landing. A related factor was the crosswind.
- [NTSB ANC06CA034](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ANC06CA034.md): Piper PA-22 · Grand Canyon, AZ · Accident · No injuries · Data collection · Final report · Mar 26, 2006 · N6123D · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's improper recovery from a bounced landing during touchdown, which resulted in a loss of control and encounter with terrain. Factors associated with the accident are the pilot's misjudged flare, and a gusty wind.
- [NTSB ATL06CA047](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ATL06CA047.md): Cessna 172 P · Wilmington, NC · Accident · No injuries · Data collection · Final report · Dec 27, 2005 · N54360 · Substantial damage
  > The student pilot's improper landing flare which resulted in a hard landing.
- [NTSB LAX06CA019](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX06CA019.md): Harmel RV6A · Oceanside, CA · Accident · No injuries · Data collection · Final report · Oct 15, 2005 · N221MH · Substantial damage
  > the pilot-induced oscillations encountered on landing following the pilot's misjudged landing flare and premature release of elevator backpressure during touchdown.
- [NTSB ANC05CA140](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ANC05CA140.md): Piper PA-18 · Nenana, AK · Accident · No injuries · Data collection · Final report · Sep 13, 2005 · N7761D · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's improper recovery from a bounced landing during the landing roll, which resulted in a loss of control and a nose over.
- [NTSB CHI05CA253](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI05CA253.md): Robinson R22 Beta · Rockton, IL · Accident · No injuries · Data collection · Final report · Sep 4, 2005 · N61LA · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's excessive descent rate on approach for landing and the settling with power condition subsequently encountered. Contributing factors were the pilot's failure to reduce the descent rate prior to entering the settling with power condition and his…
- [NTSB MIA05LA148](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/MIA05LA148.md): Robinson R22 Beta · Lantana, FL · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Aug 11, 2005 · N8320A · Substantial damage
  > The CFI's delayed remedial action to recover from a practice autorotation with planned power recovery resulting in a hard landing.
- [NTSB DFW05CA203](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/DFW05CA203.md): Cessna 172M · El Dorado, AR · Accident · No injuries · Data collection · Final report · Aug 2, 2005 · N80735 · Substantial damage
  > The student pilot's improper landing flare resulting in a hard landing and his improper recovery procedures for a bounced landing.
- [NTSB CHI05CA174](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI05CA174.md): Piper PA-28-151 · Willmar, MN · Accident · No injuries · Data collection · Final report · Jun 26, 2005 · N9027F · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's improper flare which resulted in a hard landing.
- [NTSB CHI05CA152](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI05CA152.md): Cessna 172M · Rochester, MN · Accident · No injuries · Data collection · Final report · Jun 18, 2005 · N73328 · Substantial damage
  > The pilot flared improperly and failed to recover from a bounced landing.
- [NTSB LAX05LA180](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX05LA180.md): Cessna 172M · Tucson, AZ · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · May 18, 2005 · N9017H · Substantial damage
  > The student pilot's improper flare that induced a porpoise, which resulted in the overload failure of the nose wheel assembly.
- [NTSB IAD05LA060](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/IAD05LA060.md): Cessna 172 · Pikeville, KY · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Apr 10, 2005 · N8897V · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's improper flare, which resulted in a hard landing.
- [NTSB DFW05CA100](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/DFW05CA100.md): Cessna 172L · Stephenville, TX · Accident · No injuries · Data collection · Final report · Apr 3, 2005 · N3889Q · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's improper recovery from a bounced landing, which resulted in a hard landing. A contributing factor was the prevailing crosswind.
- [NTSB DEN05LA055](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/DEN05LA055.md): Cessna 172N · Loveland, CO · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Feb 2, 2005 · N618MN · Substantial damage
  > The dual student's improper flare and the flight instructor's inadequate supervision.. A contributing factor was the inadequate communication between the flight instructor and the dual student,
- [NTSB MIA05CA051](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/MIA05CA051.md): Robinson R22 · Gulf Port, MS · Accident · No injuries · Data collection · Final report · Jan 18, 2005 · N26498 · Substantial damage
  > The student pilot's inadequate flare and his failure to maintain rotor rpm which resulted in a hard landing. Also causal was the instructor's inadequate supervision of the flight.
- [NTSB NYC05CA011](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/NYC05CA011.md): Piper PA-28-140 · Lehighton, PA · Accident · No injuries · Data collection · Final report · Oct 23, 2004 · N586FL · Substantial damage
  > The pilot inadequate flare, and failure to recover from a bounced landing.
- [NTSB ATL05CA006](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ATL05CA006.md): Cessna 177 · Auburn, AL · Accident · No injuries · Data collection · Final report · Oct 17, 2004 · N29459 · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's improper landing flare resulting in a hard landing. A factor was the pilot's diverted attention.
- [NTSB ANC05LA001](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ANC05LA001.md): Piper PA-18-150 · Anchorage, AK · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Oct 8, 2004 · N5760D · Substantial damage
  > The inadequate and unapproved design of the main landing gear assembly by the manufacturer, which resulted in a failure of the main landing gear during landing, and structural damage to the airplane. A factor in the accident was the pilot's misjudged flare.
- [NTSB DEN05LA005](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/DEN05LA005.md): Cessna 172N · Casper, WY · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Oct 7, 2004 · N73764 · Substantial damage
  > the student pilot's improper flare resulting in a hard landing. A factor contributing to the accident was the student pilot's improper recovery from the bounced landing.
- [NTSB CHI04LA248](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI04LA248.md): Cessna 172 · Gary, IN · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Sep 4, 2004 · N2355E · Substantial damage
  > The failure of the nose wheel for undetermined reasons. A factor associated with the accident was the student pilot's failure to properly flare the airplane.
- [NTSB NYC04CA198](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/NYC04CA198.md): Pettigrew, Richard RV-6A · Williamstown, NJ · Accident · No injuries · Data collection · Final report · Aug 28, 2004 · N524JN · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's improper flare, which resulted in a hard landing.
- [NTSB NYC04CA189](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/NYC04CA189.md): Cessna 172P · Wilkes-Barre, PA · Accident · No injuries · Data collection · Final report · Aug 8, 2004 · N4599D · Substantial damage
  > The student pilot's improper flare and improper recover from a bounced landing. Factors in this accident were the crosswind condition and the partial failure of the airplane's transceiver, as reported by the pilot.
- [NTSB CHI04CA211](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI04CA211.md): Stamsta Wittman Tailwind W10 · Waunakee, WI · Accident · No injuries · Data collection · Final report · Aug 1, 2004 · N917WT · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's failure to maintain proper airspeed during final approach, which resulted in the inadvertent stall/mush at a low altitude and subsequent hard landing. A factor to the accident was the pilot's unsuccessful remedial action to the encountered…
- [NTSB ATL04CA162](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ATL04CA162.md): Cessna 172 · Chamblee, GA · Accident · No injuries · Data collection · Final report · Jul 11, 2004 · N6555D · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's improper landing flare that resulted in a hard landing. A factor was a tailwind condition.
- [NTSB LAX04CA255](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX04CA255.md): Cessna 172N · Chemehuevi, CA · Accident · Minor injuries · Data collection · Final report · Jul 7, 2004 · N734PW · Substantial damage
  > the pilot's improper recovery from a bounced landing, inadequate compensation for the wind conditions, and his failure to maintain directional control of the airplane.

Next page: https://openairdocs.org/ntsb.md?engine=41508&occurrence=200&page=2

## The whole list in SQL

Runs in DuckDB 1.2 or later on the release's Parquet files over HTTPS:

```sql
SELECT c."ntsbNumber", c."eventDate", c."eventType", c."eventCity", c."eventStateOrRegion", a.n_number, a."aircraftMake", a."aircraftModel", c."highestInjuryLevel", c."totalFatal", c."completionStatus", c.report_url
FROM 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_case_detail.parquet' c LEFT JOIN 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_aircrafts.parquet' a ON a.case_mkey = c."mKey" AND a.position = 1
WHERE c."mKey" IN (SELECT x.case_mkey FROM 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_aircrafts.parquet' x WHERE x.engine_model_code IN ('41508')
    AND EXISTS (SELECT 1 FROM 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_occurrences.parquet' o WHERE o.case_mkey = x.case_mkey AND o.aircrafts_position = x.position AND o."occurrenceNumber" = 1 AND o."occurrenceCode" = 200))
ORDER BY c."eventDate" DESC, c."ntsbNumber" DESC
```

This list as a web page: https://openairdocs.org/ntsb?engine=41508&occurrence=200

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