# NTSB investigations: Hard landing

NTSB aviation accident and incident investigations since 1962: the probable cause, findings, aircraft, crew, weather and docket of each, linked to the FAA registry and the FAA’s own reports.

Page 22 of 62 · 3,083 cases

## Cases, newest first

- [NTSB CHI98LA310](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI98LA310.md): Piper PA-25-235 · Leland, IL · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jul 17, 1998 · N75HM · Substantial damage
  > Control interference between the pilot-in-command and the student. An excessive descent rate and inadequate flare by the student during landing are contributing factors. The inadequate supervision by the pilot-in-command is an additional factor.
- [NTSB CHI98LA261](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI98LA261.md): Cessna 182A · Springbrook, WI · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jul 17, 1998 · N2139G · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's improper attitude and excessive sink rate during landing. The terrain condition was a contributing factor in the accident.
- [NTSB FTW98LA314](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/FTW98LA314.md): Cessna 172N · Broomfield, CO · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jul 16, 1998 · N172AT · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's improper landing flare which resulted in a hard landing.
- [NTSB FTW98LA297](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/FTW98LA297.md): Peebles/Lancair 360 LC-20 · Price, UT · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jul 12, 1998 · N360P · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's excessive descent rate on final approach and his delayed use of power to arrest the excessive descent rate.
- [NTSB CHI98LA268](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI98LA268.md): Schweizer SGS 2-33A · Indianapolis, IN · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jul 12, 1998 · N17901 · Substantial damage
  > the delayed in-flight decision of the pilot in command to take control of the aircraft and the proper airspeed not obtained/maintained by the pilot in command which resulted in a stall. A factor to the accident was the runway light.
- [NTSB ATL98LA096](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ATL98LA096.md): Piper PA-28R-201 · Vero Beach, FL · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jul 10, 1998 · N1493H · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's improper flare which resulted in a hard landing.
- [NTSB SEA98LA129](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/SEA98LA129.md): Cessna 150 · Oregon City, OR · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jul 7, 1998 · N6417T · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's improper flare.
- [NTSB ATL98LA089](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ATL98LA089.md): Piper PA-28-161 · Homestead, FL · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jul 1, 1998 · N4331M · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's improper flare that resulted in a hard landing and porpoise, and his improper recovery from the bounced landing.
- [NTSB FTW98LA282](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/FTW98LA282.md): Beech B19 · Frisco, TX · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jun 21, 1998 · N5110R · Substantial damage
  > The student pilot's improper landing flare which resulted in a hard larding. Factors were the inadequate supervision of the flight by the flight instructor and the high winds.
- [NTSB LAX98LA205](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX98LA205.md): Offord KR-2 · San Diego, CA · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jun 18, 1998 · N687RL · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's failure to attain/maintain adequate airspeed during an attempted go-around.
- [NTSB FTW98LA284](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/FTW98LA284.md): Schempp-Hirth Ventus CM · Taos, NM · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jun 15, 1998 · N94DP · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's improper flare. Contributing to the accident was the sudden wind shift which rendered the aircraft uncontrollable when the aircraft was on final approach to land.
- [NTSB CHI98LA194](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI98LA194.md): Leone Smith Mini Plane · Northport, MI · Accident · Serious injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jun 9, 1998 · N5281U · Substantial damage
  > the pilot's not maintaining airspeed, and his lack of total experience in this type of aircraft.
- [NTSB MIA98LA170](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/MIA98LA170.md): Bell 47G · Bunnell, FL · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · May 28, 1998 · N182JR · Substantial damage
  > The pilot-in-command(CFI) failure to maintain control of the aircraft.
- [NTSB ANC98LA053](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ANC98LA053.md): Bellanca 8GCBC · Minchumina, AK · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · May 25, 1998 · N1199E · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's failure to maintain directional control while landing. A factor associated with this accident was the pilot's inadequate recovery from a bounced landing.
- [NTSB ATL98LA079](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ATL98LA079.md): Burkhart Grob G-103 · Cordele, GA · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · May 24, 1998 · N5448G · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's improper descent rate that led to a hard landing and porpoise, and his improper recovery from the ensuing bounced landing, resulting in the eventual separation of the empennage. A factor was the updraft.
- [NTSB LAX98LA176](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX98LA176.md): Piper PA-44-180 · Fresno, CA · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · May 21, 1998 · N2153B · Substantial damage
  > The dual's student improper flare that led to the right main landing gear collapsing. A related factor in the accident was the instructor pilot's inadequate supervision.
- [NTSB FTW98LA235](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/FTW98LA235.md): Bell 206BIII · Hurst, TX · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · May 21, 1998 · N206TA · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's delayed recovery from a simulated autorotative landing.
- [NTSB FTW98LA279](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/FTW98LA279.md): Schweizer 269C · San Angelo, TX · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · May 20, 1998 · N41TH · Substantial damage
  > The improper touchdown executed by the flight instructor, which resulted in the tail rotor impacting the ground.
- [NTSB ANC98LA051](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ANC98LA051.md): Cessna 182A · Palmer, AK · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · May 17, 1998 · N4827D · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's failure to abort the landing. A factor associated with the accident is the presence of a variable wind condition.
- [NTSB LAX98LA160](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX98LA160.md): Robinson R22B · San Jose, CA · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · May 16, 1998 · N2332G · Substantial damage
  > The student pilot's failure to maintain adequate rotor rpm, and the flight instructor's inadequate supervision of the flight.
- [NTSB IAD98LA069](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/IAD98LA069.md): Cessna 182L · Marlborough, MA · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · May 16, 1998 · N42770 · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's improper flare. A related factor was the crosswind.
- [NTSB CHI98LA163](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI98LA163.md): Butler Tool RAF 2000 · Rensselaer, IN · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · May 16, 1998 · N4062H · Substantial damage
  > the pilot excessively flared the gyroplane during the landing.
- [NTSB CHI98LA166](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI98LA166.md): Enstrom F28 · West Chicago, IL · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · May 14, 1998 · N86238 · Substantial damage
  > the student pilot attempting a tailwind landing and improper compensation for the wind resulting in too high of a sink rate and the hard landing.
- [NTSB IAD98LA058](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/IAD98LA058.md): Piper PA-22-135 · Winchester, VA · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · May 13, 1998 · N1142C · Substantial damage
  > Improper flare. A related factor was the pilot's diverted attention.
- [NTSB ATL98LA075](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ATL98LA075.md): Cessna 310Q · Lafayette, GA · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · May 8, 1998 · N310DR · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's improper flare during landing. Factors were the pilot's lack of familiarity with the airplane and the crosswind condition.
- [NTSB FTW98LA207](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/FTW98LA207.md): Schrack Starduster TOO · Hilltop Lakes, TX · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · May 1, 1998 · N5462 · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's failure to obtain/maintain the proper descent rate which resulted in a hard landing.
- [NTSB FTW98LA226](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/FTW98LA226.md): Cessna 210A · Weatherford, TX · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Apr 29, 1998 · N9466X · Substantial damage
  > The restricted movement of the elevator control system by a bolt.
- [NTSB MIA98LA145](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/MIA98LA145.md): Piper PA-23-250 · Fruitland Park, FL · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Apr 26, 1998 · N154CH · Substantial damage
  > the pilot's failure to attain the proper rate of descent at touchdown.
- [NTSB FTW98LA240](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/FTW98LA240.md): Cessna 172P · La Porte, TX · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Apr 25, 1998 · N52188 · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's premature landing flare and improper recovery procedures from a bounced landing. A factor was the gusty winds.
- [NTSB CHI98LA133](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI98LA133.md): Maule MXT-7-108A · Orland, IN · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Apr 20, 1998 · N327PF · Substantial damage
  > the pilot's misjudged landing flare and improper recovery from a bounced landing.
- [NTSB MIA98LA132](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/MIA98LA132.md): Cessna 150M · Gainesboro, TN · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Apr 14, 1998 · N704HL · Substantial damage
  > The student pilot's improper flare during landing.
- [NTSB IAD98LA045](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/IAD98LA045.md): Cessna 172N · Stevensville, MD · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Apr 12, 1998 · N734MN · Substantial damage
  > the pilot's improper flare, improper recover from a bounced landing, and failure to maintain directional control.
- [NTSB ANC98LA037](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ANC98LA037.md): Enstrom F-28F · Haines, AK · Accident · Minor injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Apr 12, 1998 · N199LB · Substantial damage
  > The pilot flaring too low during an improper practice autorotation.
- [NTSB SEA98LA063](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/SEA98LA063.md): Hughes 269A · Emmett, ID · Accident · 1 fatal · Limited investigation · Final report · Apr 10, 1998 · N5161E · Destroyed
  > The instructor pilot's failure to maintain the proper rate of descent on landing. Factors were a sudden wind shift, the instructor pilot's lack of recent experience, and terrain drop-off.
- [NTSB SEA98LA061](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/SEA98LA061.md): Cessna 180 · Redmond, OR · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Apr 9, 1998 · N2933C · Substantial damage
  > The passenger-pilot's excessive rate of descent during touchdown. Factors include the pilot-in-command's inadequate recovery from a hard/bounced landing, the passenger-pilot's failure to execute a go-around after taking control of the aircraft, and gusty…
- [NTSB MIA98LA127](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/MIA98LA127.md): Schweizer 269-C · Ormond Beach, FL · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Apr 8, 1998 · N7509E · Substantial damage
  > The CFI's inadequate supervision and poor communication which led the rated student pilot to roll the throttle off, and the CFI's subsequent failure to apply forward cyclic to increase airspeed which resulted in the subsequent hard landing and roll over.
- [NTSB LAX98LA201](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX98LA201.md): Cessna 172N · Santa Barbara, CA · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Apr 8, 1998 · N6417J · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's misjudging the landing flare and subsequent hard landing.
- [NTSB CHI98LA115](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI98LA115.md): Piper PA-28-161 · Lafayette, IN · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Apr 4, 1998 · N537PU · Substantial damage
  > the student pilot's failure to adequately compensate for the gusty wind conditions during landing. A factor was the gusty wind conditions.
- [NTSB FTW98LA166](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/FTW98LA166.md): Cessna 172F · Fort Collins, CO · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Mar 31, 1998 · N7894U · Substantial damage
  > the pilot's improper in flight planning/decision in electing to land with a known 30 knot tailwind. Factors were high winds and a tailwind.
- [NTSB NYC98LA086](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/NYC98LA086.md): Globe Swift · Milton, DE · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Mar 30, 1998 · N10JN · Substantial damage
  > improper flare by the pilot, which resulted in a hard landing.
- [NTSB NYC98LA085](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/NYC98LA085.md): Balloon Works Firefly 8B-15 · Elk Garden, VA · Accident · Serious injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Mar 27, 1998 · N31226 · Substantial damage
  > the pilot's improper weather evaluation. The gusty wind condition was a related factor.
- [NTSB SEA98LA049](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/SEA98LA049.md): Cessna 177A · Laurel, MT · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Mar 23, 1998 · N177MT · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's excessive descent rate on final, and improper recovery from a bounced landing.
- [NTSB LAX98LA117](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX98LA117.md): Piper PA34-200 · Van Nuys, CA · Accident · Minor injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Mar 16, 1998 · N4442T · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's misjudged landing flare which led to an uncontrolled porpoise and eventual collapse of the landing gear.
- [NTSB FTW98LA147](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/FTW98LA147.md): Cessna 150L · Conway, AR · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Mar 13, 1998 · N21915 · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's improper landing flare which resulted in a hard landing and her improper recovery procedures for a bounced landing.
- [NTSB MIA98LA095](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/MIA98LA095.md): Cessna 172P · Destin, FL · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Mar 6, 1998 · N53456 · Substantial damage
  > the pilot's improper flare and improper recovery from a bounced landing, which resulted in a hard landing.
- [NTSB IAD98LA033](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/IAD98LA033.md): Cessna 152 · Warrenton, VA · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Feb 28, 1998 · N25275 · Substantial damage
  > The student pilot's improper flare which resulted in a hard landing.
- [NTSB ATL98LA048](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ATL98LA048.md): Cessna 210 · Hazel Green, AL · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Feb 21, 1998 · N7398E · Substantial damage
  > the pilot's improper flare, which resulted in a hard landing and the nose gear collapsing.
- [NTSB ATL98LA044](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ATL98LA044.md): Charles Holmes Kitfox XL · Homestead, FL · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Feb 14, 1998 · N9272V · Substantial damage
  > The student pilot's improper touchdown flare during landing.
- [NTSB LAX98LA093](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX98LA093.md): Boeing MD600N · Mesa, AZ · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Feb 3, 1998 · N9204D · Substantial damage
  > the attempt by flight test engineers to verify a height/velocity data point that was subsequently shown to be outside the aircraft's performance capabilities.
- [NTSB FTW98LA106](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/FTW98LA106.md): Piper PA-32RT-300 · Taos, NM · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jan 24, 1998 · N376AA · Substantial damage
  > the pilot's improper flare and improper recovery from a bounced landing.

Next page: https://openairdocs.org/ntsb.md?occurrence=200&page=23

## The whole list in SQL

Runs in DuckDB 1.2 or later on the release's Parquet files over HTTPS:

```sql
SELECT c."ntsbNumber", c."eventDate", c."eventType", c."eventCity", c."eventStateOrRegion", a.n_number, a."aircraftMake", a."aircraftModel", c."highestInjuryLevel", c."totalFatal", c."completionStatus", c.report_url
FROM 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_case_detail.parquet' c LEFT JOIN 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_aircrafts.parquet' a ON a.case_mkey = c."mKey" AND a.position = 1
WHERE c."mKey" IN (SELECT o.case_mkey FROM 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_occurrences.parquet' o WHERE o."occurrenceNumber" = 1 AND o."occurrenceCode" = 200)
ORDER BY c."eventDate" DESC, c."ntsbNumber" DESC
```

This list as a web page: https://openairdocs.org/ntsb?occurrence=200&page=22

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