# NTSB investigations: Hard landing

NTSB aviation accident and incident investigations since 1962: the probable cause, findings, aircraft, crew, weather and docket of each, linked to the FAA registry and the FAA’s own reports.

Page 32 of 62 · 3,083 cases

## Cases, newest first

- [NTSB NYC93LA182](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/NYC93LA182.md): Cessna 150M · Cortland, NY · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Aug 28, 1993 · N63626 · Substantial damage
  > The student pilot's improper recovery from a bounced landing, resulting in a hard landing and collapse of the nose gear. A factor was the student pilot's inexperience.
- [NTSB CHI93LA338](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI93LA338.md): Beech 19 · Elkhart, IN · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Aug 26, 1993 · N1914L · Substantial damage
  > inadequate remedial action by the flight instructor. Factors related to the accident were the excessive descent rate and the overload failure of the landing gear.
- [NTSB SEA93LA184](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/SEA93LA184.md): Cessna 206B · Challis, ID · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Aug 25, 1993 · N3431L · Substantial damage
  > Inadequate compensation for wind conditions. The downdraft was a factor.
- [NTSB SEA93LA185](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/SEA93LA185.md): Cessna 150H · Garfield, WA · Accident · Minor injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Aug 22, 1993 · N22369 · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's improper flare and recovery from a bounced landing. Factors include approach airspeed not maintained, a lack of total experience, and a ditch near the runway.
- [NTSB CHI93LA331](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI93LA331.md): Beech 23 · Milwaukee, WI · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Aug 22, 1993 · N9772L · Substantial damage
  > the student pilot's improper recovery from a bounced landing.
- [NTSB LAX93LA332](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX93LA332.md): Cessna 152 · Glendale, AZ · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Aug 21, 1993 · N6596P · Substantial damage
  > The student pilot's improper flare and recovery from the ensuing bounced landing.
- [NTSB CHI93LA321](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI93LA321.md): R.D. Bell/Pietenpol Aircamper · Pontiac, MI · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Aug 12, 1993 · N194BB · Substantial damage
  > The pilot in command not maintaining a proper descent rate during the final approach and landing flare phase of flight.
- [NTSB CHI93LA320](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI93LA320.md): Bell 47-G5 · Schaumburg, IL · Accident · Minor injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Aug 12, 1993 · N1347X · Substantial damage
  > the pilot's improper autorotation techniques.
- [NTSB NYC93LA148](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/NYC93LA148.md): Cessna 152 · Fryeburg, ME · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Aug 8, 1993 · N25211 · Substantial damage
  > The student pilot's improper recovery from a bounced landing resulting in the collapse of the nose gear and the subsequent nose over. A factor was an improper flare.
- [NTSB CHI93LA308](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI93LA308.md): Beech 19A · Ludington, MI · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Aug 6, 1993 · N5072T · Substantial damage
  > the pilot's misjudged landing flare.
- [NTSB ATL93LA140](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ATL93LA140.md): Cessna 172M · Manteo, NC · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Aug 3, 1993 · N80797 · Substantial damage
  > Inadequate compensation for wind conditions by the pilot. Factors related to the accident were: the adverse wind and the pilot's failure to obtain a weather briefing (inadequate weather evaluation).
- [NTSB DEN93LA098](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/DEN93LA098.md): Boeing 757-222 · Denver, CO · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Aug 2, 1993 · N508UA · Substantial damage
  > The first officer's improper recovery from a bounced landing. Factors were: the first officer's delayed initiation of the flare, and the captain's improper supervision of the flight.
- [NTSB NYC93LA143](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/NYC93LA143.md): Balloon Works Fire FLY 7-15 · Milford, NH · Accident · Serious injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Aug 1, 1993 · N2574M · No damage
  > Unfavorable winds during landing which resulted in a hard landing and one passenger sustaining a broken angle.
- [NTSB CHI93LA301](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI93LA301.md): Cessna 180 · Naubinway, MI · Accident · 1 fatal · Limited investigation · Final report · Aug 1, 1993 · CFPTU · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's improper flare for landing. Factors associated with the accident are the low clouds and fog, the rough water at the landing site, and the pilot's continued flight into known adverse weather.
- [NTSB CHI93LA307](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI93LA307.md): Cessna 170 · Excelsior Spgs, MO · Accident · Minor injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jul 31, 1993 · N4411V · Substantial damage
  > the private pilot's failure to maintain adequate aircraft control during landing.
- [NTSB MIA93LA166](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/MIA93LA166.md): Cessna 414 · Lake City, FL · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jul 30, 1993 · N4232C · Substantial damage
  > The failure of the pilot-in-commmand to properly flare before touchdown and the pilot's decision to land with excessive airspeed. A contributing factor was the aprehension/anxiety of the pilot during the precautionary landing.
- [NTSB LAX93LA304](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX93LA304.md): Cessna 152 · San Carlos, CA · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jul 28, 1993 · N69208 · Substantial damage
  > The cfi's inadequate supervision of the flight, the improper recovery from the bounced landing by the crew, and the lack of total experience in giving dual instruction by the CFI. Factors which contributed to this accident were: the dual student's improper…
- [NTSB DEN93LA087](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/DEN93LA087.md): Aero Commander 100-180 · Wray, CO · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jul 27, 1993 · N3617X · Destroyed
  > The pilot's inadequate compensation for the wind conditions and improper recovery from a bounced landing. The gusty crosswind was a factor.
- [NTSB DEN93LA086](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/DEN93LA086.md): Balloon Works 7B-15 · Colorado Sprgs, CO · Accident · Serious injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jul 24, 1993 · N9067Y · No damage
  > The passenger's failure to assume the proper landing position as instructed by the pilot in command. A factor was: the high wind.
- [NTSB CHI93LA277](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI93LA277.md): Piper PA-28R-200 · Flushing, MI · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jul 23, 1993 · N9307N · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's inadequate preflight planning for determining the proper takeoff profile. A factor in the accident was the high density altitude.
- [NTSB CHI93LA317](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI93LA317.md): Cessna 182M · Ironwood, MI · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jul 21, 1993 · N91705 · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's improper flare for landing.
- [NTSB MIA93LA159](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/MIA93LA159.md): Head Balloons AX8-105 · Jacksonville, FL · Accident · Serious injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jul 20, 1993 · N45124 · No damage
  > The improper procedures by the pilot-in-command.
- [NTSB CHI93LA265](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI93LA265.md): Beech C24R · Chesterfield, MO · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jul 17, 1993 · N2256L · Substantial damage
  > the pilot's improper recovery from a bounced landing.
- [NTSB CHI93LA258](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI93LA258.md): Maule M4 · Tomahawk, WI · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jul 16, 1993 · N9810M · Substantial damage
  > the pilot's improper recovery from a bounced landing.
- [NTSB ANC93LA118](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ANC93LA118.md): Lake LA4 · Turner Lake, AK · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jul 15, 1993 · N2672P · Substantial damage
  > Pilot-in-command misjudged the landing flare on a glassy water landing. A factor in the accident was the glassy water condition.
- [NTSB FTW93LA210](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/FTW93LA210.md): Cessna 172M · Lamesa, TX · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jul 8, 1993 · N13722 · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's improper flare, improper recovery from a bounced landing and the inadvertent stall. A factor was the gusty wind.
- [NTSB BFO93LA114](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/BFO93LA114.md): Beech A36 · Falmouth, MA · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jul 6, 1993 · N4325W · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's inadequate compensation for wind conditions and improper recovery from a bounced landing. The gusty wind condition was a related factor.
- [NTSB NYC93LA134](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/NYC93LA134.md): Cessna 150E · Oxford, ME · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jun 30, 1993 · N3023J · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's improper landing flare which resulted in a hard landing. A factor was the pilot's lack of experience.
- [NTSB ATL93LA114](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ATL93LA114.md): Cessna 150 · Smyrna, TN · Accident · Serious injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jun 22, 1993 · N63255 · Substantial damage
  > The improper flare and the improper go around procedures used by the pilot
- [NTSB CHI93LA210](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI93LA210.md): Beech B19 · Janesville, WI · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jun 15, 1993 · N24674 · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's improper landing flare.
- [NTSB NYC93LA109](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/NYC93LA109.md): Enstrom 280C · Glen Mills, PA · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jun 9, 1993 · N51739 · Substantial damage
  > An improperly planned approach in which the flare was not attained, and which resulted in a hard landing.
- [NTSB NYC93LA105](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/NYC93LA105.md): Cessna 152 · Provincetown, MA · Accident · Minor injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jun 8, 1993 · N64932 · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's failure to recover from a bounced landing and to maintain aircraft control which resulted in the airplane nosing over. Improper landing flare is a contributing factor.
- [NTSB MIA93LA139](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/MIA93LA139.md): Beech 23 · Tampa, FL · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jun 6, 1993 · N24693 · Substantial damage
  > The pilot-in-command's improper landing flare, which resulted in the aircraft bouncing and entering a porpoise maneuver. Contributing to the accident was his failure to recover from the bounced landing and perform a go-around.
- [NTSB CHI93LA190](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI93LA190.md): Piper PA-28 · Indianapolis, IN · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · May 30, 1993 · N2816A · Substantial damage
  > a misjudged flare and subsequent hard landing by the student pilot. A factor in the accident was the student pilot's failure to perform a go-around.
- [NTSB ANC93LA071](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ANC93LA071.md): Cessna 185 · Bulchitna Lake, AK · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · May 29, 1993 · N80124 · Substantial damage
  > The failure of the landing gear leg due to a fatigue fracture caused by corrosion.
- [NTSB SEA93LA123](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/SEA93LA123.md): Cessna 152 · Cheyenne, WY · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · May 27, 1993 · N43LL · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's improper flare and improper recovery from a bounced landing. Factors include strong crosswinds, downdrafts, and an excessive descent rate.
- [NTSB CHI93LA189](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI93LA189.md): Cessna 150M · Jeffersonville, IN · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · May 27, 1993 · N3109V · Substantial damage
  > The flight instructor's delayed remedial action and failure to assure recovery from a bounced landing. A factor related to the accident was: improper flare by the student pilot.
- [NTSB DEN93LA061](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/DEN93LA061.md): Cessna 172N · Buena Vista, CO · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · May 23, 1993 · N4881G · Destroyed
  > A downdraft and the pilot's failure to maintain directional control of the airplane. Factors were: a crosswind and the inadvertent selection of additional flaps.
- [NTSB SEA93LA116](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/SEA93LA116.md): Rambow Monnett Moni · Ritzville, WA · Accident · Serious injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · May 21, 1993 · N106NR · Substantial damage
  > The improper landing flare.
- [NTSB SEA93LA111](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/SEA93LA111.md): Aeronca 7AC · Walla Walla, WA · Accident · Minor injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · May 18, 1993 · N81829 · Substantial damage
  > The premature landing flare by the pilot which resulted in a hard landing and the pilot's failure to maintain airspeed above stall speed during the balked landing.
- [NTSB BFO93LA092](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/BFO93LA092.md): Cessna 152 · Cape May, NJ · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · May 17, 1993 · N5215Q · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's failure to properly flare during landing, and his failure to properly recover from a bounced landing.
- [NTSB DEN93LA059](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/DEN93LA059.md): Cessna 305A · Fort Collins, CO · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · May 15, 1993 · N5225G · Substantial damage
  > An excessive rate of descent resulting in a hard landing.
- [NTSB CHI93LA172](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI93LA172.md): Piper PA-32-300 · West Chicago, IL · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · May 14, 1993 · N2947E · Substantial damage
  > The pilot-in-command's inadequate compensation for the wind conditions he encountered during the landing approach and touchdown and not maintaining a proper descent rate
- [NTSB CHI93LA163](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI93LA163.md): Cessna 150J · Rice Lake, WI · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · May 5, 1993 · N61306 · Substantial damage
  > The student pilot's failure to maintain directional control of the airplane.
- [NTSB BFO93LA066](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/BFO93LA066.md): Quickie 200 · N. Kingstown, RI · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · May 2, 1993 · N687EA · Substantial damage
  > Improper flare by the pilot.
- [NTSB LAX93IA198](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX93IA198.md): Mcdonnell Douglas MD-11 · Los Angeles, CA · Incident · No injuries · Incident investigation · Final report · May 1, 1993 · N803DE · Minor damage
  > The pilot's improper flare and improper recovery from a bounced landing.
- [NTSB BFO93LA065](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/BFO93LA065.md): Cessna 152 · Turner Falls, MA · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · May 1, 1993 · N49394 · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's improper flare and improper recovery from a bounced landing.
- [NTSB LAX93LA193](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX93LA193.md): Cessna 172N · Santa Monica, CA · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Apr 29, 1993 · N401KA · Substantial damage
  > That the pilot misjudged the flare and failed to properly recover from the ensuing bounced landing. The pilot's failure to attain the proper touchdown point was a factor.
- [NTSB LAX93LA209](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX93LA209.md): Bell 47-G2 · Antarctica · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Apr 28, 1993 · N1437 · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's poorly planned approach.
- [NTSB NYC93LA093](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/NYC93LA093.md): Robinson R22B · Murraysville, PA · Accident · Minor injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Apr 27, 1993 · N2618Z · Substantial damage
  > Failure of the pilot to maintain rotor RPM, which resulted in a hard landing and rollover. A factor related to the accident was the pilot's lack of total helicopter experience.

Next page: https://openairdocs.org/ntsb.md?occurrence=200&page=33

## The whole list in SQL

Runs in DuckDB 1.2 or later on the release's Parquet files over HTTPS:

```sql
SELECT c."ntsbNumber", c."eventDate", c."eventType", c."eventCity", c."eventStateOrRegion", a.n_number, a."aircraftMake", a."aircraftModel", c."highestInjuryLevel", c."totalFatal", c."completionStatus", c.report_url
FROM 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_case_detail.parquet' c LEFT JOIN 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_aircrafts.parquet' a ON a.case_mkey = c."mKey" AND a.position = 1
WHERE c."mKey" IN (SELECT o.case_mkey FROM 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_occurrences.parquet' o WHERE o."occurrenceNumber" = 1 AND o."occurrenceCode" = 200)
ORDER BY c."eventDate" DESC, c."ntsbNumber" DESC
```

This list as a web page: https://openairdocs.org/ntsb?occurrence=200&page=32

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