# NTSB investigations: Hard landing

NTSB aviation accident and incident investigations since 1962: the probable cause, findings, aircraft, crew, weather and docket of each, linked to the FAA registry and the FAA’s own reports.

Page 23 of 62 · 3,083 cases

## Cases, newest first

- [NTSB CHI98LA084](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI98LA084.md): Cessna 208B · Grand Island, NE · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jan 20, 1998 · N738FX · Substantial damage
  > ice build-up on the airplane's wings and empennage which led to an inadvertent stall and hard landing. Factors contributing to this accident were the pilot's inadvertent flight into icing conditions, and the icing conditions.
- [NTSB FTW98LA102](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/FTW98LA102.md): Martin Varieze · Artesia, NM · Accident · Serious injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jan 19, 1998 · N27CP · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's inadequate compensation for the crosswind. Factors were the prevailing crosswind and the pilot's lack of total experience in type of aircraft.
- [NTSB LAX98LA080](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX98LA080.md): Cessna 150F · San Carlos, CA · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jan 17, 1998 · N7911F · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's excessive airspeed, which resulted in a bounced landing, and, his failure to ensure that his seat locking pin was engaged, which caused his seat to move backwards during the touchdown and resulted in his loss of directional control.
- [NTSB LAX98LA076](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX98LA076.md): McDonnell Douglas 600N · Mesa, AZ · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jan 17, 1998 · N176SP · Substantial damage
  > The second pilot misjudging his flare and the delayed remedial actions by the pilot-in-command.
- [NTSB CHI98LA078](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI98LA078.md): Cessna 150J · Gaylord, MI · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jan 12, 1998 · N51258 · Substantial damage
  > the pilot's misjudging the flare leading to a hard landing, and the kit manufacturer's (Supplemental Type Certificate holder's) inadequate design leading to a corrosion stress fracture of the landing gear attachment. A factor was the landing gear attachment…
- [NTSB MIA98LA050](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/MIA98LA050.md): Cessna 152 · Everglades City, FL · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jan 2, 1998 · N757VT · Substantial damage
  > the pilot's inadequate compensation for wind conditions and failure to properly flare the airplane, which resulted in a hard landing and overload failure of the nose gear. The unfavorable wind conditions were related factors.
- [NTSB SEA98LA025](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/SEA98LA025.md): Cessna 177 · Thompson Falls, MT · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Dec 18, 1997 · N2988X · Substantial damage
  > The student pilot's improper remedial action when confronted with a porpoised landing. A factor was his failure to execute a go-around maneuver.
- [NTSB FTW98LA070](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/FTW98LA070.md): Cessna 172F · Gonzales, LA · Accident · Serious injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Dec 18, 1997 · N8426U · Substantial damage
  > The inadvertent stall resulting from the flight instructor's failure to maintain airspeed during his delayed recovery from the bounced landing. Factors were the student's failure to maintain the proper airspeed and the instructor's inadequate supervision…
- [NTSB ANC98LA013](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ANC98LA013.md): Cessna 206 · Mnt. Village, AK · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Dec 16, 1997 · N9575G · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's improper flare and recovery from a bounced landing.
- [NTSB CHI98LA069](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI98LA069.md): Cessna 150L · Litchfield, MN · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Dec 14, 1997 · N18031 · Destroyed
  > the pilot's improper flare and improper recovery from a bounced landing, and his failure to maintain proper runway alignment during the attempted go-around. Factors relating to the accident were: the crosswind condition, and the proximity of trees.
- [NTSB LAX98LA060](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX98LA060.md): Cessna 180H · Santa Ynez, CA · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Dec 13, 1997 · N123LJ · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's improper flare. Related factors were the crosswind conditions.
- [NTSB ANC98TA011](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ANC98TA011.md): Bell 206B · Anchorage, AK · Accident · No injuries · Final report · Dec 5, 1997 · N83146 · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's failure to maintain adequate rotor RPM during an autorotation landing.
- [NTSB LAX98LA055](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX98LA055.md): Cessna 172N · San Jose, CA · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Nov 28, 1997 · N739HE · Substantial damage
  > the student pilot's failure to maintain an appropriate airspeed and proper rate of descent, and his misjudged landing flare, which led to an uncontrolled porpoise and eventual collapse of the landing gear.
- [NTSB IAD98LA013](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/IAD98LA013.md): Cessna 150L · Center Village, OH · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Nov 27, 1997 · N11350 · Substantial damage
  > The student pilot's improper recovery from a bounced landing.
- [NTSB ATL98LA016](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ATL98LA016.md): Mooney M20J · Summerland Key, FL · Accident · Minor injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Nov 26, 1997 · N201LY · Substantial damage
  > the pilot's inadequate compensation for the wind conditions and failure to flare the airplane for landing. The gusty crosswind was a related factor.
- [NTSB SEA98LA016](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/SEA98LA016.md): Short Brothers SD3-60 · Billings, MT · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Nov 25, 1997 · N691A · Substantial damage
  > The co-pilot's failure to maintain the proper descent rate on final approach, the pilot-in-command's delayed remedial action, and overload of the left main landing gear assembly. Factors contributing were snow, crosswind conditions and deteriorating…
- [NTSB LAX98LA042](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX98LA042.md): Robinson R22 Beta · Long Beach, CA · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Nov 22, 1997 · N45SG · Substantial damage
  > the flight instructor's failure to thoroughly brief his student on the performance standards of the proposed autorotation and the method to be used for a positive transfer of controls. The student's failure to verify the performance standards of the…
- [NTSB NYC98LA028](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/NYC98LA028.md): Beech 65-A90 · Wheeling, WV · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Nov 14, 1997 · N80GP · Substantial damage
  > the failure of the pilot to maintain the minimum required airspeed while operating in icing conditions which resulted in ice accumulations and an inadvertent stall while on approach. Factors were the icing conditions and the pilot's lack of experience in the…
- [NTSB MIA98LA032](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/MIA98LA032.md): Piper PA-28-151 · Clarksville, FL · Accident · Serious injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Nov 3, 1997 · N4502X · Substantial damage
  > the pilot's improper flare and touchdown.
- [NTSB NYC98LA026](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/NYC98LA026.md): Cessna 172M · Salisbury, MD · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Oct 30, 1997 · N1487V · Substantial damage
  > The student pilot's improper flare which resulted in a hard landing.
- [NTSB IAD98LA008](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/IAD98LA008.md): Cessna 152 · Lincoln Park, NJ · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Oct 26, 1997 · N4950A · Substantial damage
  > the pilot's improper flare during touchdown, which resulted in a hard landing and subsequent encounter with terrain.
- [NTSB LAX98LA023](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX98LA023.md): Cessna 182Q · Hamburg, CA · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Oct 24, 1997 · N759TA · Substantial damage
  > the pilot's improper flare, which resulted in a hard landing and overload failure of the nose gear. High terrain (obstruction) near the approach end of the runway was a related factor.
- [NTSB FTW98LA023](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/FTW98LA023.md): Cessna 152 · Norman, OK · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Oct 18, 1997 · N93116 · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's improper flare and improper recovery from a bounced landing, which resulted in a porpoise and subsequent collapse of the nose gear.
- [NTSB LAX98LA012](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX98LA012.md): Mikoyan MiG MIG 15UTI · Reno, NV · Accident · Serious injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Oct 16, 1997 · N17KM · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's misjudged landing flare and improper bounced landing recovery technique.
- [NTSB LAX98LA005](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX98LA005.md): Balloon Works Firefly 11 · Rancho Bernardo, CA · Accident · Serious injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Oct 11, 1997 · N2585Z · Minor damage
  > The pilot's intentional flight in high wind conditions and his improper in-flight planning.
- [NTSB IAD98LA007](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/IAD98LA007.md): Cessna 172M · Oceana, VA · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Oct 11, 1997 · N64507 · Substantial damage
  > Improper flare by the pilot, which resulted in a hard landing. A related factor was the diverted attention.
- [NTSB CHI98LA009](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI98LA009.md): Brown AIR Shark III · Green Bay, WI · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Oct 6, 1997 · N42AE · Substantial damage
  > the pilot's improper flare, which resulted in a hard landing, subsequent failure of the left main landing gear, and his inability to maintain directional control. Factors related to the accident were: the runway light, and soft terrain.
- [NTSB FTW98LA014](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/FTW98LA014.md): Burkhart Grob 103 · Caddo Mills, TX · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Oct 3, 1997 · N921G · Substantial damage
  > the pilot's improper flare and improper recovery from a bounced landing. A factor relating to the accident was: the gusty wind condition.
- [NTSB NYC97LA188](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/NYC97LA188.md): Jackman Pitts S-1S · Hammondsport, NY · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Sep 27, 1997 · N4241Z · Substantial damage
  > the pilot's improper flare.
- [NTSB FTW97LA361](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/FTW97LA361.md): Bell 206-L4 · Hurst, TX · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Sep 23, 1997 · N9264G · Substantial damage
  > The improper touchdown by the commercial pilot receiving instruction. A factor was the flight instructor's inadequate supervision.
- [NTSB FTW97LA357](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/FTW97LA357.md): Mooney M20M · Broomfield, CO · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Sep 20, 1997 · N9140Z · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's flaring of the airplane prematurely at a low airspeed that resulted in a hard landing, and an inadvertent stall during the attempted go-around and subsequent loss of control.
- [NTSB LAX97LA332](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX97LA332.md): Cessna 172M · Long Beach, CA · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Sep 14, 1997 · N61913 · Substantial damage
  > the student pilot's misjudged landing flare which led to a balloon and subsequent hard landing.
- [NTSB CHI97LA296](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI97LA296.md): Cessna 150M · Salem, IL · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Sep 13, 1997 · N66547 · Substantial damage
  > the student pilot's improper flare and improper recovery from a bounced landing.
- [NTSB CHI97LA289](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI97LA289.md): Piper PA-28-140 · Grant, MI · Accident · Minor injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Sep 7, 1997 · N6391R · Substantial damage
  > the pilot's fixation on the end of the runway, his failure to place the airplane in an attitude to land (flare) which resulted in a hard landing, and the pilot's failure to recover from the subsequent bounced landing.
- [NTSB CHI97LA291](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI97LA291.md): Cessna 177B · Oxford, IA · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Sep 6, 1997 · N34829 · Substantial damage
  > the instructor pilot's improper recovery from a bounced landing and his failure to maintain control of the airplane. Factors were the improper flare by the dual student and the instructor pilot's lack of familiarity with the airplane.
- [NTSB ANC97LA138](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ANC97LA138.md): Cessna U206E · Mcgrath, AK · Accident · Serious injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Sep 2, 1997 · N9129M · Substantial damage
  > the pilot's improper flare and improper recovery from a bounced landing, which resulted in overload failure of the nose gear and a nose over. Factors associated with the accident were: the pilot's failure to follow procedures and directives by neglecting to…
- [NTSB LAX97LA309](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX97LA309.md): Cessna 152 · Imperial, CA · Accident · Minor injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Aug 31, 1997 · N65273 · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's failure to maintain directional control during landing and to arrest porpoising after an improper recovery from a bounced landing. Factors in the accident were the misjudging of distance and speed during a downwind landing.
- [NTSB FTW97LA329](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/FTW97LA329.md): Fairchild Heli-Porter PC6/B2-H2 · Gillette, WY · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Aug 26, 1997 · N354F · Substantial damage
  > Failure by the pilot in command to follow procedures and retrim the stabilizer for landing.
- [NTSB MIA97LA238](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/MIA97LA238.md): Piper PA-34-200 · Kissimmee, FL · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Aug 21, 1997 · N55322 · Substantial damage
  > a hard landing resulting in a wing contacting the runway. A factor in this accident was the nose landing gear would not extend due to the steering ball being off its track.
- [NTSB LAX97LA297](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX97LA297.md): Cessna 172RG · Lancaster, CA · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Aug 21, 1997 · N9710B · Substantial damage
  > Improper flare.
- [NTSB LAX97LA295](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX97LA295.md): Cessna 172N · Prescott, AZ · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Aug 19, 1997 · N3266E · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's inadequate recovery from a bounced landing.
- [NTSB FTW97LA319](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/FTW97LA319.md): Bell 47G-3B-2 · Montrose, CO · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Aug 19, 1997 · N2243W · Substantial damage
  > failure of the flight instructor (CFI) to properly supervise the flight and ensure that adequate rotor rpm was maintainted during the autorotation/landing. The high density altitude was a related factor.
- [NTSB FTW97LA318](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/FTW97LA318.md): Cessna 175 · Rock Springs, WY · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Aug 18, 1997 · N7518M · Substantial damage
  > The delayed landing flare by both student pilot and flight instructor, and the flight instructor's inadequate supervision of the student. Factors were the no flap steep approach at low airspeed.
- [NTSB SEA97FA188](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/SEA97FA188.md): Beech 1900C · Seattle, WA · Accident · Serious injuries · Field investigation · Final report · Aug 14, 1997 · N3172A · Destroyed
  > A stall/mush condition resulting from an aft center of gravity which was inaccurately provided to the pilot-in-command by contractual cargo-loading personnel. Additional causes were overloading of the aircraft's landing gear and fuel leakage resulting in a…
- [NTSB LAX97LA285](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX97LA285.md): Bell 47G2 · Mojave, CA · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Aug 12, 1997 · N9021R · Substantial damage
  > The student's improper use of the throttle and collective controls and the flight instructor's inadequate supervision of the flight.
- [NTSB ANC97LA119](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ANC97LA119.md): Taylorcraft TC-19 · Anchorage, AK · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Aug 11, 1997 · N3560T · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's excessive descent rate during a touch-and-go landing, which resulted in damage to the landing gear and inability to control the airplane during a subsequent landing. A factor was his lack of total experience in tailwheel-equipped airplanes.
- [NTSB CHI97LA305](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI97LA305.md): Balloon Works Firefly 7B-15 · Columbia, MO · Accident · Serious injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Aug 10, 1997 · N90755 · No damage
  > the pilot's improper planning/decision. The unfavorable wind was a related factor.
- [NTSB CHI97LA250](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI97LA250.md): Cessna 172M · Keokuk, IA · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Aug 6, 1997 · N13353 · Substantial damage
  > the pilot's improper flare and improper recovery from a bounced landing, which resulted in a porpoise, failure (collapse) of the nose gear, and a subsequent nose over.
- [NTSB ATL97LA112](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ATL97LA112.md): Cessna 310K · Bainbridge, GA · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Aug 6, 1997 · N124SP · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's failure to properly perform the soft landing procedure, leading to a hard landing.
- [NTSB MIA97LA228](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/MIA97LA228.md): Cessna A188B · Cadaretta, MS · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Aug 5, 1997 · N731VR · Substantial damage
  > a hard landing resulting in the airplane departing the runway and impacting with a tree.

Next page: https://openairdocs.org/ntsb.md?occurrence=200&page=24

## The whole list in SQL

Runs in DuckDB 1.2 or later on the release's Parquet files over HTTPS:

```sql
SELECT c."ntsbNumber", c."eventDate", c."eventType", c."eventCity", c."eventStateOrRegion", a.n_number, a."aircraftMake", a."aircraftModel", c."highestInjuryLevel", c."totalFatal", c."completionStatus", c.report_url
FROM 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_case_detail.parquet' c LEFT JOIN 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_aircrafts.parquet' a ON a.case_mkey = c."mKey" AND a.position = 1
WHERE c."mKey" IN (SELECT o.case_mkey FROM 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_occurrences.parquet' o WHERE o."occurrenceNumber" = 1 AND o."occurrenceCode" = 200)
ORDER BY c."eventDate" DESC, c."ntsbNumber" DESC
```

This list as a web page: https://openairdocs.org/ntsb?occurrence=200&page=23

---
OpenAirDocs.org is an independent research project of [Contrail Labs](https://contraillabs.com/). It is not affiliated with the FAA or the NTSB. Source documents are U.S. government works in the public domain.