# NTSB investigations: Hard landing

NTSB aviation accident and incident investigations since 1962: the probable cause, findings, aircraft, crew, weather and docket of each, linked to the FAA registry and the FAA’s own reports.

Page 24 of 62 · 3,083 cases

## Cases, newest first

- [NTSB IAD97LA105](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/IAD97LA105.md): Cessna 152 · Plymouth, MA · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Aug 2, 1997 · N89242 · Substantial damage
  > Inadequate compensation for wind conditions by the pilot. A related factor was the crosswind.
- [NTSB CHI97LA246](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI97LA246.md): Young RV-4 · Sparta, WI · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Aug 1, 1997 · N654Y · Substantial damage
  > the pilot's inadequate compensation for wind conditions, and his improper recovery from a bounced landing, which resulted in an improper flare and hard landing. The gusty wind was a related factor.
- [NTSB DCA97MA055](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/DCA97MA055.md): McDonnell Douglas MD-11 · Newark, NJ · Accident · Minor injuries · Class 1 · Major · Final report · Jul 31, 1997 · N611FE · Destroyed
  > The captain's overcontrol of the airplane during the landing and his failure to execute a go-around from a destabilized flare. Contributing to the accident was the captain's concern with touching down early to ensure adequate stopping distance.
- [NTSB CHI97LA232](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI97LA232.md): Piper PA-28R-200 · Auburn, IN · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jul 27, 1997 · N5027T · Substantial damage
  > an improper flare by either this pilot or the pilot of a previous flight, which resulted in a hard landing and overload damage to the right main landing gear. The pilot's continued operation with a known deficiency may have been a related factor.
- [NTSB LAX97LA258](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX97LA258.md): Centrair ASW20F · Minden, NV · Accident · Serious injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jul 25, 1997 · N120MJ · Substantial damage
  > the pilot's improper planning/decision and subsequent encounter with gusty winds and strong downdrafts, which precluded reaching the airport and induced an unrecoverable high sink rate during an off-airport landing.
- [NTSB LAX97LA255](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX97LA255.md): Cessna T210L · Corona, CA · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jul 24, 1997 · N732DD · Destroyed
  > the pilot's improper landing flare. Contributing to the accident was the failure of the pilot to correct a landing induced porpoise, and go-around.
- [NTSB FTW97LA271](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/FTW97LA271.md): Cessna 152 · Sherman, TX · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jul 16, 1997 · N4870B · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's delayed landing flare and his improper bounced landing recovery technique.
- [NTSB LAX97LA249](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX97LA249.md): Cessna 182G · Fresno, CA · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jul 14, 1997 · N2164R · Substantial damage
  > the pilot's improper flare, which resulted in a hard landing and damage to the airplane.
- [NTSB NYC97LA145](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/NYC97LA145.md): Slingsby T65A · Bethel, PA · Accident · Minor injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jul 12, 1997 · N111XX · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's improper flare. A factor in the accident was the pilot's fatigue.
- [NTSB FTW97LA266](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/FTW97LA266.md): Ercoupe Ercoupe 415-C · Huntsville, TX · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jul 7, 1997 · N99739 · Substantial damage
  > Inadvertent stall due to the student pilot's failure to maintain airspeed and a proper descent rate. A factor was the inadequate supervision by the flight instructor.
- [NTSB NYC97LA137](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/NYC97LA137.md): Aerostar-Raven S-60-A · Clyde, OH · Accident · Serious injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jul 6, 1997 · N3590H · No damage
  > An abrupt touchdown to avoid power lines which resulted in a hard landing. Contributing to the accident was the pilot's failure to properly brief the passengers for the landing.
- [NTSB IAD97LA100](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/IAD97LA100.md): Cessna 182H · Pedrictown, NJ · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jul 6, 1997 · N1858X · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's improper flare.
- [NTSB CHI97LA206](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI97LA206.md): Piper PA-34-200 · Mackinac Island, MI · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jul 5, 1997 · N56676 · Substantial damage
  > the pilot's improper flare and improper recovery from a bounced landing, which resulted in a hard landing. Turbulence on short final was a related factor.
- [NTSB MIA97LA197](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/MIA97LA197.md): Cessna 152 · Fort Lauderdale, FL · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jun 27, 1997 · N6597Q · Substantial damage
  > the pilot's improper flare and improper recovery from a bounced landing, which resulted in a hard landing and collapse of the nose landing gear.
- [NTSB FTW97LA234](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/FTW97LA234.md): Cessna 182Q · Sugar Land, TX · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jun 25, 1997 · N96TJ · Substantial damage
  > the pilot's improper landing flare and improper recovery from a bounced landing.
- [NTSB CHI97LA183](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI97LA183.md): Piper PA-28R-201T · Lansing, IL · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jun 24, 1997 · N99BF · Substantial damage
  > the pilot's inadequate compensation for wind conditions, and his failure to maintain sufficient airspeed to flare during the landing. The crosswind was a related factor.
- [NTSB ANC97LA105](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ANC97LA105.md): de Havilland DHC-2 MK-I · Juneau, AK · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jun 22, 1997 · N470DB · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's misjudged touchdown which resulted in dragging the right wingtip and rupturing the fuel tank. A factor associated with the accident is the rough water conditions.
- [NTSB CHI97LA182](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI97LA182.md): Champion 7ECA · Willard, MO · Accident · Minor injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jun 21, 1997 · N7506F · Substantial damage
  > remedial action delayed by the flight instructor. A factor in this accident was the instructor's lack of recent experience in this type airplane.
- [NTSB ANC97LA086](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ANC97LA086.md): Cessna 185F · Sitka, AK · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jun 19, 1997 · N60859 · Substantial damage
  > failure of the pilot(s) to properly flare the airplane during a simulated forced landing. The excessive rate of descent on final approach was a related factor.
- [NTSB MIA97LA183](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/MIA97LA183.md): Beech B19 · New Smyrna Bch, FL · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jun 15, 1997 · N59BW · Substantial damage
  > the private pilot's improper flare, which resulted in a hard landing and subsequent collapse of the left main landing gear and the nose gear.
- [NTSB FTW97LA226](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/FTW97LA226.md): Robinson R22 Beta · San Antonio, TX · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jun 14, 1997 · N4041W · Substantial damage
  > The flight instructor's inadequate supervision during the practice autorotation and his failure to maintain rotor RPM.
- [NTSB NYC97LA113](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/NYC97LA113.md): Cessna 182N · Frederick, MD · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jun 11, 1997 · N8970G · Substantial damage
  > The private pilot's improper flare, and the certificated flight instructor's delayed decision to add power, which resulted in the subsequent hard landing.
- [NTSB ANC97LA083](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ANC97LA083.md): Piper PA-18 · Anchorage, AK · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jun 4, 1997 · N91855 · Substantial damage
  > the flight instructor's delay in taking remedial action to correct an approach for a simulated emergency landing. A factor relating to the accident was: the student pilot's excessive descent rate during the approach.
- [NTSB FTW97LA214](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/FTW97LA214.md): Piper PA-34-200T · Santa Teresa, NM · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · May 30, 1997 · N36275 · Substantial damage
  > the pilot-in-command's (PIC's) inadequate supervision of the flight by allowing the pilot-rated passenger to attempt a go-around (aborted landing) without maitaining minimum control speed (VMC), which resulted in loss of aircraft control. Factors relating to…
- [NTSB SEA97LA121](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/SEA97LA121.md): Piper PA-28R-201 · Pocatello, ID · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · May 26, 1997 · N30563 · Substantial damage
  > inadequate remedial action of the pilot-in-command (CFI). Related factors include: the dual student's failure to maintain the proper airspeed and descent rate.
- [NTSB CHI97LA147](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI97LA147.md): Cessna 152 · Crystal, MN · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · May 24, 1997 · N5499B · Substantial damage
  > the student pilot's misjudged flare and improper recovery from a bounced landing. A factor was the lack of recent flight time.
- [NTSB NYC97FA098](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/NYC97FA098.md): Boeing 767-300 · Newark, NJ · Accident · No injuries · Field investigation · Final report · May 22, 1997 · IDEIL · Substantial damage
  > The improper landing flare by the co-pilot and the inadequate supervision of the flight by the pilot-in-command. Other related factors were the gusty crosswind, windshear, and the lack of familiarity with the airplane by both pilots.
- [NTSB CHI97LA165](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI97LA165.md): Cessna 182RG · Kansas City, MO · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · May 21, 1997 · N736YZ · Substantial damage
  > the pilot's improper flare, which resulted in a hard landing. A factor relating to the accident was the excessive airspeed.
- [NTSB MIA97LA170](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/MIA97LA170.md): Cessna 150F · Venice, FL · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · May 19, 1997 · N102HA · Substantial damage
  > failure of the pilot to maintain sufficient airspeed on final approach and during the landing to properly flare the airplane.
- [NTSB CHI97LA129](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI97LA129.md): Beech B33-35 · Mishawaka, IN · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · May 11, 1997 · N12GS · Substantial damage
  > Improper flare. A factor associated with the accident was the gusty, crosswind condition.
- [NTSB FTW97LA188](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/FTW97LA188.md): Aeromot AMT-200 · Longmont, CO · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · May 9, 1997 · N757DM · Substantial damage
  > the dual student pilot's improper landing flare and the flight instructor's inadequate supervision of the flight.
- [NTSB FTW97LA195](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/FTW97LA195.md): Cessna 182K · Little Rock, AR · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · May 7, 1997 · N2740Q · Substantial damage
  > the pilot's improper flare and improper recovery from a bounced landing.
- [NTSB NYC97LA082](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/NYC97LA082.md): Beech F33A · Mattituck, NY · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Apr 30, 1997 · N6733Y · Substantial damage
  > the pilot's inadequate compensation for the wind conditions and improper flare, which resulted in a hard landing.
- [NTSB ANC97LA063](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ANC97LA063.md): Cessna 170B · Anchorage, AK · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Apr 29, 1997 · N3417C · Substantial damage
  > the flight instructor's inadequate preflight by failing to ensure his seat was properly latched, and his resultant failure (or inability) to recover from the student pilot's bounced landing. A factor associated with the accident was: the student pilot's…
- [NTSB CHI97LA118](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI97LA118.md): Hughes 269A · Council Bluffs, IA · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Apr 27, 1997 · N1040S · Substantial damage
  > failure of the student pilot to maintain directional control, inadequate supervision by the flight instructor (CFI), and subsequent failure of the pilot(s) to properly flare the helicopter during a hover autorotation.
- [NTSB FTW97LA164](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/FTW97LA164.md): Cessna 150F · Norman, OK · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Apr 21, 1997 · N3101X · Substantial damage
  > Improper flare.
- [NTSB IAD97LA068](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/IAD97LA068.md): Piper PA-38-112 · Wellsville, NY · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Apr 20, 1997 · N2477K · Substantial damage
  > the student pilot's improper flare, improper recovery from a bounced landing, and loss of directional control, during the landing.
- [NTSB CHI97LA111](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI97LA111.md): Cessna 177 · Rantoul, IL · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Apr 19, 1997 · N3489T · Substantial damage
  > the student pilot's improper flare and improper recovery from a bounced landing.
- [NTSB NYC97LA078](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/NYC97LA078.md): Piper PA-32-300 · Belmar, NJ · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Apr 16, 1997 · N321HP · Substantial damage
  > The student pilot's improper decision to taxi off the runway into sand after the nose gear collapsed. A factor in the accident was the student pilot's improper flare.
- [NTSB NYC97LA077](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/NYC97LA077.md): Cessna 172N · Lincoln Park, NJ · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Apr 16, 1997 · N1405E · Substantial damage
  > the student pilot's improper recovery from a bounced landing which resulted in a hard landing, collapsed nose gear, loss of directional control, and subsequent nose over.
- [NTSB FTW97TA162](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/FTW97TA162.md): Hughes OH-6A · Marfa, TX · Accident · No injuries · Final report · Apr 15, 1997 · N6638P · Substantial damage
  > the pilot's improper touchdown, and the designated examiner's inadequate supervision. The light condition at dusk was a related factor.
- [NTSB LAX97LA159](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX97LA159.md): Head Balloons AX8-88 · San Diego, CA · Accident · Serious injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Apr 14, 1997 · N380P · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's decision to increase sink rate to avoid flying into an obstacle with insufficient altitude remaining to reduce the sink rate prior to impact with the ground.
- [NTSB MIA97LA131](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/MIA97LA131.md): Piper PA-34-200 · Stuart, FL · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Apr 9, 1997 · N2HS · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's failure to maintain directional control during a crosswind landing. Factors were the crosswind and his improper level off.
- [NTSB MIA97LA116](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/MIA97LA116.md): Rosen ONE Design · Lakeland, FL · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Apr 7, 1997 · N213JR · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's improper recovery from a bounced landing.
- [NTSB LAX97LA144](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX97LA144.md): Aero Commander 100 · Knights Landing, CA · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Apr 7, 1997 · N87770 · Substantial damage
  > the pilot's failure to maintain minimum control airspeed during the approach. Contributing to the accident was the pilot's failure to maintain directional control after landing.
- [NTSB MIA97LA128](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/MIA97LA128.md): Cessna 172M · Tampa, FL · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Apr 5, 1997 · N1385U · Substantial damage
  > the pilot's improper compensation for wind conditions and failure to properly flare the airplane for landing. Factors relating to the accident were: the gusty/quartering wind conditions, and the pilot's improper use of flaps for landing.
- [NTSB MIA97LA114](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/MIA97LA114.md): Cessna 150G · St. Petersburg, FL · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Apr 3, 1997 · N2402J · Substantial damage
  > the student pilot's improper level off.
- [NTSB ANC97LA070](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ANC97LA070.md): Piper J-3 · Soldotna, AK · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Mar 30, 1997 · N920NB · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's inadequate compensation for the gusty wind conditions, and his improper recovery from a bounced landing. A factor associated with the accident was the gusty wind.
- [NTSB MIA97LA108](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/MIA97LA108.md): Cessna 172M · Pompano Beach, FL · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Mar 27, 1997 · N5123H · Substantial damage
  > the pilot's improper flare and improper recovery from a bounced landing, which resulted in overload failure of the nose gear.
- [NTSB MIA97LA102](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/MIA97LA102.md): Beech A23-19 · Bessemer, AL · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Mar 27, 1997 · N300JL · Substantial damage
  > the student pilot's misjudged landing flare and the CFI's inadequate supervision by not taking timely remedial action.

Next page: https://openairdocs.org/ntsb.md?occurrence=200&page=25

## The whole list in SQL

Runs in DuckDB 1.2 or later on the release's Parquet files over HTTPS:

```sql
SELECT c."ntsbNumber", c."eventDate", c."eventType", c."eventCity", c."eventStateOrRegion", a.n_number, a."aircraftMake", a."aircraftModel", c."highestInjuryLevel", c."totalFatal", c."completionStatus", c.report_url
FROM 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_case_detail.parquet' c LEFT JOIN 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_aircrafts.parquet' a ON a.case_mkey = c."mKey" AND a.position = 1
WHERE c."mKey" IN (SELECT o.case_mkey FROM 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_occurrences.parquet' o WHERE o."occurrenceNumber" = 1 AND o."occurrenceCode" = 200)
ORDER BY c."eventDate" DESC, c."ntsbNumber" DESC
```

This list as a web page: https://openairdocs.org/ntsb?occurrence=200&page=24

---
OpenAirDocs.org is an independent research project of [Contrail Labs](https://contraillabs.com/). It is not affiliated with the FAA or the NTSB. Source documents are U.S. government works in the public domain.