# NTSB investigations: Hard landing

NTSB aviation accident and incident investigations since 1962: the probable cause, findings, aircraft, crew, weather and docket of each, linked to the FAA registry and the FAA’s own reports.

Page 31 of 62 · 3,083 cases

## Cases, newest first

- [NTSB SEA94LA115](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/SEA94LA115.md): Cessna 172P · Hillsboro, OR · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Apr 29, 1994 · N53161 · Substantial damage
  > Poor in-flight planning. Factors to the accident were: inadequate remedial action and uncontrolled porpoise.
- [NTSB CHI94LA142](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI94LA142.md): Bell 47G · Springfield, MO · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Apr 27, 1994 · N46DH · Substantial damage
  > the pilot-in-command misjudging the autorotation and improper use of collective.
- [NTSB BFO94FA073](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/BFO94FA073.md): Beech B24R · College Park, MD · Accident · 4 fatal · Field investigation · Final report · Apr 23, 1994 · N9353S · Destroyed
  > the pilot's improper flare and delayed recovery from the bounced landing. Factors contributing to the accident were the pilot's failure to retract the landing gear during the aborted landing; the exceeded allowable gross weight; and the unfavorable wind…
- [NTSB LAX94LA215](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX94LA215.md): Cessna 172N · Sedona, AZ · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Apr 22, 1994 · N2946E · Substantial damage
  > The cfi's improper level off during landing. The tailwind was a factor.
- [NTSB CHI94LA138](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI94LA138.md): Schweizer 269C · Fargo, ND · Accident · Minor injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Apr 21, 1994 · N3623Y · Substantial damage
  > the pilot in command's improper autorotation technique. A factor associated with the accident is the FAA Inspector's delayed remedial action.
- [NTSB FTW94LA127](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/FTW94LA127.md): Cessna 152 · College Station, TX · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Apr 16, 1994 · N6315M · Substantial damage
  > The improper landing, abrupt lowering of the nose gear. A factor was the landing airspeed exceeded.
- [NTSB CHI94LA132](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI94LA132.md): Aerostar RX-7 · Augusta, KS · Accident · Serious injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Apr 16, 1994 · N6408F · No damage
  > The improper touchdown performed by the balloon pilot.
- [NTSB ATL94LA091](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ATL94LA091.md): Cessna 172M · Barnwell, SC · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Apr 14, 1994 · N61990 · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's failure to flare properly which resulted in a hard landing.
- [NTSB BFO94LA061](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/BFO94LA061.md): Cessna 172N · Clarksburg, WV · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Apr 7, 1994 · N739HC · Substantial damage
  > the pilot's selection of a downwind runway, and his inadequate compensation for the wind conditions. A factor was the gusting tailwind.
- [NTSB MIA94LA112](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/MIA94LA112.md): Cessna 152 · Pompano Beach, FL · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Apr 6, 1994 · N24737 · Substantial damage
  > The student pilot's improper recovery from a bounced landing, resulting in a porpoise of the aircraft and nose gear collapse.
- [NTSB BFO94LA065](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/BFO94LA065.md): Piper PA-28R-200 · Willimantic, CT · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Apr 4, 1994 · N30DW · Substantial damage
  > The instructor's inadequate supervision and the student's improper landing flare.
- [NTSB MIA94LA107](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/MIA94LA107.md): Cessna 310Q · West Palm Beach, FL · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Mar 26, 1994 · N69978 · Substantial damage
  > The pilot-in-command's inadvertent landing with the brakes on, resulting in a bounced landing and his failure to maintain airspeed after a bounced landing which resulted in the aircraft stalling and landing hard.
- [NTSB CHI94LA123](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI94LA123.md): Cessna 152 · Dubuque, IA · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Mar 25, 1994 · N89761 · Substantial damage
  > the student pilot's improper recovery from a bounced landing. The student pilot's lack of total flight experience was a factor.
- [NTSB LAX94LA172](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX94LA172.md): Robinson R-22B · Simi Valley, CA · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Mar 23, 1994 · N4081P · Substantial damage
  > The student pilot's improper hovering autorotation by allowing the helicopter to drift laterally and rearward, resulting in the helicopter rolling over during touchdown, and the flight instructor's inadequate supervision of the flight.
- [NTSB CHI94LA115](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI94LA115.md): Cessna 152 · Wheeling, IL · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Mar 17, 1994 · N2MS · Substantial damage
  > the student pilot's improper recovery from a bounced landing.
- [NTSB SEA94LA083](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/SEA94LA083.md): Cessna 172 · Seattle, WA · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Mar 11, 1994 · N52807 · Substantial damage
  > The student's improper flare for landing and the instructor's delayed remedial action.
- [NTSB CHI94DEP03](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI94DEP03.md): Lancair 360 · Waukesha, WI · Accident · No injuries · Final report · Mar 11, 1994 · N3603R · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's improper flare during landing. Factors related to the accident were a loss of directional control and rough terrain.
- [NTSB MIA94LA088](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/MIA94LA088.md): Cessna 150M · Vero Beach, FL · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Mar 8, 1994 · N714MJ · Substantial damage
  > The failure of the student pilot to properly recover from a bounced landing.
- [NTSB SEA94LA075](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/SEA94LA075.md): Cessna 175A · Stanley, ID · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Mar 6, 1994 · N6995E · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's failure to maintain the proper descent rate. Factors include downdrafts on final approach.
- [NTSB CHI94LA133](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI94LA133.md): Bell 47-62 · Aurora, MO · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Mar 5, 1994 · N6711D · Substantial damage
  > The dual students inadequate flare and the pilot in command's (flight instructor) delayed remedial action.
- [NTSB LAX94LA154](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX94LA154.md): Cessna 172N · Prescott, AZ · Accident · Serious injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Mar 4, 1994 · N487ER · Substantial damage
  > The student pilot's delayed flare and failure to maintain directional control of the aircraft, and the flight instructor's inadequate supervision of the flight.
- [NTSB LAX94LA150](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX94LA150.md): Robinson R22B · Long Beach, CA · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Mar 4, 1994 · N2327C · Substantial damage
  > the student pilot's improper use of the collective and tail rotor controls, and the flight instructor's inadequate supervision of the flight.
- [NTSB LAX94LA146](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX94LA146.md): Hughes 269C · Merced, CA · Accident · Minor injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Mar 2, 1994 · N9593F · Substantial damage
  > the pilot's misjudgement of the descent rate and his delayed throttle application.
- [NTSB SEA94LA068](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/SEA94LA068.md): Cessna 172 · Gillette, WY · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Feb 27, 1994 · N21840 · Substantial damage
  > Was the pilot's inadequate remedial action. Factors include an inadvertent porpoise, and a lack of total experience.
- [NTSB LAX94LA126](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX94LA126.md): Bell 206L-1 · Barstow, CA · Accident · Serious injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Feb 15, 1994 · N1077N · Destroyed
  > the pilot's misjudgment of the landing flare altitude during a night autorotation while preoccupied with maintaining proper main rotor rpm. A factor in the accident was the pilot's visual perception which was affected by the outside ambient lighting…
- [NTSB LAX94LA108](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX94LA108.md): Piper PA-28-235 · Lovelock, NV · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jan 29, 1994 · N8760W · Substantial damage
  > That the pilot's failure to maintain adequate airspeed while on final approach which resulted in an inadvertent stall during the flare.
- [NTSB LAX94LA088](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX94LA088.md): Grumman AA1B-TR2 · Riverside, CA · Accident · Minor injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Dec 31, 1993 · N1413R · Destroyed
  > The pilot's improper recovery from a bounced landing. A factor related to the accident was: the pilot's improper flare for landing.
- [NTSB MIA94LA041](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/MIA94LA041.md): Piper PA-32-300 · Atlanta, GA · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Dec 25, 1993 · N2872D · Substantial damage
  > Failure of the pilot-in-command to apply power after the airspeed decrease just before touchdown and also failure to recover from the bounced landing. Contributing to the accident was the in-flight encounter with wind gusts while on approach to land.
- [NTSB LAX94LA067](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX94LA067.md): Cessna 182Q · Grand Canyon, AZ · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Dec 2, 1993 · N94596 · Substantial damage
  > the pilot's use of an excessive approach airspeed and an improper bounced landing recovery technique.
- [NTSB LAX94LA052](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX94LA052.md): Cessna 152 · Compton, CA · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Nov 19, 1993 · N5312L · Substantial damage
  > were the noncertificated student pilot's misjudged flare altitude, improper recovery from a bounced landing, and improper use of the left brake. The student pilot's lack of total experience and panic were factors in this accident.
- [NTSB SEA94LA042](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/SEA94LA042.md): Bell 47G3B1 · Mesa, WA · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Nov 15, 1993 · N1181W · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's improper flare. Factors include excessive airspeed while approaching the flare.
- [NTSB LAX94LA044](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX94LA044.md): Cessna 150 · Las Vegas, NV · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Nov 13, 1993 · N9231U · Substantial damage
  > the student pilot's failure to execute a go-around, premature flare, and improper use of the flight controls. Factors related to this accident are the student pilot's lack of total experience and diverted attention.
- [NTSB SEA94LA027](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/SEA94LA027.md): Springer Christina Minicoupe · Spokane, WA · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Nov 7, 1993 · N71GS · Substantial damage
  > The pilot in command's failure to maintain a proper descent rate.
- [NTSB SEA94LA028](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/SEA94LA028.md): Cessna 320C · Spirit Lake, ID · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Oct 30, 1993 · N3057T · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's failure to maintain airspeed. The pilot's failure to maintain directional control was a factor.
- [NTSB SEA94LA022](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/SEA94LA022.md): Beech A-35 · Billings, MT · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Oct 30, 1993 · N575B · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's failure to maintain directional control during the go-around. Factors include proper airspeed not being maintained, and gusty crosswinds.
- [NTSB NYC94LA024](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/NYC94LA024.md): Piper J3 · Greenland, NH · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Oct 28, 1993 · N24524 · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's improper landing flare which resulted in a hard landing.
- [NTSB LAX94LA029](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX94LA029.md): Beech 76 · Livermore, CA · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Oct 26, 1993 · N6626X · Substantial damage
  > the dual student's improper use of the throttle and the flight instructor's inadequate supervision of the flight.
- [NTSB SEA94LA017](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/SEA94LA017.md): Cessna 182R · Tooele, UT · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Oct 15, 1993 · N6503E · Substantial damage
  > Airspeed was not maintained.
- [NTSB LAX94LA011](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX94LA011.md): Beech C90A · Napa, CA · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Oct 12, 1993 · N487JD · Substantial damage
  > The dual student's improper use of powerplant controls, and inadequate supervision by the flight instructor (CFI).
- [NTSB ANC94LA006](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ANC94LA006.md): Piper PA-18-160 · Aniak, AK · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Oct 6, 1993 · N8479Y · Substantial damage
  > The pilot-in-command's failure to compensate for the wind conditions. The gusty wind was a factor.
- [NTSB CHI94LA003](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI94LA003.md): Welch OW8M · Greenfield, IN · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Oct 3, 1993 · N17117 · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's failure to properly flare the airplane. The gusty crosswind was a factor.
- [NTSB BFO93LA192](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/BFO93LA192.md): Cessna 182F · Batavia, OH · Accident · Minor injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Oct 1, 1993 · N3332U · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's improper flare.
- [NTSB FTW93LA273](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/FTW93LA273.md): Bell 206-L4 · Hurst, TX · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Sep 30, 1993 · N2064J · Substantial damage
  > The excessive flare and the control interference by the pilot undergoing instruction and inadequate supervision by the CFI. Factors were the pilot's failure to understand the instructor's directions due to his limited knowledge of the english language.
- [NTSB SEA93LA210](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/SEA93LA210.md): White BD-5 · Helena, MT · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Sep 25, 1993 · N273GW · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's failure to maintain airspeed. The pilot's lack of experience in this make and model aircraft was a factor.
- [NTSB LAX93LA368](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX93LA368.md): Cessna 172P · Phoenix, AZ · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Sep 24, 1993 · N98909 · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's misjudging the landing flare. A physical problem may have contributed.
- [NTSB CHI93LA363](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI93LA363.md): Piper PA-38-112 · Griffith, IN · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Sep 16, 1993 · N2353K · Substantial damage
  > the improper recovery from a bounced landing by the pilot-in- command.
- [NTSB SEA93LA199](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/SEA93LA199.md): Cessna 152 · Yamhill, OR · Accident · Minor injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Sep 13, 1993 · N757WT · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's failure to maintain a proper glidepath, improper flare, and improper recovery from a forced landing.
- [NTSB BFO93LA174](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/BFO93LA174.md): Cessna 182L · Oxford, MA · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Sep 13, 1993 · N42233 · Substantial damage
  > The failure of the CFI to maintain a proper descent rate, and his delay in performing remedial action. Factors related to the accident are the downdraft, the gusting winds, and the soft runway.
- [NTSB LAX93LA355](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX93LA355.md): Alfred F. Dibernardino RV-6A · Mesa, AZ · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Sep 11, 1993 · N45FD · Substantial damage
  > the pilot's failure to maintain the landing airspeed. The inadvertent stall was a factor related to this accident.
- [NTSB SEA93LA201](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/SEA93LA201.md): Cessna 182H · Salt Lake City, UT · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Sep 5, 1993 · N2076X · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's improper flare. Inadequate recovery from a bounced landing was factor.

Next page: https://openairdocs.org/ntsb.md?occurrence=200&page=32

## The whole list in SQL

Runs in DuckDB 1.2 or later on the release's Parquet files over HTTPS:

```sql
SELECT c."ntsbNumber", c."eventDate", c."eventType", c."eventCity", c."eventStateOrRegion", a.n_number, a."aircraftMake", a."aircraftModel", c."highestInjuryLevel", c."totalFatal", c."completionStatus", c.report_url
FROM 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_case_detail.parquet' c LEFT JOIN 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_aircrafts.parquet' a ON a.case_mkey = c."mKey" AND a.position = 1
WHERE c."mKey" IN (SELECT o.case_mkey FROM 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_occurrences.parquet' o WHERE o."occurrenceNumber" = 1 AND o."occurrenceCode" = 200)
ORDER BY c."eventDate" DESC, c."ntsbNumber" DESC
```

This list as a web page: https://openairdocs.org/ntsb?occurrence=200&page=31

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