# NTSB investigations: Hard landing NTSB aviation accident and incident investigations since 1962: the probable cause, findings, aircraft, crew, weather and docket of each, linked to the FAA registry and the FAA’s own reports. Page 36 of 62 · 3,083 cases ## Cases, newest first - [NTSB ANC91LA138](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ANC91LA138.md): De Havilland DHC-2 · Cube Cove, AK · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Aug 31, 1991 · N2738G · Substantial damage > The encounter with windshear. - [NTSB ANC91LA159](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ANC91LA159.md): Piper PA-18 · Dry Bay, AK · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Aug 26, 1991 · N6644Z · Substantial damage > The pilot failed to maintain adequate airspeed and stalled the airplane. Contributing to the accident was the unsuitable terrain on which the pilot chose to land. - [NTSB LAX91LA373](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX91LA373.md): Cessna 152 · Montague, CA · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Aug 24, 1991 · N757ZJ · Substantial damage > The pilot's improper flare and improper go-around procedure. Contributing to the accident was the lack of total pilot experience. - [NTSB LAX91LA372](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX91LA372.md): Cessna 182 · Columbia, CA · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Aug 24, 1991 · N7589S · Substantial damage > The pilot of the aircraft experienced a bounced landing on his initial landing attempt. He executed a go-around and landed without incident on the second attempt. Substantial damage to the firewall was discovered afterwards. The pilot believes the bounced… - [NTSB FTW91LA154](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/FTW91LA154.md): Bell L4 Experimental · Arlington, TX · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Aug 24, 1991 · N2770X · Substantial damage > The pilot's failure to maintain adequate rotor RPM during the planned autorotation and his improper touchdown. - [NTSB MIA91LA200](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/MIA91LA200.md): Cessna 152 · Marianna, FL · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Aug 21, 1991 · N757TM · Substantial damage > The student pilot's failure to maintain proper airspeed during landing and failure to execute a go-around in a timely manner. - [NTSB FTW91LA148](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/FTW91LA148.md): Beech B19 · Poteau, OK · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Aug 20, 1991 · N9741L · Destroyed > The improper flare technique utilitzed by the pilot under instruction. A factor was the failure of the check pilot to intervene. - [NTSB FTW91LA150](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/FTW91LA150.md): Hughes 269A-1 · No. Little Rock, AR · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Aug 18, 1991 · N65372 · Substantial damage > The pilot's failure to maintain main rotor RPM, his delayed flare, and the improper touchdown. - [NTSB NYC91LA214](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/NYC91LA214.md): Piper PA-32-301 · Montauk, NY · Accident · Minor injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Aug 17, 1991 · N4368W · Substantial damage > The pilot made a hard landing, resulting in the main landing gear collapsing. Contributing to the accident was the pilot's interpretation of the wind conditions, misjudgment of the flare causing the airplane to balloon and stall. - [NTSB ANC91LA123](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ANC91LA123.md): Piper PA-18-150 · Gulkana, AK · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Aug 10, 1991 · N180AT · Substantial damage > The pilot's failure to maintain adequate airspeed, resulting in a stall, hard landing and collapse of the main landing gear. - [NTSB CHI91LA253](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI91LA253.md): Cessna 180 · Eveleth, MN · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Aug 2, 1991 · N9377T · Substantial damage > The pilot's failure to maintain the proper descent rate and adequate airspeed during the approach. A factor related to the accident is the lack of recent total experience. - [NTSB FTW91LA135](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/FTW91LA135.md): Beech BE-19 · Mesquite, TX · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jul 31, 1991 · N1927L · Substantial damage > The flight instructor's inadequate supervision of the student. Factors were the dual student's misjudgement of altitude and premature flare of the airplane. - [NTSB FTW91LA133](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/FTW91LA133.md): Cessna 150 · Searcy, AR · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jul 24, 1991 · N7655U · Substantial damage > The pilots misjudgment of altitude and lack of a timely flare. - [NTSB CHI91LA241](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI91LA241.md): Cessna 150 · Winona, MN · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jul 22, 1991 · N19153 · Substantial damage > Improper flare performed by the pilot. A factor related to the accident was lack of total experience by the pilot. - [NTSB NYC91LA137](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/NYC91LA137.md): Beech C-23 · Chesapeake, OH · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jul 16, 1991 · N9723Q · Substantial damage > The pilot's failure to maintain an adequate airspeed that would preclude a stall. Contributing to the accident was the opened door. - [NTSB MIA91LA229](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/MIA91LA229.md): Bell 206B · Vero Beach, FL · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jul 9, 1991 · N333FC · Substantial damage > The pilot-in-command's failure to maintain the proper descent rate resulting in a hard landing. - [NTSB LAX91LA295](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX91LA295.md): Piper PA 22 · Duncan, AZ · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jul 6, 1991 · N3625A · Substantial damage > The pilot's failure to maintain a proper airspeed during the approach and an inadvertent entry into a stall/mush which resulted in a hard landing. - [NTSB NYC91LA170](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/NYC91LA170.md): Cessna 152 · Rutland, VT · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jul 4, 1991 · N69061 · Substantial damage > The student pilot improper recovery from a bounced landing which resulted in the collapsing of the nose gear. A factor related to the accident was the student pilot's lack of total flight experience. - [NTSB FTW91LA116](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/FTW91LA116.md): Cessna 172P · Lakeview, AR · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jul 4, 1991 · N64344 · Substantial damage > (1) The pilot's failure to properly flare the airplane for landing and (2) his subsequent improper recovery from a bounced landing. - [NTSB SEA91LA151](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/SEA91LA151.md): Beech C33A · Brookings, OR · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jul 2, 1991 · N12EM · Substantial damage > The pilot's improper flare for touchdown, and her improper recovery from a bounced landing. - [NTSB DEN91LA094](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/DEN91LA094.md): Cessna 172P · Watkins, CO · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jul 1, 1991 · N89900 · Substantial damage > The pilot's failure to maintain directional control of the aircraft. A factor was the pilot misjudging his flare. - [NTSB FTW91LA112](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/FTW91LA112.md): Bell 206L-1 · S. Tim 171d · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jun 30, 1991 · N2772A · Substantial damage > The high rate of descent and delayed flare. - [NTSB LAX91LA278](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX91LA278.md): Cessna 182Q · Watsonville, CA · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jun 25, 1991 · N759KM · Substantial damage > The pilot's improper flare and improper recovery from a bounced landing. Factors related to the accident were: gusty winds, the pilot's inadequate compensation for wind conditions, and the pilot's lack of experience in this make and model of aircraft. - [NTSB NYC91LA155](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/NYC91LA155.md): Piper PA-28R-200 · Doylestown, PA · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jun 22, 1991 · N4821T · Substantial damage > The flight instructor allowed the student to continue a simulated engine failure to a hard landing, resulting in a bounced landing and loss of directional control and a collision with the VASI. - [NTSB BFO91LA057](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/BFO91LA057.md): Cessna 182 · Baltimore, MD · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jun 22, 1991 · N3026Q · Substantial damage > The pilot's improper flare and improper recovery from a bounced landing. - [NTSB SEA91LA149](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/SEA91LA149.md): Cessna 210 · Salt Lake City, UT · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jun 21, 1991 · N7350E · Substantial damage > The pilot's poor inflight planning and decisions in that he failed to anticipate wake turbulence from the departing helicopter. - [NTSB ATL91LA114](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ATL91LA114.md): Cessna 182R · Dothan, AL · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jun 18, 1991 · N851CA · Substantial damage > Lack of supervision by the flight instructor who allowed a dual student to make a hard landing. - [NTSB SEA91LA135](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/SEA91LA135.md): Robinson R-22B · Corvallis, OR · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jun 17, 1991 · N202PR · Substantial damage > The student pilot's overconfidence in his personal ability and inadquate remedial action. Contributing to the accident was his decision to attempt a solo autoroation. - [NTSB LAX91LA264](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX91LA264.md): Robinson R-22B · Phoenix, AZ · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jun 17, 1991 · N4034K · Destroyed > The failure of the student to maintain the proper rotor RPM while performing a practice autorotation, and, the failure of the flight instructor to properly supervise the conduct of the flight and to take timely corrective action. - [NTSB SEA91LA138](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/SEA91LA138.md): Cessna C175 · East Glacier, MT · Accident · Minor injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jun 16, 1991 · N7468M · Substantial damage > The pilot's failure to maintain sufficient airspeed. Contributing to the accident was: the gusty wind conditions and the pilot's lack of experience in this type of operation. - [NTSB DEN91LA085](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/DEN91LA085.md): Cessna 172J · Rifle, CO · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jun 16, 1991 · N9885J · Substantial damage > The student pilot improperly flared the aircraft during landing. - [NTSB DEN91LA084](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/DEN91LA084.md): Cessna 182Q · Lafayette, CO · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jun 16, 1991 · N94596 · Substantial damage > The pic's abrupt touchdown. Factors were: approach reference speed not maintained, proper descent rate not maintained by the PIC and inattention by the designated examiner. - [NTSB FTW91LA097](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/FTW91LA097.md): Piper PA-34-200T · New Orleans, LA · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jun 14, 1991 · N44447 · Substantial damage > The pilot's improper recovery from a bounced landing. A factor was: the pilot's lack of total experience in model. - [NTSB DEN91LA081](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/DEN91LA081.md): Cessna 182P · Santa Fe, NM · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jun 8, 1991 · N8494M · Substantial damage > The pilot misjudged the flare during landing. - [NTSB CHI91DEX03](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI91DEX03.md): Cessna 320F · Washington, IN · Accident · No injuries · Final report · Jun 8, 1991 · N6158Q · Substantial damage > Exceeding the aircraft's proper descent rate by the pilot in command. Factors related to the accident were inoperative runway edge lights, proper alignment not attained, improperly planned approach, and inadequate facility maintenance. - [NTSB LAX91LA246](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX91LA246.md): Cessna 182 · Lincoln, CA · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jun 5, 1991 · N2489X · Substantial damage > That the pilot-in-command improperly flared the airplane by misjudging the altitude and improper recovery from the bounced landing. - [NTSB MIA91LA159](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/MIA91LA159.md): Cessna 152 · Pensacola, FL · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jun 3, 1991 · N65416 · Substantial damage > The pilot-in-command's improper flare and recovery from a bounced landing resulting in a hard landing and collapse of the nose landing gear. - [NTSB SEA91FA124](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/SEA91FA124.md): Bell 206BII · Brewster, WA · Accident · No injuries · Field investigation · Final report · May 28, 1991 · N90307 · Substantial damage > The pilot-in-command's selection of unsuitable terrain for the emergency simulation. - [NTSB LAX91LA244](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX91LA244.md): Cessna 172M · Willits, CA · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · May 28, 1991 · N1407U · Substantial damage > That the pilot misjudged the flare and failed to properly recover from a bounced landing. Contributing to this accident was entering into an inadvertent porpoise. - [NTSB CHI91LA174](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI91LA174.md): Cameron N120 · Overland Park, KS · Accident · Serious injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · May 21, 1991 · N4014R · No damage > The pilot's failure to maintain a proper descent rate during an approach for landing. - [NTSB ATL91LA147](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ATL91LA147.md): Cessna 150J · Greensboro, NC · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · May 14, 1991 · N5519G · Substantial damage > The pilot's improper flare during the landing. Factors in the accident were the dark night and lack of runway edge lights. - [NTSB LAX91LA210](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX91LA210.md): Cessna 152 · Banning, CA · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · May 12, 1991 · N6258B · Substantial damage > The failure of the pilot to utilize the proper technique to recover the airplane from a bounced landing. - [NTSB CHI91LA151](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI91LA151.md): Cessna 152 · Pontiac, MI · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · May 11, 1991 · N69101 · Substantial damage > Recovery from a bounced landing was improper by the pilot. Factors related to the accident were lack of recent experience by the pilot. - [NTSB CHI91LA149](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI91LA149.md): Cessna 172 · Neosho, WI · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · May 11, 1991 · N7444A · Substantial damage > The pilot's failure to properly flare the airplane and an improper recovery from a bounced landing. - [NTSB LAX91LA194](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX91LA194.md): Lancair 320 · Fall River Mill, CA · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · May 5, 1991 · N320MC · Destroyed > Failure of the pilot-in-command to compensate for wind conditions and to recover from a bounced landing which resulted in an on ground loss of control. Contributing to the accident was the wind conditions and turbulence at the airport at the time of the… - [NTSB NYC91LA124](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/NYC91LA124.md): Israel Aircraft Industries 1124A · Oxford, CT · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · May 1, 1991 · N445BL · Substantial damage > The failure of the pilot to maintain the proper landing descent rate and the resultant right main landing gear assembly collapse. - [NTSB LAX91LA187](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX91LA187.md): Beech F33A · Goodyear, AZ · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Apr 29, 1991 · N5585Y · Substantial damage > The pilot's failure to ensure that the airplane's landing gear was extended by the passenger who he was allowing fly the airplane. A contributing factor related to the pilot's inadequate supervision of the passenger. - [NTSB NYC91LA118](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/NYC91LA118.md): Cessna P210 · Olean, NY · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Apr 18, 1991 · N90TL · Substantial damage > Improper flare by the pilot, which resulted in a hard landing. Factors related to the accident were: the pilot's lack of recent experience and the unfavorable wind condition. - [NTSB LAX91LA162](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX91LA162.md): Hughes 369D · Yerington, NV · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Apr 7, 1991 · N1109Q · Substantial damage > The pilot's excessive airspeed and rate of descent on final approach to land, and subsequent loss of rotor RPM while attempting to flare. The ditch was a related factor. - [NTSB ATL91LA082](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ATL91LA082.md): Cessna 172P · Hatteras, NC · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Apr 7, 1991 · N62340 · Substantial damage > The pilot's improper landing flare, subsequent inadvertent porpoise, and his failure to execute a bounced landing recovery. Next page: https://openairdocs.org/ntsb.md?occurrence=200&page=37 ## The whole list in SQL Runs in DuckDB 1.2 or later on the release's Parquet files over HTTPS: ```sql SELECT c."ntsbNumber", c."eventDate", c."eventType", c."eventCity", c."eventStateOrRegion", a.n_number, a."aircraftMake", a."aircraftModel", c."highestInjuryLevel", c."totalFatal", c."completionStatus", c.report_url FROM 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_case_detail.parquet' c LEFT JOIN 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_aircrafts.parquet' a ON a.case_mkey = c."mKey" AND a.position = 1 WHERE c."mKey" IN (SELECT o.case_mkey FROM 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_occurrences.parquet' o WHERE o."occurrenceNumber" = 1 AND o."occurrenceCode" = 200) ORDER BY c."eventDate" DESC, c."ntsbNumber" DESC ``` This list as a web page: https://openairdocs.org/ntsb?occurrence=200&page=36 --- OpenAirDocs.org is an independent research project of [Contrail Labs](https://contraillabs.com/). It is not affiliated with the FAA or the NTSB. Source documents are U.S. government works in the public domain.