# NTSB investigations: Hard landing

NTSB aviation accident and incident investigations since 1962: the probable cause, findings, aircraft, crew, weather and docket of each, linked to the FAA registry and the FAA’s own reports.

Page 37 of 62 · 3,083 cases

## Cases, newest first

- [NTSB NYC91LA116](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/NYC91LA116.md): Piper 180 · Andes, NY · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Apr 6, 1991 · N9006J · Substantial damage
  > The failure of the pilot to maintain directional control during a landing with unfavorable winds.
- [NTSB SEA91LA080](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/SEA91LA080.md): Cessna 172A · Hood River, OR · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Apr 5, 1991 · N9852T · Substantial damage
  > An inadequately planned approach which resulted in a hard landing. Factors to the accident were rough water landing conditions, poor supervision by the CFI, and the overload condition to the float assembly.
- [NTSB CHI91LA130](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI91LA130.md): Beech 58 · Wichita, KS · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Apr 5, 1991 · N58SE · Substantial damage
  > Remedial action was delayed by the instructor pilot. A factor related to the accident was an excessive rate of descent.
- [NTSB LAX91LA152](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX91LA152.md): Hughes 269C · Honolulu, HI · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Mar 30, 1991 · N8656F · Destroyed
  > The instructor's improperly planned approach. A factor was the pilot's failure to observe performance data for the helicopter.
- [NTSB ANC91LA041](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ANC91LA041.md): Bell 47 · Thompson Pass, AK · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Mar 30, 1991 · N73279 · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's failure to maintain aircraft control and improper flare during landing.
- [NTSB CHI91LA113](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI91LA113.md): Robinson R-22 · Augusta, KS · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Mar 24, 1991 · N2503A · Substantial damage
  > An improper autorotation was performed by the dual student and remedial action was delayed by the CFI. Factors related to the accident were: inadequate airspeed and rotor RPM.
- [NTSB CHI91LA119](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI91LA119.md): Cessna 182P · Loup City, NE · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Mar 21, 1991 · N91376 · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's improper landing/touchdown. A related factor was the pilot's lack of total flight experience.
- [NTSB LAX91LA131](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX91LA131.md): Cessna 152 · Eloy, AZ · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Mar 15, 1991 · N5496B · Substantial damage
  > The student pilot's improper recovery from a bounced landing and the inadvertent entry into a porpoise condition.
- [NTSB NYC91LA087](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/NYC91LA087.md): Cessna 152 · Caldwell, NJ · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Mar 12, 1991 · N69095 · Substantial damage
  > Improper flare by the pilot. Darkness was a related factor.
- [NTSB SEA91LA065](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/SEA91LA065.md): Cessna 172P · Seattle, WA · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Mar 9, 1991 · N64599 · Substantial damage
  > A hard landing due to the pilot's midjudgement of his touchdown.
- [NTSB FTW91LA047](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/FTW91LA047.md): Piper PA-32RT-300T · Leander, TX · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Mar 5, 1991 · N9190A · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's failure to maintain a proper descent rate during the final approach.
- [NTSB CHI91LA103](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI91LA103.md): Short Brothers SD3-60 · Chicago, IL · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Mar 2, 1991 · N385MQ · Substantial damage
  > An excessive landing flare by the copilot. Factors associated with the accident are the inoperative wing flaps and the captain's inadequate supervison.
- [NTSB FTW91LA041](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/FTW91LA041.md): Hughes 269C · Knowles, OK · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Feb 18, 1991 · N8973F · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's failure to maintain a proper descent rate during the maneuver and his delay in initiating the go-around.
- [NTSB LAX91LA110](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX91LA110.md): Cessna 172N · San Carlos, CA · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Feb 17, 1991 · N5300F · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's improper flare landing.
- [NTSB ATL91LA056](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ATL91LA056.md): Ercoupe 415C · Gastonia, NC · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Feb 9, 1991 · N3353H · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's improper flare and subsequent failure to recover from a bounced landing.
- [NTSB MIA91LA080](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/MIA91LA080.md): Beech 58 · St. Thomas · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Feb 8, 1991 · N7278R · Substantial damage
  > Excessive descent rate by the pilot, improper recovery from the bounced landing, and failure to recover from the porpoise condition.
- [NTSB LAX91LA080](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX91LA080.md): Cessna 152 · Phoenix, AZ · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jan 24, 1991 · N93574 · Substantial damage
  > The student pilot's improper bounced landing recovery technique. A factor in the accident was the pilot's limited flight experience.
- [NTSB DEN91LA035](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/DEN91LA035.md): Cessna 152 · Tulsa, OK · Accident · Serious injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jan 21, 1991 · N6374M · Substantial damage
  > The inadequate supervision of the student by the flight instructor. A factor was: the student's failure to flare the aircraft.
- [NTSB CHI91LA067](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI91LA067.md): Beech 200 · Vichy, MO · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jan 12, 1991 · N200MR · Substantial damage
  > A restricted visual outlook and go-around was not performed by the pilot. Factors related to the accident were a dark night, fog and glare, ice covered runway and whiteout conditions.
- [NTSB LAX91LA070](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX91LA070.md): Robinson R22 · Scottsdale, AZ · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jan 9, 1991 · N8005E · Substantial damage
  > The instructor pilot's delay in executing a recovery flare from the autorotative descent, and the helicopter's inadequate altitude during flare. A contributing factor was related to the instructor pilot being inattentive to his student's performance.
- [NTSB CHI91LA056](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI91LA056.md): Cessna 340 · Chesterfield, MO · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jan 3, 1991 · N14DB · Substantial damage
  > Failure of the pilot to maintain directional control during the landing roll. Factors related to the accident are a foggy windshield, misjudgement of altitude, premature landing flare, and slush on the runway.
- [NTSB MIA91LA060](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/MIA91LA060.md): Hughes 269C · Deland, FL · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jan 2, 1991 · N9574F · Substantial damage
  > Failure of the commercial pilot applicant to pull collective pitch and delay by the check airman to pull collective and apply power to recover, resulting in a hard landing.
- [NTSB LAX91LA064](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX91LA064.md): Grumman AA1B · Truckee, CA · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jan 1, 1991 · N1641R · Substantial damage
  > 1) The pilots improper flare maneuver; 2) his failure to perform a bounced landing recovery; and 3) his failure to maintain directional control of the aircraft.
- [NTSB CHI91LA061](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI91LA061.md): Piper PA-28-140 · Pinconning, MI · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jan 1, 1991 · N5063T · Substantial damage
  > Inadequate airspeed, wind shear and a stall.
- [NTSB SEA90FA079](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/SEA90FA079.md): Bell 206B-3 · Coeur D'Alene, ID · Accident · No injuries · Field investigation · Final report · Dec 9, 1990 · N53MA · Substantial damage
  > Failure of the pilot-in-command (PIC) to maintain rotor RPM, and a delay by the FAA inspector (flight examiner) in taking remedical action.
- [NTSB CHI91LA044](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI91LA044.md): Cessna 182RG · Lansing, IL · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Dec 9, 1990 · N756ZQ · Substantial damage
  > Excessive lowering of flaps resulted in aircraft control not being maintained by the pilot..inadequate airspeed resulted in a stall/mush and subsequent collision with the terrain. Factors related to the accident were: a gusty crosswind and a delayed go-around…
- [NTSB BFO91LA017](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/BFO91LA017.md): Rockwell 690C · Summerville, WV · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Dec 4, 1990 · N840MD · Substantial damage
  > Pilot's failure to maintain adequate aircraft control during the landing flare/touchdown. The turbulent weather was a related factor.
- [NTSB MIA91LA038](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/MIA91LA038.md): Cessna 172N · Vero Beach, FL · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Nov 29, 1990 · N733UC · Substantial damage
  > The failure of the pilot to perfrom a proper landing flare and touchdown resulting in a hard landing.
- [NTSB CHI91LA034](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI91LA034.md): Cessna 401 · Grand Island, NE · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Nov 27, 1990 · N10QP · Substantial damage
  > Flight into known adverse weather conditions and flare misjudged. Factors related to the accident were: icing conditions resulting in reduced aircraft controllability and restricted visual outlook.
- [NTSB DEN91LA021](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/DEN91LA021.md): Gulfstream AA-5B · Erie, CO · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Nov 25, 1990 · N4557E · Substantial damage
  > Improper flare by the pilot, which resulted in a hard landing. A realted factor was: low light condition at dusk.
- [NTSB SEA91LA022](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/SEA91LA022.md): Beech 65-88 · Spokane, WA · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Nov 22, 1990 · N6CH · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's misjudgement of his touchdown due to disorientation caused by his lack of forward visibility created by an accumulation of ice on the windshield.
- [NTSB NYC91LA033](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/NYC91LA033.md): Cessna 152 · Columbus, OH · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Nov 21, 1990 · N6107B · Substantial damage
  > Aircraft control was not maintained by the student pilot.
- [NTSB NYC91DFA01](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/NYC91DFA01.md): Lowe/Law Glasair SH-3 · Kingston, NY · Accident · No injuries · Final report · Nov 21, 1990 · N330 · Substantial damage
  > A hard landing that collapsed the left main gear due to overload failure of the trunion.
- [NTSB NYC91LA032](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/NYC91LA032.md): Burkhart Grob G103A · Erwinna, PA · Accident · Serious injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Nov 19, 1990 · N923BG · Substantial damage
  > The student pilot's improper landing technique and the instructor's inadequate supervision.
- [NTSB CHI91LA029](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI91LA029.md): Cessna 152 · Kokomo, IN · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Nov 13, 1990 · N757MT · Substantial damage
  > The student pilot's improper recovery from a bounced landing, resulting inadvertent porpoising.
- [NTSB LAX91LA026](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX91LA026.md): Robinson R-22B · Paso Robles, CA · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Nov 10, 1990 · N26610 · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's delay in taking appropriate remedial action. A factor in the accident was the flight's encounter with a tailwind during the termination phase of the auto rotation.
- [NTSB ATL91LA012](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ATL91LA012.md): Cessna 150M · Williamston, NC · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Oct 29, 1990 · N3490V · Substantial damage
  > The student pilot's failure to properly flare the airplane during the night landing attempt. The pilot's failure to maintain geographic orientation and the subsequent flight into night conditions were factors in the accident. The pilot's lack of night flying…
- [NTSB NYC91LA018](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/NYC91LA018.md): Piper PA-32-260 · Bally, PA · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Oct 27, 1990 · N3HA · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's improper recovery from a bounced landing and his failiure to maintain directional control.
- [NTSB DEN91LA011](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/DEN91LA011.md): Cessna 172H · Buena Vista, CO · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Oct 23, 1990 · N2665L · Substantial damage
  > The failure of the pilot to flare properly during landing. The pilot's total lack of experience is a factor.
- [NTSB CHI91LA013](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI91LA013.md): Mooney M20/231 · Stockton, MO · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Oct 19, 1990 · N1002X · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's failure to maintain vso (minimum controllable airspeed) in a landing configuration. An associated factor is the pilot's inadequate remedial action.
- [NTSB LAX91LA006](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX91LA006.md): Cessna 150 · Riverside, CA · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Oct 10, 1990 · N68350 · Substantial damage
  > The pilot misjudged the airplane's altitude and the improper bounced landing recovery procedure. Contributing to this accident was the student pilot's total lack of expereince.
- [NTSB NYC91LA008](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/NYC91LA008.md): Maule M5-235C · Moscow, PA · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Oct 7, 1990 · N9266E · Substantial damage
  > A hard landing due to the failure of the pilot to properly arrest his descent rate and the failure of the flight instructor to adequately monitor the actions of the pilot.
- [NTSB NYC91LA004](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/NYC91LA004.md): Piper PA-18 · Emlenton, PA · Accident · Serious injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Oct 7, 1990 · N117T · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's failure to maintain adequate airspeed during the landing. The turbulence contributed to the accident.
- [NTSB LAX91LA007](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX91LA007.md): Cessna 182M · Bakersfield, CA · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Oct 7, 1990 · N70892 · Substantial damage
  > The pilot failed to properly recover from the bounced landing. Contributing to the accident was the pilot's lack of familiarity with the airplane.
- [NTSB ATL90LA181](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ATL90LA181.md): Schweizer G-164B · Minturn, SC · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Sep 26, 1990 · N36303 · Substantial damage
  > A previously fractured main wheel which had resulted from a hard landing. A factor in the accident was inadequate inspection by the operator.
- [NTSB FTW90LA182](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/FTW90LA182.md): Cessna 150M · Arlington, TX · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Sep 24, 1990 · N66689 · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's failure to properly flare the airplane for landing and his failure to initiate the proper recovery procedures following the bounced landing.
- [NTSB LAX90LA341](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX90LA341.md): Aerospatiale AS350B · Cloverdale, CA · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Sep 21, 1990 · N700TV · Substantial damage
  > The improper procedure employed by the student pilot. Contributing to the accident was failure of the CFI to adequately guard the flight controls to apply timely corrective actions.
- [NTSB ANC90LA181](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ANC90LA181.md): Cessna U206 · Egegik, AK · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Sep 21, 1990 · N33181 · Substantial damage
  > The improper use of elevator controls by the pilot.
- [NTSB SEA90LA188](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/SEA90LA188.md): Piper PA34-200T · Jackson, WY · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Sep 13, 1990 · N3981F · Substantial damage
  > The pilot misjudged the landing flare and landed hard.
- [NTSB LAX90LA337](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX90LA337.md): Cessna 172 · Fresno, CA · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Sep 13, 1990 · N738PF · Substantial damage
  > The pilot misjudged the flare altitude and failed to properly recover from a bounced landing.

Next page: https://openairdocs.org/ntsb.md?occurrence=200&page=38

## The whole list in SQL

Runs in DuckDB 1.2 or later on the release's Parquet files over HTTPS:

```sql
SELECT c."ntsbNumber", c."eventDate", c."eventType", c."eventCity", c."eventStateOrRegion", a.n_number, a."aircraftMake", a."aircraftModel", c."highestInjuryLevel", c."totalFatal", c."completionStatus", c.report_url
FROM 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_case_detail.parquet' c LEFT JOIN 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_aircrafts.parquet' a ON a.case_mkey = c."mKey" AND a.position = 1
WHERE c."mKey" IN (SELECT o.case_mkey FROM 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_occurrences.parquet' o WHERE o."occurrenceNumber" = 1 AND o."occurrenceCode" = 200)
ORDER BY c."eventDate" DESC, c."ntsbNumber" DESC
```

This list as a web page: https://openairdocs.org/ntsb?occurrence=200&page=37

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