# NTSB investigations: Hard landing

NTSB aviation accident and incident investigations since 1962: the probable cause, findings, aircraft, crew, weather and docket of each, linked to the FAA registry and the FAA’s own reports.

Page 33 of 62 · 3,083 cases

## Cases, newest first

- [NTSB ATL93LA083](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ATL93LA083.md): Bell 206B · Myrtle Beach, SC · Accident · Serious injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Apr 27, 1993 · N96DM · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's improper compensation for wind conditions during the approach and landing. Factors were the gusts, turbulence, and tailwind conditions at the landing site.
- [NTSB DEN93LA046](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/DEN93LA046.md): Cessna 172M · Meeker, CO · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Apr 26, 1993 · N4472R · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's improper compensation for wind conditions. A factor was: gusty crosswinds.
- [NTSB NYC93LA090](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/NYC93LA090.md): Cessna 172 · Columbus, OH · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Apr 23, 1993 · N734QF · Substantial damage
  > The improper flare by the pilot allowing the airplane to balloon and land hard. A factor in this accident was pilot's lack of recent flying experience.
- [NTSB ANC93LA053](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ANC93LA053.md): Cessna A185F · Goose Bay, AK · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Apr 23, 1993 · N5077G · Substantial damage
  > The instructor pilot's delay of remedial action during the simulated forced landing. Factors were the dual student's failure to maintain the proper descent rate, and his failure to attain proper alignment with the runway prior to touchdown.
- [NTSB LAX93LA188](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX93LA188.md): Aerostar AX-9 · Calistoga, CA · Accident · Serious injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Apr 22, 1993 · N63164 · No damage
  > The balloon's encounter with higher than forecast winds which resulted in a hard landing. A factor in the accident was the design of the balloon basket with a recessed area which prevented any lateral movement of the injured passenger's foot during the…
- [NTSB NYC93LA085](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/NYC93LA085.md): Piper PA-28-161 · Lakewood, NJ · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Apr 18, 1993 · N3008F · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's inadequate compensation for wind conditions, and his failure to maintain directional control of the airplane, which resulted in a ground swerve and a collision with trees. The adverse wind was a related factor.
- [NTSB FTW93LA130](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/FTW93LA130.md): Beech C23 · Searcy, AR · Accident · Minor injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Apr 15, 1993 · N2150W · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's improper flare and his improper recovery for a bounced landing. The crosswind and the pilot's improper compensation for the wind were factors.
- [NTSB MIA93LA101](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/MIA93LA101.md): American AA-1 · Iuka, MS · Accident · Minor injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Apr 14, 1993 · N5607L · Destroyed
  > The pilot's improper recovery from a bounced landing and the subsequent loss of control due to a stall/mush condition. Contributing to the accident was the pilot's lack of total experience.
- [NTSB FTW93LA123](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/FTW93LA123.md): Grumman G-164 · Forrest City, AR · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Apr 11, 1993 · N7661 · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's improper landing flare. Factors were the wind conditions and pilot's failure to maintain directional control.
- [NTSB NYC93LA073](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/NYC93LA073.md): Beech B19 · Old Bridge, NJ · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Apr 8, 1993 · N6986R · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's improper flare and improper recovery from a bounced landing, which resulted in overload failure of the nose gear.
- [NTSB SEA93LA077](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/SEA93LA077.md): Piper PA-38 · Burley, ID · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Mar 12, 1993 · N2438L · Substantial damage
  > Landing on the wrong runway and an improper touchdown. Lack of total experience in type of operation was a factor.
- [NTSB LAX93LA147](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX93LA147.md): Robinson R-22 Beta · Folsom, CA · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Mar 12, 1993 · N4072T · Substantial damage
  > The student pilot's excessive rate of descent during a approach for landing, improper remedial action to arrest the rate of descent, and a failure to maintain proper main rotor RPM. The student pilot's lack of total aeronautical experience was a factor in…
- [NTSB FTW93LA098](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/FTW93LA098.md): Cessna 177 · Overbrook, OK · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Mar 7, 1993 · N3103T · Destroyed
  > The pilot's improper compensation for wind conditions and his failure to recover from a bounced landing. A factor was turbulence
- [NTSB MIA93LA081](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/MIA93LA081.md): Root, Arthur T. Delta Dyke JD-2 · Sebastian, FL · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Mar 6, 1993 · N641AR · Substantial damage
  > The pilot-in-command's improper flare and recovery from a bounced landing, resulting in a hard landing which caused landing gear failure. Contributing to the accident was the pilot's lack of total flight time and flight time in the make and model.
- [NTSB BFO93LA040](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/BFO93LA040.md): Piper PA-28-161 · Napoleon, OH · Accident · Minor injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Feb 28, 1993 · N5220W · Substantial damage
  > The intentional stall resulting in a hard landing. Contributing to the accident was the premature flare which led to an exceeded proper touchdown point and the student pilot's lack of overall experience.
- [NTSB CHI93LA112](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI93LA112.md): Taylorcraft BC12-D · Brainerd, MN · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Feb 26, 1993 · N44109 · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's improper flare which resulted in a bounced, hard landing and the subsequent loss of directional control.
- [NTSB LAX93LA137](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX93LA137.md): Beech A36 · Santa Ana, CA · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Feb 24, 1993 · N43Y · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's inadequate compensation for the existing wind conditions and his failure to maintain an adequate approach reference airspeed. Factors in the accident were the pilot's low experience in the aircraft.
- [NTSB LAX93LA127](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX93LA127.md): Piper PA-28-161 · Bakersfield, CA · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Feb 20, 1993 · N9750K · Substantial damage
  > The overload failure of the right main landing gear strut attach bolts due to a hard landing. The hard landing was the result of the student misjudging the landing flare, and, the inadequate supervision of the flight by the flight instructor.
- [NTSB CHI93LA088](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI93LA088.md): Piper PA-28-235 · Lafayette, IN · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Feb 6, 1993 · N8784W · Substantial damage
  > The pilot-in-command's decision to initiate flight into known icing conditions which resulted in an accummulation of airframe ice. The icing conditions and the pilot's disregard of the weather advisory were factors.
- [NTSB LAX93LA296](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX93LA296.md): Thunder and Colt Colt 160A · Chandler, AZ · Accident · Serious injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jan 30, 1993 · N128TC · No damage
  > The pilot's failure to adequately evaluate the weather conditions and subsequent uncontrolled touchdown resulting in a hard landing. Gusty wind conditions were a factor in the accident.
- [NTSB LAX93LA106](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX93LA106.md): Eagle C-7 · San Juan Bautis, CA · Accident · Serious injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jan 24, 1993 · N7000J · No damage
  > The pilot's inadequate inflight planning and the unfavorable winds.
- [NTSB LAX93LA094](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX93LA094.md): Cessna 150 · Torrance, CA · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jan 11, 1993 · N6019T · Substantial damage
  > 1) The pilot misjudging the airplane's landing flare, and 2) the pilot's improper recovery from a bounced landing. A factor in this accident was the pilot's lack of total aircraft experience.
- [NTSB CHI93MA061](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI93MA061.md): Saab-Scania 340A · Hibbing, MN · Accident · No injuries · Major investigation · Final report · Jan 3, 1993 · N342PX · Substantial damage
  > The first officer's failure to maintain a proper descent rate during the landing, and the captain's inadequate supervision by not taking timely action to ensure a safe landing. Factors which contributed to the accident were: the company's failure to provide…
- [NTSB MIA93IA052](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/MIA93IA052.md): Balloon Works Firefly 7-15 · Orlando, FL · Incident · Minor injuries · Incident investigation · Final report · Jan 2, 1993 · N9056D · No damage
  > Poor in-flight planning/decision by the pilot, and excessive descent resulting in a hard landing.
- [NTSB LAX93LA079](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX93LA079.md): Piper PA-18-125 · Herald, CA · Accident · Serious injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Dec 31, 1992 · N3872C · Substantial damage
  > The failure of the pilot to maintain a proper descent rate and his failure to take timely remedial action to correct a high sink rate prior to colliding with the ground.
- [NTSB DEN93LA020](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/DEN93LA020.md): Beech 58 · Ft Collins, CO · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Dec 31, 1992 · N21BW · Substantial damage
  > Failure by the pilot to follow IFR procedures in not executing a missed approach when he arrived at the runway threshold with improper alignment and improper descent rate for landing. A factor was: marginal weather conditions.
- [NTSB LAX93LA084](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX93LA084.md): Raven S-55A · Peoria, AZ · Accident · Serious injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Dec 26, 1992 · N2815S · No damage
  > The balloon's encounter with a gusty wind shear condition during the final descent for landing at an altitude insufficient for the pilot to take corrective action to prevent a hard landing.
- [NTSB MIA93LA032](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/MIA93LA032.md): Hiller UH-12C · New Smyrna Bch, FL · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Dec 21, 1992 · N38767 · Substantial damage
  > The pilot-in-command's improper application of cyclic and collective pitch control during an autorotative landing.
- [NTSB NYC93LA053](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/NYC93LA053.md): Piper PA-28-180 · Oxford, CT · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Dec 20, 1992 · N5135L · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's improper level off which resulted in a hard landing. Contributing were wind gusts and the pilot's inadequate compensation for wind conditions.
- [NTSB MIA93LA040](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/MIA93LA040.md): Cuevas, Orlando S. Quicksilver MXL 2 · Guayama, PR · Accident · Serious injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Dec 19, 1992 · N4305C · Substantial damage
  > The pilot in command's failure to maintain directional control while making a go around following a bounced landing resulting in a collision with trees.
- [NTSB CHI93LA048](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI93LA048.md): Piper PA-32-300 · Shell Knob, MO · Accident · Serious injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Dec 5, 1992 · N4152W · Destroyed
  > The pilot's misjudging of the landing flare.
- [NTSB FTW93LA046](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/FTW93LA046.md): Cessna 152 · New Orleans, LA · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Nov 28, 1992 · N4948P · Substantial damage
  > Hard landing due to the pilot's inadequate flare. A factor was the blocked rudder.
- [NTSB MIA93LA023](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/MIA93LA023.md): Cessna 182 · Macon, GA · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Nov 23, 1992 · N42016 · Substantial damage
  > The pilot in command's failure to stabilize his approach to landing, resulting in the aircraft making a hard landing halfway down the runway.
- [NTSB LAX93LA049](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX93LA049.md): Mooney M20J · Santa Ana, CA · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Nov 21, 1992 · N4766H · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's improper landing flare, his improper bounced landing recovery technique, and his inadvertent entry into a stall mush condition.
- [NTSB FTW93LA040](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/FTW93LA040.md): Beech B100 · Uvalde, TX · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Nov 19, 1992 · N3GS · Substantial damage
  > The pilots failure to go around. A factor was his resultant long landing and delayed flare.
- [NTSB BFO93LA013](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/BFO93LA013.md): Cessna 152 · Danville, KY · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Nov 18, 1992 · N4840H · Substantial damage
  > The student pilot's inadequate flare. A factor was the gusty wind.
- [NTSB DEN93LA010](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/DEN93LA010.md): Cessna 310Q · Englewood, CO · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Nov 16, 1992 · N999HD · Substantial damage
  > Undetermined.
- [NTSB CHI93LA022](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI93LA022.md): Cessna 172N · Ankeny, IA · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Oct 27, 1992 · N75823 · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's improper recovery for a bounced landing.
- [NTSB FTW93LA021](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/FTW93LA021.md): Cessna 177B · Las Cruces, NM · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Oct 22, 1992 · N13710 · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's delayed landing flare and the improper bounced landing recovery. A factor was the dark night.
- [NTSB DEN93LA019](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/DEN93LA019.md): Cessna 172 · Colorado Spring, CO · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Oct 18, 1992 · N1450U · Substantial damage
  > Proper descent rate was not maintained by the pilot in command which resulted in a hard landing.
- [NTSB MIA93LA007](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/MIA93LA007.md): Cessna 152 · Hollywood, FL · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Oct 17, 1992 · N6560H · Substantial damage
  > The pilot in command's improper flare which resulted in the aircraft ballooning during landing, followed by his improper recovery from the ballooned landing which resulted in the aircraft touching down hard on the nose landing gear causing it to collapse.
- [NTSB LAX93LA010](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX93LA010.md): Bell 47-D1 · El Monte, CA · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Oct 11, 1992 · N162B · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's failure to maintain the rotor RPM.
- [NTSB CHI93LA006](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI93LA006.md): Piper PA-34-220T · Madison, WI · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Oct 8, 1992 · N228R · Substantial damage
  > Was the pilot's inadequate compensation for wind conditions which resulted in an improper flare. A factor related was the gusty wind condition.
- [NTSB NYC93LA004](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/NYC93LA004.md): Lake LA-250 · Franklin, NH · Accident · 1 fatal · Limited investigation · Final report · Oct 3, 1992 · N8549Z · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's misjudged touchdown on the water which resulted in a porpoised landing. Also causal to the accident was his improper recovery from the porpoise, resulting in a loss of airplane control and collision with the water. Factors related to the accident…
- [NTSB CHI92LA294](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI92LA294.md): Socata TB-9 · Grand Forks, ND · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Sep 29, 1992 · N150ND · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's premature flare.
- [NTSB CHI92LA293](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI92LA293.md): Cameron O-77 · North Omaha, NE · Accident · Serious injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Sep 27, 1992 · N9539G · No damage
  > The pilot's abrupt touchdown during a balloon landing. A related factor is the unsuitable terrain selected.
- [NTSB CHI92LA292](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI92LA292.md): Cessna 152 · Cape Girardeau, MO · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Sep 27, 1992 · N69225 · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's failure to recover from the bounced landing.
- [NTSB DEN92LA095](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/DEN92LA095.md): Cameron V-77 · Littleton, CO · Accident · Serious injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Sep 24, 1992 · N7403U · No damage
  > Undetermined.
- [NTSB CHI92LA289](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI92LA289.md): Learjet LR-60 · Hutchinson, KS · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Sep 24, 1992 · N602LJ · Substantial damage
  > Inadequate flight test methods by the manufacturer and the FAA which did not permit safe operating clearances.
- [NTSB LAX92LA394](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX92LA394.md): Cessna 180 · Avalon, CA · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Sep 20, 1992 · N3288D · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's improper landing flare which resulted in a hard landing and a collapse of the left main landing gear.

Next page: https://openairdocs.org/ntsb.md?occurrence=200&page=34

## The whole list in SQL

Runs in DuckDB 1.2 or later on the release's Parquet files over HTTPS:

```sql
SELECT c."ntsbNumber", c."eventDate", c."eventType", c."eventCity", c."eventStateOrRegion", a.n_number, a."aircraftMake", a."aircraftModel", c."highestInjuryLevel", c."totalFatal", c."completionStatus", c.report_url
FROM 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_case_detail.parquet' c LEFT JOIN 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_aircrafts.parquet' a ON a.case_mkey = c."mKey" AND a.position = 1
WHERE c."mKey" IN (SELECT o.case_mkey FROM 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_occurrences.parquet' o WHERE o."occurrenceNumber" = 1 AND o."occurrenceCode" = 200)
ORDER BY c."eventDate" DESC, c."ntsbNumber" DESC
```

This list as a web page: https://openairdocs.org/ntsb?occurrence=200&page=33

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