# NTSB investigations: Hard landing

NTSB aviation accident and incident investigations since 1962: the probable cause, findings, aircraft, crew, weather and docket of each, linked to the FAA registry and the FAA’s own reports.

Page 30 of 62 · 3,083 cases

## Cases, newest first

- [NTSB NYC94LA169](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/NYC94LA169.md): Donald E. Kovol Quickie 2 · Akron, OH · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Sep 4, 1994 · N4327V · Substantial damage
  > The failure of the pilot to maintain airspeed which resulted in an inadequate flare and a hard landing. A factor was the pilot's lack of experience in the airplane.
- [NTSB CHI94LA312](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI94LA312.md): Cessna 172 · Milwaukee, WI · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Sep 4, 1994 · N9955V · Substantial damage
  > the pilot's improper flare during touchdown. A factor in the accident was the rupture of the nose landing gear tire.
- [NTSB MIA94LA205](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/MIA94LA205.md): Cessna 172N · Orlando, FL · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Sep 3, 1994 · N734QA · Substantial damage
  > The pilot-in-command's improper landing flare/touchdown, resulting in a hard landing, and subsequent separation of the nose gear.
- [NTSB FTW94LA291](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/FTW94LA291.md): Bell 206-L4 · Hurst, TX · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Sep 2, 1994 · N2064J · Substantial damage
  > The certificated flight instructor's inadequate supervision. A factor was the pilot's failure to maintain proper landing alignment.
- [NTSB CHI94LA309](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI94LA309.md): Balloon Works Fire FLY 7-15 · Storm Lake, IA · Accident · Serious injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Sep 2, 1994 · N2597S · Substantial damage
  > the pilot's excessive rate of descent to landing. Factors in the accident were the gusts and downdraft.
- [NTSB ATL94LA167](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ATL94LA167.md): Cessna 152 · W. Columbia, SC · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Aug 27, 1994 · N94194 · Substantial damage
  > The student pilot's failure to properly flare the aircraft, resulting in a hard landing.
- [NTSB MIA94LA201](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/MIA94LA201.md): Mankovich Parakeet · Fernandina Bch, FL · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Aug 26, 1994 · N163MS · Substantial damage
  > The improper flare by the pilot-in-command resulting in the hard landing, and the pilot's failure to perform a recovery from the bounced landing. Contributing to the accident was the pilot's lack of total time in this type airplane.
- [NTSB LAX94LA337](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX94LA337.md): Balloon Works Firefly 8-24 · Sedona, AZ · Accident · Serious injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Aug 23, 1994 · N90299 · No damage
  > a tip over of the balloon and basket during a high wind landing due to the pilot's inability to compensate for the increased wind speed conditions during the final stages of the flight and landing.
- [NTSB CHI94MA290](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI94MA290.md): McDonnell Douglas MD-11F · Chicago, IL · Accident · No injuries · Major investigation · Final report · Aug 19, 1994 · IDUPO · Substantial damage
  > The first officer's improper flare and improper use of flight controls during the landing flare/touchdown.
- [NTSB ANC94LA139](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ANC94LA139.md): Cessna 182B · Ketchikan, AK · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Aug 19, 1994 · N2791G · Substantial damage
  > The failure of the pilot to maintain directional control of the airplane during a hard landing. The pilot's improper recovery from a bounced landing and a downdraft were factors in the accident.
- [NTSB CHI94LA287](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI94LA287.md): Hughes 369HS · Custer, SD · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Aug 18, 1994 · N74AW · Substantial damage
  > the pilot's selection of unsuitable terrain on which to perform an autorotation. A factor in this accident was the hidden obstruction.
- [NTSB LAX94LA321](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX94LA321.md): Cessna 172P · Scottsdale, AZ · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Aug 14, 1994 · N98909 · Substantial damage
  > the pilot's misjudging the flare altitude and failing to maintain adequate airspeed resulting in an inadvertent stall and hard landing. The pilot's lack of total time in the airplane is a factor in this accident.
- [NTSB LAX94LA311](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX94LA311.md): Aerospatiale SA316B · Stateline, NV · Accident · Minor injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Aug 10, 1994 · N981CF · Substantial damage
  > the failure of the pilot to maintain the proper rate of descent during the vertical descent into the landing zone, which resulted in a hard landing. Factors in the accident were high density altitude and dark night light conditions.
- [NTSB CHI94LA267](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI94LA267.md): De Havilland Tiger Moth DH-82A · Interlochen, MI · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Aug 2, 1994 · N38KH · Substantial damage
  > the failure of the pilot to obtain the proper climb rate, and inadequate compensation for wind conditions.
- [NTSB CHI94LA261](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI94LA261.md): Cessna 172 · Aberdeen, SD · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Aug 2, 1994 · N35790 · Substantial damage
  > the pilot's failure to maintain directional control during landing. A related factor is the dark night conditions.
- [NTSB LAX94LA305](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX94LA305.md): Cessna 172N · Cameron Park, CA · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jul 30, 1994 · N739RF · Substantial damage
  > the pilot's improper use of the elevator control during the landing flare.
- [NTSB MIA94LA186](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/MIA94LA186.md): Cessna 152 · Palatka, FL · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jul 29, 1994 · N757GD · Substantial damage
  > The student pilot's improper landing flare and failure to properly recover from a bounced landing.
- [NTSB CHI94LA250](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI94LA250.md): Cessna 421C · Oshkosh, WI · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jul 29, 1994 · N819RA · Substantial damage
  > the pilot-in-command's misjudging the flare and his failure to maintain airspeed.
- [NTSB NYC94LA136](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/NYC94LA136.md): Piper PA-34-200T · Lumberton, NJ · Accident · Serious injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jul 25, 1994 · N40996 · Destroyed
  > The pilot's (1) improper recovery from a bounced landing and (2) failure to maintain directional control during an aborted landing. A factor is the pilot's improper landing flare.
- [NTSB SEA94LA191](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/SEA94LA191.md): Avian Magnum 9 · Pasco, WA · Accident · Serious injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jul 22, 1994 · N50257 · No damage
  > A physical impairment that reduced the passenger's ability to hold on to the basket during the hard landing. Factors include an excessive rate of descent at touchdown.
- [NTSB ATL94LA151](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ATL94LA151.md): Piper PA-23-160 · Columbus, GA · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jul 20, 1994 · N4482P · Substantial damage
  > The dual student's failure to properly flare the aircraft during the landing. Factors were the dusk light conditions, and the flight instructor's inadequate supervision of the dual student.
- [NTSB SEA94LA184](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/SEA94LA184.md): Black RV-4 · Twisp, WA · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jul 17, 1994 · N144US · Substantial damage
  > Proper descent rate was not maintained during approach.
- [NTSB CHI94LA231](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI94LA231.md): Cessna 150 · Alton, IL · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jul 17, 1994 · N3639V · Substantial damage
  > the student pilot's improper recovery from a bounced landing. A factor associated with the accident is the student pilot's misjudged landing flare.
- [NTSB LAX94LA291](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX94LA291.md): Cessna 152 · Livermore, CA · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jul 12, 1994 · N5351L · Substantial damage
  > the student's misjudged landing flare and improper bounced landing recovery.
- [NTSB SEA94LA166](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/SEA94LA166.md): Hughes 369HS · West Jordan, UT · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jul 3, 1994 · N9029F · Substantial damage
  > The pilot not maintaining a proper descent rate and his delayed remedial action.
- [NTSB ANC94LA073](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ANC94LA073.md): Maule M-5 · Anchorage, AK · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jul 1, 1994 · N373X · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's improper landing technique which resulted in a hard landing, tire failure, and eventual loss of directional control.
- [NTSB CHI94LA213](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI94LA213.md): Beech 19 · Ionia, MI · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jun 30, 1994 · N6966Q · Substantial damage
  > the pilot's improper use of the throttle control. A factor related to the accident was the improper flare.
- [NTSB BFO94LA122](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/BFO94LA122.md): Beech C23 · Easton, MD · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jun 29, 1994 · N9313S · Substantial damage
  > The flight instructor's inadequate supervision, resulting in a hard landing and a subsequent collapse of the nose gear. Also causal to the accident, was the student pilot's improper raising of the wing flaps during the landing flare.
- [NTSB CHI94LA284](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI94LA284.md): Head Balloons AX7-77 · West Chicago, IL · Accident · Serious injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jun 25, 1994 · N21WR · No damage
  > the pilot's failure to maintain proper descent rate.
- [NTSB ATL94LA146](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ATL94LA146.md): Swearingen SA-26AT · Greenville, SC · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jun 21, 1994 · N802DJ · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's failure to properly flare the aircraft during landing, resulting in a hard landing.
- [NTSB BFO94LA115](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/BFO94LA115.md): Taylorcraft F19 · Orrington, ME · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jun 18, 1994 · N2000U · Substantial damage
  > The pilot misjudged his altitude and airspeed which resulted in a hard landing. Related factors were the soft, and upslope field.
- [NTSB MIA94LA158](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/MIA94LA158.md): Cessna 152 · Gainesville, FL · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jun 11, 1994 · N46140 · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's improper flare and improper recovery from a bounced landing..
- [NTSB CHI94LA194](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI94LA194.md): Luscombe 8A · Peoria, IL · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jun 9, 1994 · N72009 · Substantial damage
  > the pilot's misjudged landing flare. A factor associated with the accident is the pilot allowing the airplane to descend at an excessive rate.
- [NTSB MIA94LA156](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/MIA94LA156.md): Cessna 152 · Ft. Lauderdale, FL · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jun 8, 1994 · N6159Q · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's improper flare and failure to maintain directional control during the aborted landing.
- [NTSB FTW94LA196](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/FTW94LA196.md): Burkhart Grob G 103 Twin II · Wellington, CO · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jun 5, 1994 · N5462N · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's improper spoiler extension and flare.
- [NTSB FTW94LA193](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/FTW94LA193.md): Bell 47H-1 · Tulsa, OK · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jun 4, 1994 · N2831B · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's failure to maintain rotor RPM, his delayed landing flare, and the improper touchdown.
- [NTSB ATL94GA111](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ATL94GA111.md): Grumman G-164A · Savannah, GA · Accident · No injuries · Final report · Jun 2, 1994 · N9868 · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's improper landing flare which resulted in a hard landing. A factor was the operators failure to provide a formal emergency dump procedure.
- [NTSB MIA94LA151](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/MIA94LA151.md): Cessna 150H · Sugarloaf Key, FL · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · May 31, 1994 · N50021 · Substantial damage
  > The improper flare and improper recovery from a bounced landing by the pilot-in-command.
- [NTSB CHI94LA186](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI94LA186.md): Hawker Siddeley DH-125-3A · Waukegan, IL · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · May 30, 1994 · N900CD · Substantial damage
  > was the pilot-in-command disregarding the location of the flight manifest container in the cockpit. Factor's associated with the accident were a jammed control column and inadequate procedures for the use and storage of the flight manifest container on the…
- [NTSB CHI94LA184](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI94LA184.md): Cessna 150M · Concordia, KS · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · May 30, 1994 · N66262 · Substantial damage
  > the pilot-in-command's misjudging of the altitude of the airplane and his diversion of attention during the landing. A factor was the improper use of the throttle by the pilot-in-command.
- [NTSB SEA94LA144](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/SEA94LA144.md): Cessna 182P · Salt Lake City, UT · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · May 29, 1994 · N8488M · Substantial damage
  > An improper flare by the pilot, who was landing the aircraft, at the time it was damaged.
- [NTSB NYC94LA100](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/NYC94LA100.md): Piper PA-22-150 · Toronto, OH · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · May 28, 1994 · N6153D · Substantial damage
  > the pilot's improper flare, which resulted in the nose gear collapsing and the subsequent nose over of the airplane.
- [NTSB MIA94LA157](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/MIA94LA157.md): Robinson R-22 · Bunnell, FL · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · May 26, 1994 · N16MT · Substantial damage
  > The pilot-in-command's improper use of flight controls (cyclic/collective) resulting in a hard landing.
- [NTSB FTW94LA207](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/FTW94LA207.md): Cessna 182L · Mineola, TX · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · May 22, 1994 · N42EM · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's delayed landing flare and his improper bounced landing technique.
- [NTSB FTW94LA172](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/FTW94LA172.md): Cameron V-77 · Durango, CO · Accident · Serious injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · May 21, 1994 · N1992B · No damage
  > The pilot did not attain a proper level off during landing. A downdraft which was encountered was a factor.
- [NTSB CHI94LA165](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI94LA165.md): Burkhart Grob BG 103 · Ionia, MI · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · May 20, 1994 · N140BG · Substantial damage
  > a hard landing as a result of the early disconnect of the glider launch/tow equipment.
- [NTSB CHI94LA164](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI94LA164.md): Beech B23 · Faribault, MN · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · May 19, 1994 · N4016T · Substantial damage
  > a hard landing as a result of the flight instructor's delayed remedial action. A factor associated with the accident is the student pilot's improper flair.
- [NTSB NYC94LA084](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/NYC94LA084.md): Cessna 421A · Richlands, VA · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · May 3, 1994 · N2211W · Substantial damage
  > The hard landing, as a result of the pilot's misjudged rate of descent. A factor related to the accident was the pilot's limited experience in this make and model airplane.
- [NTSB NYC94LA077](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/NYC94LA077.md): Cessna 152 · Ellington, CT · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · May 3, 1994 · N5369H · Substantial damage
  > The student pilot's improper recovery from a bounced landing which resulted in a loss of directional control. A factor was the student pilot's imroper landing flare, which resulted in a hard landing.
- [NTSB BFO94LA080](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/BFO94LA080.md): Cessna 150L · Farmingdale, NJ · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Apr 30, 1994 · N1561Q · Substantial damage
  > The student pilot's improper flare and the flight instructor's inadequate supervision.

Next page: https://openairdocs.org/ntsb.md?occurrence=200&page=31

## The whole list in SQL

Runs in DuckDB 1.2 or later on the release's Parquet files over HTTPS:

```sql
SELECT c."ntsbNumber", c."eventDate", c."eventType", c."eventCity", c."eventStateOrRegion", a.n_number, a."aircraftMake", a."aircraftModel", c."highestInjuryLevel", c."totalFatal", c."completionStatus", c.report_url
FROM 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_case_detail.parquet' c LEFT JOIN 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_aircrafts.parquet' a ON a.case_mkey = c."mKey" AND a.position = 1
WHERE c."mKey" IN (SELECT o.case_mkey FROM 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_occurrences.parquet' o WHERE o."occurrenceNumber" = 1 AND o."occurrenceCode" = 200)
ORDER BY c."eventDate" DESC, c."ntsbNumber" DESC
```

This list as a web page: https://openairdocs.org/ntsb?occurrence=200&page=30

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